Legal status in France

Per-substance legal status for France, from sourced statutes where available. Legal information, not legal advice; drug laws change, so confirm with the destination’s embassy or drug authority before you travel.

88 confirmed substances0 not individually verifiedLast updated October 8, 2026

Confirmed legal status

1P-LSD

Legal status: 1P-LSD is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 1P-LSD », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 1P-LSD, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 1P-LSD exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 1P-LSD rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 1P-LSD among the narcotics at the entry « 1P-LSD ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 1P-LSD is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 1P-LSD », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 1P-LSD and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 1P-LSD only if 1P-LSD is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 1P-LSD sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 1P-LSD » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 1P-LSD » for 1P-LSD · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

1P-LSD in France, full detail →

2-FDCK

Legal status: 2-FDCK is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine (2-FDCK) », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints the long chemical form 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine with the short form 2-FDCK in brackets, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name point at one listed item. The bracketed short form is exactly the name used here, so a reader never has to reproduce the French spelling of 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine to find 2-FDCK in the list. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 2-FDCK rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 2-FDCK among the narcotics at the entry « 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine (2-FDCK) ». The entry prints the long chemical form 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine with the short form 2-FDCK in brackets, and the bracketed short form is the name used here, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name reach one listed item and one ceiling. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 2-FDCK is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine (2-FDCK) », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 2-FDCK and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 2-FDCK only if 2-FDCK is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 2-FDCK sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine (2-FDCK) » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 2-fluorodeschlorokétamine (2-FDCK) » for 2-FDCK · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

2-FDCK in France, full detail →

25I-NBOMe

Legal status: 25I-NBOMe is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 25I-NBOMe », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 25I-NBOMe, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 25I-NBOMe exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 25I-NBOMe rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 25I-NBOMe among the narcotics at the entry « 25I-NBOMe ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 25I-NBOMe is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 25I-NBOMe », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 25I-NBOMe and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 25I-NBOMe only if 25I-NBOMe is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 25I-NBOMe sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 25I-NBOMe » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 25I-NBOMe » for 25I-NBOMe · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

25I-NBOMe in France, full detail →

2C-B

Legal status: 2C-B is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 2C-B », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 2C-B, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 2C-B exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 2C-B rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 2C-B among the narcotics at the entry « 2C-B ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 2C-B is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 2C-B », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 2C-B and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 2C-B only if 2C-B is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 2C-B sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 2C-B » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 2C-B » for 2C-B · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

2C-B in France, full detail →

2C-E

Legal status: 2C-E is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 2C-E », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 2C-E, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 2C-E exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 2C-E rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 2C-E among the narcotics at the entry « 2C-E ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 2C-E is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 2C-E », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 2C-E and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 2C-E only if 2C-E is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 2C-E sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 2C-E » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 2C-E » for 2C-E · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

2C-E in France, full detail →

2C-I

Legal status: 2C-I is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 2C-I », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 2C-I, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 2C-I exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 2C-I rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 2C-I among the narcotics at the entry « 2C-I ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 2C-I is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 2C-I », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 2C-I and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 2C-I only if 2C-I is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 2C-I sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 2C-I » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 2C-I » for 2C-I · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

2C-I in France, full detail →

2C-T-7

Legal status: 2C-T-7 is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 2C-T-7 », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 2C-T-7, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 2C-T-7 exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 2C-T-7 rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 2C-T-7 among the narcotics at the entry « 2C-T-7 ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 2C-T-7 is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 2C-T-7 », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 2C-T-7 and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 2C-T-7 only if 2C-T-7 is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 2C-T-7 sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 2C-T-7 » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 2C-T-7 » for 2C-T-7 · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

2C-T-7 in France, full detail →

3-MMC

Legal status: 3-MMC is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 3-MMC », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 3-MMC, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 3-MMC exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 3-MMC rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 3-MMC among the narcotics at the entry « 3-MMC ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 3-MMC is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 3-MMC », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 3-MMC and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 3-MMC only if 3-MMC is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 3-MMC sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 3-MMC » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 3-MMC » for 3-MMC · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

3-MMC in France, full detail →

4-AcO-DMT

Legal status: 4-AcO-DMT is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 4-AcO-DMT / O-acétylpsilocine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints two designations, 4-AcO-DMT and O-acétylpsilocine, separated by a slash, so either designation reaches the same listed item. Within that set the designation 4-AcO-DMT is the one matching the common name used here, and the others widen the entry rather than replace it. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 4-AcO-DMT rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 4-AcO-DMT among the narcotics at the entry « 4-AcO-DMT / O-acétylpsilocine ». The entry prints two designations, 4-AcO-DMT and O-acétylpsilocine, separated by a slash, and within that set 4-AcO-DMT is the designation matching the common name used here, the others widening the entry rather than replacing it. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 4-AcO-DMT is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 4-AcO-DMT / O-acétylpsilocine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 4-AcO-DMT and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 4-AcO-DMT only if 4-AcO-DMT is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 4-AcO-DMT sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 4-AcO-DMT / O-acétylpsilocine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 4-AcO-DMT / O-acétylpsilocine » for 4-AcO-DMT · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

4-AcO-DMT in France, full detail →

4-HO-MET

Legal status: 4-HO-MET is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 4-HO-MET », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 4-HO-MET, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 4-HO-MET exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 4-HO-MET rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 4-HO-MET among the narcotics at the entry « 4-HO-MET ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 4-HO-MET is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 4-HO-MET », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 4-HO-MET and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 4-HO-MET only if 4-HO-MET is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 4-HO-MET sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 4-HO-MET » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 4-HO-MET » for 4-HO-MET · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

4-HO-MET in France, full detail →

5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad)

Legal status: 5-MeO-DMT is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 5-MeO-DMT », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 5-MeO-DMT, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 5-MeO-DMT exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 5-MeO-DMT rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 5-MeO-DMT among the narcotics at the entry « 5-MeO-DMT ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 5-MeO-DMT is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 5-MeO-DMT », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 5-MeO-DMT and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 5-MeO-DMT only if 5-MeO-DMT is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 5-MeO-DMT sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 5-MeO-DMT » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 5-MeO-DMT » for 5-MeO-DMT · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad) in France, full detail →

6-APB

Legal status: 6-APB is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 6-APB », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 6-APB, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 6-APB exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 6-APB rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 6-APB among the narcotics at the entry « 6-APB ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 6-APB is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 6-APB », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 6-APB and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 6-APB only if 6-APB is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 6-APB sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 6-APB » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 6-APB » for 6-APB · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

6-APB in France, full detail →

7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)

Legal status: 7-hydroxymitragynine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « 7-hydroxymitragynine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, 7-hydroxymitragynine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints 7-hydroxymitragynine exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for 7-hydroxymitragynine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries 7-hydroxymitragynine among the narcotics at the entry « 7-hydroxymitragynine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: 7-hydroxymitragynine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « 7-hydroxymitragynine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for 7-hydroxymitragynine and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for 7-hydroxymitragynine only if 7-hydroxymitragynine is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where 7-hydroxymitragynine sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « 7-hydroxymitragynine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « 7-hydroxymitragynine » for 7-hydroxymitragynine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) in France, full detail →

Adderall

Legal status: Adderall is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « amphétamine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, amphétamine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The name Adderall is not itself the printed entry; the list reaches it through amphétamine. Adderall is a brand and formulation label rather than a schedule term, so French classification follows its amphetamine constituents and the brand name never has to appear in the order for the order to bite. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for Adderall rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries Adderall among the narcotics at the entry « amphétamine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and Adderall is not itself that entry, the order reaching this row through amphétamine. Adderall is a brand and formulation label rather than a schedule term, so French classification follows its amphetamine constituents and the brand name never has to appear in the order for the order to bite. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: Adderall is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « amphétamine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for Adderall and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for Adderall, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « amphétamine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « amphétamine » for Adderall · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Adderall in France, full detail →

Alcohol

Legal status: Alcohol is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « alcohol » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an English common name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags public-health law and consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « alcohol » dans les listes examinées puts alcohol outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an English common name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is public-health law and consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: alcohol has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « alcohol » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is public-health law and consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what alcohol actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « alcohol » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an English common name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for alcohol recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « alcohol » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is public-health law and consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Alcohol in France, full detail →

Amanita muscaria

Legal status: Amanita muscaria is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « amanita muscaria » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a botanical binomial. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags food law and consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « amanita muscaria » dans les listes examinées puts Amanita muscaria outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a botanical binomial, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is food law and consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: Amanita muscaria has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « amanita muscaria » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is food law and consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what Amanita muscaria actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « amanita muscaria » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a botanical binomial among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for Amanita muscaria recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « amanita muscaria » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is food law and consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Amanita muscaria in France, full detail →

Amphetamine

Legal status: Amphetamine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « amphétamine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, amphétamine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form amphétamine where the English name is amphetamine, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for amphetamine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries amphetamine among the narcotics at the entry « amphétamine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form amphétamine where the English name is amphetamine, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: amphetamine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « amphétamine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for amphetamine and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for amphetamine, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « amphétamine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « amphétamine » for amphetamine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Amphetamine in France, full detail →

Amyl Nitrite

Legal status: Amyl nitrite is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « amyl nitrite » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a chemical name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « amyl nitrite » dans les listes examinées puts amyl nitrite outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a chemical name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: amyl nitrite has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « amyl nitrite » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what amyl nitrite actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « amyl nitrite » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a chemical name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for amyl nitrite recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « amyl nitrite » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Amyl Nitrite in France, full detail →

Ayahuasca

Legal status: Ayahuasca is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « DMT », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, DMT, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The name ayahuasca is not itself the printed entry; the list reaches it through DMT. The beverage name is not the operative entry; classification follows the scheduled DMT content of the brew and the preparation rule that carries a listed substance into the things made from it. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for ayahuasca rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries ayahuasca among the narcotics at the entry « DMT ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and ayahuasca is not itself that entry, the order reaching this row through DMT. The beverage name is not the operative entry; classification follows the scheduled DMT content of the brew and the preparation rule that carries a listed substance into the things made from it. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: ayahuasca is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « DMT », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for ayahuasca and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for ayahuasca only if ayahuasca is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where ayahuasca sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « DMT » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « DMT » for ayahuasca · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Ayahuasca in France, full detail →

Barbiturates

Legal status: Controlled in France member by member rather than as a class, and this is a finding rather than a deferral because the country's own schedule names the members. The member by member check was run against the FRANCE SCHEDULE and not merely against the substances this table happens to carry, and it returned named members: the Arrêtés du 22 février 1990 classify barbiturates member by member and the class row names « barbital; phénobarbital; sécobarbital », that is barbital, phenobarbital and secobarbital. That distinction decides the cell. No barbiturate has a row of its own among the 88 substances in this table, but a schedule that names individuals is not silent merely because the table is, and the absence of a row here is a fact about this table rather than about France. So the specific barbiturate must be identified before any answer is given, and that is the finding: the schedule placement, and therefore the penalty, differs between the named members, so naming the product is the whole of the question.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. Beyond that this row states no ceiling of its own, because the ceiling is member specific: a member carried by the narcotics order can engage Penal Code article 222-34 and life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, while a member reaching only the psychotropics order has to be assessed on its own terms. The class entry prints « barbital; phénobarbital; sécobarbital » without saying which of the two orders of 22 February 1990 carries each name, so the article 222-34 route is neither established nor excluded here and has to be settled against an identified member. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level traveller rule is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this class: the placement that matters belongs to the identified member, and the members the class row names are « barbital; phénobarbital; sécobarbital », so a certificate has to name barbital, phenobarbital or secobarbital rather than the family word for there to be a placement to evidence at all. The dossier gives no prescribing route for the class label and none is invented for it.
Documentation: Carry the prescription naming the individual barbiturate, with the original dispensing packaging and the Schengen traveller certificate, because the entry that can be evidenced is the member's and not the class word's. Provenance: the class row entry is « barbital; phénobarbital; sécobarbital », recorded against the consolidated 22 February 1990 narcotics and psychotropics orders and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. No barbital, phenobarbital or secobarbital row exists elsewhere in this table, so the member placements rest on the class row's own naming and nothing further was carried in.

France, Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, resolved member by member for the barbiturates class · the class row entry is « barbital · phénobarbital · sécobarbital », naming barbital, phenobarbital and secobarbital · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher, with the psychotropics order reached at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 · Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 is member specific here · no member row exists elsewhere in this table · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Barbiturates in France, full detail →

Benzodiazepines

Legal status: Benzodiazepines is a class label, and in France the class resolves member by member onto the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990. The class row's own entry prints « alprazolam; clonazépam; diazépam; lorazépam », and the same table carries six of the members as verified rows in their own right: diazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, etizolam and nimetazepam. Every one of those six was settled on the psychotropics list and not on the narcotics list, so the class label covers substances that France controls as psychotropics. What the label does not do is decide a member the order does not name, because the French lists are closed and a benzodiazepine reaching the market without an entry is not caught by the family word alone. Read the class as a pointer to the named members rather than as a schedule term.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling beyond that is member specific, and on the six members this table settles, diazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, etizolam and nimetazepam, every one sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 rather than the narcotics one, so the Penal Code article 222-34 life route is not established by the listing alone. Article 222-34 stays the national ceiling where the conduct concerns a narcotic, and the class entry « alprazolam; clonazépam; diazépam; lorazépam » is a list of names rather than a tariff. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this class: each of the six members this table carries, diazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, etizolam and nimetazepam, sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990, so a certificate carried for a prescribed benzodiazepine evidences the carriage of a listed psychotropic and names the actual molecule. The dossier gives no prescribing route for the class word itself, and the certificate has to name the member rather than the family.
Documentation: Carry the prescription naming the specific benzodiazepine, not the class word, along with the Schengen traveller certificate and the original dispensing packaging, because the schedule entry exists for the member and not for the family. Provenance: the class row's own entry is « alprazolam; clonazépam; diazépam; lorazépam », read against the consolidated 22 February 1990 orders on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026, and the member placements were taken from the six verified rows in the same table, each of which cites the psychotropics order through https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes.

France, Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, resolved member by member for the benzodiazepines class · the class row entry is « alprazolam · clonazépam · diazépam · lorazépam » and the member rows relied on are diazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, etizolam and nimetazepam, all six of them placed on the psychotropics order reached at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 · Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling and is member specific on this row · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Benzodiazepines in France, full detail →

Buprenorphine

Legal status: Buprenorphine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « buprénorphine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, buprénorphine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form buprénorphine where the English name is buprenorphine, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for buprenorphine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries buprenorphine among the narcotics at the entry « buprénorphine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form buprénorphine where the English name is buprenorphine, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: buprenorphine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « buprénorphine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for buprenorphine and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for buprenorphine, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « buprénorphine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « buprénorphine » for buprenorphine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Buprenorphine in France, full detail →

Caffeine

Legal status: Caffeine is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « caffeine » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a common name shared with the international non-proprietary form. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags food law and consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « caffeine » dans les listes examinées puts caffeine outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a common name shared with the international non-proprietary form, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is food law and consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: caffeine has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « caffeine » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is food law and consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what caffeine actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « caffeine » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a common name shared with the international non-proprietary form among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for caffeine recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « caffeine » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is food law and consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Caffeine in France, full detail →

Cannabinol

Legal status: Cannabinol is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a chemical name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées puts cannabinol outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a chemical name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: cannabinol has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what cannabinol actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a chemical name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for cannabinol recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Cannabinol in France, full detail →

Cannabis / THC

Legal status: Cannabis is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « cannabis », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, cannabis, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints cannabis exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for cannabis rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries cannabis among the narcotics at the entry « cannabis ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: cannabis is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « cannabis », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for cannabis and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for cannabis, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « cannabis » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « cannabis » for cannabis · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Cannabis / THC in France, full detail →

Cathinone

Legal status: Cathinone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « cathinone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, cathinone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints cathinone exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for cathinone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries cathinone among the narcotics at the entry « cathinone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: cathinone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « cathinone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for cathinone and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for cathinone only if cathinone is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where cathinone sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « cathinone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « cathinone » for cathinone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Cathinone in France, full detail →

CBD

Legal status: CBD is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cbd » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an abbreviation. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law and food law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cbd » dans les listes examinées puts CBD outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an abbreviation, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law and food law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: CBD has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « cbd » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law and food law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what CBD actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « cbd » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an abbreviation among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for CBD recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cbd » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is consumer law and food law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

CBD in France, full detail →

Clonazepam

Legal status: Clonazepam is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « clonazépam », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, clonazépam, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form clonazépam where the English name is clonazepam. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for clonazepam is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « clonazépam ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form clonazépam where the English name is clonazepam, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. This row is also one of the six members the benzodiazepines label in this table resolves onto, and all six were settled on the psychotropics order rather than the narcotics one. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: clonazepam sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « clonazépam », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for clonazepam appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for clonazepam with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « clonazépam » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « clonazépam » for clonazepam · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Clonazepam in France, full detail →

Cocaine

Legal status: Cocaine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « cocaïne », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, cocaïne, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form cocaïne where the English name is cocaine, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for cocaine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries cocaine among the narcotics at the entry « cocaïne ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form cocaïne where the English name is cocaine, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: cocaine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « cocaïne », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for cocaine and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for cocaine, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « cocaïne » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « cocaïne » for cocaine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Cocaine in France, full detail →

Codeine

Legal status: Codeine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « codéine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, codéine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form codéine where the English name is codeine, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for codeine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries codeine among the narcotics at the entry « codéine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form codéine where the English name is codeine, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: codeine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « codéine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for codeine and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for codeine, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « codéine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « codéine » for codeine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Codeine in France, full detail →

Crack Cocaine

Legal status: Crack cocaine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « cocaïne », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, cocaïne, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The name crack cocaine is not itself the printed entry; the list reaches it through cocaïne. Crack is a form and preparation of cocaine rather than a separate listed molecule, and the cocaine entry plus the preparations limb is what reaches it. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for crack cocaine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries crack cocaine among the narcotics at the entry « cocaïne ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and crack cocaine is not itself that entry, the order reaching this row through cocaïne. Crack is a form and preparation of cocaine rather than a separate listed molecule, and the cocaine entry plus the preparations limb is what reaches it. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: crack cocaine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « cocaïne », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for crack cocaine and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for crack cocaine only if crack cocaine is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where crack cocaine sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « cocaïne » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « cocaïne » for crack cocaine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Crack Cocaine in France, full detail →

Delta-8-THC

Legal status: Delta-8-THC is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « delta-8-THC », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, delta-8-THC, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints delta-8-THC exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for delta-8-THC rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries delta-8-THC among the narcotics at the entry « delta-8-THC ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: delta-8-THC is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « delta-8-THC », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for delta-8-THC and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for delta-8-THC only if delta-8-THC is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where delta-8-THC sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « delta-8-THC » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « delta-8-THC » for delta-8-THC · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Delta-8-THC in France, full detail →

Diazepam

Legal status: Diazepam is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « diazépam », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, diazépam, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form diazépam where the English name is diazepam. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for diazepam is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « diazépam ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form diazépam where the English name is diazepam, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. This row is also one of the six members the benzodiazepines label in this table resolves onto, and all six were settled on the psychotropics order rather than the narcotics one. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: diazepam sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « diazépam », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for diazepam appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for diazepam with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « diazépam » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « diazépam » for diazepam · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Diazepam in France, full detail →

DMT

Legal status: DMT is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « DMT », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, DMT, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints DMT exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for DMT rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries DMT among the narcotics at the entry « DMT ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: DMT is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « DMT », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for DMT and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for DMT only if DMT is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where DMT sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « DMT » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « DMT » for DMT · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

DMT in France, full detail →

DOM

Legal status: DOM is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « DOM », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, DOM, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints DOM exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for DOM rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries DOM among the narcotics at the entry « DOM ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: DOM is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « DOM », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for DOM and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for DOM only if DOM is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where DOM sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « DOM » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « DOM » for DOM · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

DOM in France, full detail →

DXM

Legal status: DXM is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « dxm » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an abbreviation. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « dxm » dans les listes examinées puts DXM outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an abbreviation, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: DXM has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « dxm » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what DXM actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « dxm » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an abbreviation among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for DXM recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « dxm » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

DXM in France, full detail →

Ephedrine

Legal status: Ephedrine is handled in France through the drug precursor regime and not through the narcotics or psychotropics lists of 22 February 1990. The dossier records the entry as « éphédrine »; category: « précurseur de drogues », naming the substance and then its category as a drug precursor, and it routes the row that way deliberately rather than treating ephedrine silently as a listed narcotic. The controlling machinery cited for this row is the Code de la santé publique, and the precursor controls are the European Union and French regime built on top of it. Because France works from closed lists, the absence of an ephedrine entry on either 1990 order is a finding in its own right, and the precursor category is where the control actually lives.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. This row assigns no article 222-34 ceiling either: the entry recorded is « éphédrine »; category: « précurseur de drogues », so the control sits in the drug precursor regime built on the Code de la santé publique and not on either order of 22 February 1990, and precursor specific offences apply in place of the narcotics tariffs. Life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34 stays the national ceiling for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and it reaches conduct concerning a listed narcotic rather than conduct concerning a precursor category. The dossier names the regime without printing its tariffs, so no figure is stated here, and article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique is directed at the lists rather than at precursor control.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level traveller rule is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: ephedrine has no placement on either 22 February 1990 order to evidence, because its entry is the precursor category recorded as « éphédrine »; category: « précurseur de drogues », so what a traveller carrying an ephedrine containing medicine is documenting is the medicine rather than a schedule position. The dossier gives no per substance prescribing route for ephedrine and none is constructed here.
Documentation: Carry the supply or purchase documentation for the ephedrine containing product together with its original labelled packaging and any prescription, since the precursor regime is documented by provenance rather than by a schedule entry. Provenance: the routing relied on is « éphédrine »; category: « précurseur de drogues », recorded against the European Union and French drug precursor regime rather than the narcotics or psychotropics lists, with the Code de la santé publique read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 on 18 September 2026. Both 1990 orders were followed to their terminal list material and neither carries ephedrine.

France, European Union and French drug precursor regime rather than the 22 February 1990 narcotics or psychotropics lists, with ephedrine recorded as « éphédrine » · category: « précurseur de drogues » · the Code de la santé publique was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665, Légifrance, the official publisher · Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national narcotics ceiling and is expressly not assigned by this row · the narcotics order at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 was checked and carries no ephedrine entry · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Ephedrine in France, full detail →

Etizolam

Legal status: Etizolam is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « étizolam », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, étizolam, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form étizolam where the English name is etizolam. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for etizolam is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « étizolam ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form étizolam where the English name is etizolam, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. This row is also one of the six members the benzodiazepines label in this table resolves onto, and all six were settled on the psychotropics order rather than the narcotics one. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: etizolam sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « étizolam », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for etizolam appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for etizolam with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « étizolam » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « étizolam » for etizolam · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Etizolam in France, full detail →

Fentanyl

Legal status: Fentanyl is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « fentanyl », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, fentanyl, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints fentanyl exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for fentanyl rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries fentanyl among the narcotics at the entry « fentanyl ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: fentanyl is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « fentanyl », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for fentanyl and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for fentanyl, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « fentanyl » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « fentanyl » for fentanyl · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Fentanyl in France, full detail →

Gabapentin

Legal status: Gabapentin is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « gabapentin » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « gabapentin » dans les listes examinées puts gabapentin outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: gabapentin has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « gabapentin » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what gabapentin actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « gabapentin » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for gabapentin recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « gabapentin » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Gabapentin in France, full detail →

GBL

Legal status: GBL is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « gbl » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an abbreviation. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « gbl » dans les listes examinées puts GBL outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an abbreviation, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: GBL has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « gbl » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what GBL actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « gbl » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an abbreviation among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for GBL recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « gbl » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

GBL in France, full detail →

GHB

Legal status: GHB is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « GHB », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, GHB, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints GHB exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for GHB rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries GHB among the narcotics at the entry « GHB ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: GHB is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « GHB », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for GHB and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for GHB, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « GHB » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « GHB » for GHB · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

GHB in France, full detail →

Heroin

Legal status: Heroin is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « héroïne », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, héroïne, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the French form héroïne where the English name is heroin, the difference being the French ending rather than a different substance, and the French spelling is what the entry was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for heroin rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries heroin among the narcotics at the entry « héroïne ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the French form héroïne where the English name is heroin, a difference of ending rather than of substance. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: heroin is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « héroïne », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for heroin and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for heroin, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « héroïne » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « héroïne » for heroin · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Heroin in France, full detail →

HHC

Legal status: HHC is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints the long chemical form hexahydrocannabinol with the short form HHC in brackets, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name point at one listed item. The bracketed short form is exactly the name used here, so a reader never has to reproduce the French spelling of hexahydrocannabinol to find HHC in the list. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for HHC rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries HHC among the narcotics at the entry « hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) ». The entry prints the long chemical form hexahydrocannabinol with the short form HHC in brackets, and the bracketed short form is the name used here, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name reach one listed item and one ceiling. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: HHC is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for HHC and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for HHC only if HHC is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where HHC sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) » for HHC · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

HHC in France, full detail →

Hydrocodone

Legal status: Hydrocodone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « hydrocodone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, hydrocodone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints hydrocodone exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for hydrocodone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries hydrocodone among the narcotics at the entry « hydrocodone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: hydrocodone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « hydrocodone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for hydrocodone and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for hydrocodone, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « hydrocodone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « hydrocodone » for hydrocodone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Hydrocodone in France, full detail →

Ketamine

Legal status: Ketamine is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « kétamine », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, kétamine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form kétamine where the English name is ketamine. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for ketamine is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « kétamine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form kétamine where the English name is ketamine, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. This row stands alone rather than as a member of any class label in this table, so nothing else here has to be read with it. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: ketamine sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « kétamine », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for ketamine appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for ketamine with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « kétamine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « kétamine » for ketamine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Ketamine in France, full detail →

Khat

Legal status: Khat is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « khat / Catha edulis », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints two designations, khat and Catha edulis, separated by a slash, so either designation reaches the same listed item. Within that set the designation khat is the one matching the common name used here, and the others widen the entry rather than replace it. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for khat rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries khat among the narcotics at the entry « khat / Catha edulis ». The entry prints two designations, khat and Catha edulis, separated by a slash, and within that set khat is the designation matching the common name used here, the others widening the entry rather than replacing it. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: khat is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « khat / Catha edulis », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for khat and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for khat only if khat is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where khat sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « khat / Catha edulis » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « khat / Catha edulis » for khat · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Khat in France, full detail →

Kratom

Legal status: Kratom is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « kratom; mitragynine; 7-hydroxymitragynine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a set of three designations rather than one, printed as kratom, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, and each of them stands on its own in the list. Within that set the designation kratom is the one matching the common name used here, and the others widen the entry rather than replace it. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for kratom rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries kratom among the narcotics at the entry « kratom; mitragynine; 7-hydroxymitragynine ». The entry is a set of three designations, kratom, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, each standing on its own in the list, and within that set kratom is the designation matching the common name used here, the others widening the entry rather than replacing it. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: kratom is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « kratom; mitragynine; 7-hydroxymitragynine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for kratom and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for kratom only if kratom is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where kratom sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « kratom; mitragynine; 7-hydroxymitragynine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « kratom · mitragynine · 7-hydroxymitragynine » for kratom · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Kratom in France, full detail →

Lorazepam

Legal status: Lorazepam is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « lorazépam », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, lorazépam, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form lorazépam where the English name is lorazepam. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for lorazepam is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « lorazépam ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form lorazépam where the English name is lorazepam, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. This row is also one of the six members the benzodiazepines label in this table resolves onto, and all six were settled on the psychotropics order rather than the narcotics one. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: lorazepam sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « lorazépam », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for lorazepam appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for lorazepam with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « lorazépam » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « lorazépam » for lorazepam · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Lorazepam in France, full detail →

LSA (Morning Glory)

Legal status: LSA is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « amide de l’acide lysergique », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, amide de l’acide lysergique, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The name LSA is not itself the printed entry; the list reaches it through amide de l’acide lysergique. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for LSA rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries LSA among the narcotics at the entry « amide de l’acide lysergique ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and LSA is not itself that entry, the order reaching this row through amide de l’acide lysergique. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: LSA is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « amide de l’acide lysergique », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for LSA and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for LSA only if LSA is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where LSA sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « amide de l’acide lysergique » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « amide de l’acide lysergique » for LSA · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

LSA (Morning Glory) in France, full detail →

LSD

Legal status: LSD is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « LSD », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, LSD, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints LSD exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for LSD rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries LSD among the narcotics at the entry « LSD ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: LSD is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « LSD », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for LSD and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for LSD only if LSD is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where LSD sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « LSD » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « LSD » for LSD · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

LSD in France, full detail →

MDA

Legal status: MDA is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « MDA », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, MDA, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints MDA exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for MDA rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries MDA among the narcotics at the entry « MDA ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: MDA is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « MDA », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for MDA and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for MDA only if MDA is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where MDA sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « MDA » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « MDA » for MDA · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

MDA in France, full detail →

MDMA

Legal status: MDMA is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « MDMA », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, MDMA, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints MDMA exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for MDMA rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries MDMA among the narcotics at the entry « MDMA ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: MDMA is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « MDMA », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for MDMA and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for MDMA only if MDMA is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where MDMA sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « MDMA » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « MDMA » for MDMA · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

MDMA in France, full detail →

MDPV

Legal status: MDPV is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « MDPV », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, MDPV, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints MDPV exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for MDPV rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries MDPV among the narcotics at the entry « MDPV ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: MDPV is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « MDPV », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for MDPV and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for MDPV only if MDPV is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where MDPV sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « MDPV » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « MDPV » for MDPV · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

MDPV in France, full detail →

Memantine

Legal status: Memantine is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « memantine » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « memantine » dans les listes examinées puts memantine outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: memantine has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « memantine » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what memantine actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « memantine » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for memantine recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « memantine » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Memantine in France, full detail →

Mephedrone (4-MMC)

Legal status: Mephedrone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méphédrone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, méphédrone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form méphédrone where the English name is mephedrone, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for mephedrone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries mephedrone among the narcotics at the entry « méphédrone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form méphédrone where the English name is mephedrone, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: mephedrone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méphédrone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for mephedrone and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for mephedrone only if mephedrone is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where mephedrone sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méphédrone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méphédrone » for mephedrone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Mephedrone (4-MMC) in France, full detail →

Mescaline

Legal status: Mescaline is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « mescaline », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, mescaline, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints mescaline exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for mescaline rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries mescaline among the narcotics at the entry « mescaline ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: mescaline is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « mescaline », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for mescaline and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for mescaline only if mescaline is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where mescaline sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « mescaline » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « mescaline » for mescaline · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Mescaline in France, full detail →

Methadone

Legal status: Methadone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méthadone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, méthadone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form méthadone where the English name is methadone, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for methadone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries methadone among the narcotics at the entry « méthadone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form méthadone where the English name is methadone, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: methadone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méthadone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for methadone and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for methadone, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méthadone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méthadone » for methadone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Methadone in France, full detail →

Methamphetamine

Legal status: Methamphetamine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méthamphétamine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, méthamphétamine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form méthamphétamine where the English name is methamphetamine, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for methamphetamine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries methamphetamine among the narcotics at the entry « méthamphétamine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form méthamphétamine where the English name is methamphetamine, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: methamphetamine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méthamphétamine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for methamphetamine and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for methamphetamine only if methamphetamine is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where methamphetamine sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méthamphétamine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méthamphétamine » for methamphetamine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Methamphetamine in France, full detail →

Methaqualone (Quaaludes)

Legal status: Methaqualone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méthaqualone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, méthaqualone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form méthaqualone where the English name is methaqualone, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for methaqualone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries methaqualone among the narcotics at the entry « méthaqualone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form méthaqualone where the English name is methaqualone, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: methaqualone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méthaqualone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for methaqualone and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for methaqualone only if methaqualone is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where methaqualone sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méthaqualone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méthaqualone » for methaqualone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Methaqualone (Quaaludes) in France, full detail →

Methylone

Legal status: Methylone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méthylone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, méthylone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form méthylone where the English name is methylone, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for methylone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries methylone among the narcotics at the entry « méthylone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form méthylone where the English name is methylone, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: methylone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méthylone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for methylone and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for methylone only if methylone is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where methylone sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méthylone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méthylone » for methylone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Methylone in France, full detail →

Methylphenidate

Legal status: Methylphenidate is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méthylphénidate », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, méthylphénidate, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form méthylphénidate where the English name is methylphenidate, and the French spelling is the string the list was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for methylphenidate rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries methylphenidate among the narcotics at the entry « méthylphénidate ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form méthylphénidate where the English name is methylphenidate, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: methylphenidate is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méthylphénidate », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for methylphenidate and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for methylphenidate, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méthylphénidate » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méthylphénidate » for methylphenidate · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Methylphenidate in France, full detail →

Mitragynine

Legal status: Mitragynine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « mitragynine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, mitragynine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints mitragynine exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for mitragynine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries mitragynine among the narcotics at the entry « mitragynine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: mitragynine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « mitragynine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for mitragynine and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for mitragynine only if mitragynine is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where mitragynine sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « mitragynine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « mitragynine » for mitragynine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Mitragynine in France, full detail →

Modafinil

Legal status: Modafinil is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « modafinil » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « modafinil » dans les listes examinées puts modafinil outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: modafinil has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « modafinil » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what modafinil actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « modafinil » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for modafinil recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « modafinil » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Modafinil in France, full detail →

Morphine

Legal status: Morphine is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « morphine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, morphine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints morphine exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for morphine rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries morphine among the narcotics at the entry « morphine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: morphine is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « morphine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for morphine and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for morphine, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « morphine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « morphine » for morphine · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Morphine in France, full detail →

MXE

Legal status: MXE is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « méthoxétamine (MXE) », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints the long chemical form méthoxétamine with the short form MXE in brackets, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name point at one listed item. The bracketed short form is exactly the name used here, so a reader never has to reproduce the French spelling of méthoxétamine to find MXE in the list. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for MXE rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries MXE among the narcotics at the entry « méthoxétamine (MXE) ». The entry prints the long chemical form méthoxétamine with the short form MXE in brackets, and the bracketed short form is the name used here, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name reach one listed item and one ceiling. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: MXE is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « méthoxétamine (MXE) », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for MXE and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for MXE only if MXE is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where MXE sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « méthoxétamine (MXE) » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « méthoxétamine (MXE) » for MXE · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

MXE in France, full detail →

Nicotine

Legal status: Nicotine is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « nicotine » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a chemical name that is also the common name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags tobacco law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « nicotine » dans les listes examinées puts nicotine outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a chemical name that is also the common name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is tobacco law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: nicotine has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « nicotine » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is tobacco law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what nicotine actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « nicotine » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a chemical name that is also the common name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for nicotine recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « nicotine » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is tobacco law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Nicotine in France, full detail →

Nimetazepam

Legal status: Nimetazepam is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « nimétazépam », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, nimétazépam, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the accented French form nimétazépam where the English name is nimetazepam. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for nimetazepam is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « nimétazépam ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the accented French form nimétazépam where the English name is nimetazepam, so the French spelling is the string the placement was found under. This row is also one of the six members the benzodiazepines label in this table resolves onto, and all six were settled on the psychotropics order rather than the narcotics one. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: nimetazepam sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « nimétazépam », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for nimetazepam appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for nimetazepam with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « nimétazépam » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « nimétazépam » for nimetazepam · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Nimetazepam in France, full detail →

Nitrous Oxide

Legal status: Nitrous oxide is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « nitrous oxide » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a chemical name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law and public-health law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « nitrous oxide » dans les listes examinées puts nitrous oxide outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a chemical name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law and public-health law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: nitrous oxide has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « nitrous oxide » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law and public-health law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what nitrous oxide actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « nitrous oxide » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a chemical name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for nitrous oxide recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « nitrous oxide » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is consumer law and public-health law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Nitrous Oxide in France, full detail →

Opium

Legal status: Opium is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « opium », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, opium, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints opium exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for opium rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries opium among the narcotics at the entry « opium ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: opium is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « opium », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for opium and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for opium, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « opium » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « opium » for opium · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Opium in France, full detail →

Oxycodone

Legal status: Oxycodone is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « oxycodone », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, oxycodone, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints oxycodone exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step is needed to reach the entry. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for oxycodone rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries oxycodone among the narcotics at the entry « oxycodone ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: oxycodone is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « oxycodone », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for oxycodone and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for oxycodone, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « oxycodone » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « oxycodone » for oxycodone · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Oxycodone in France, full detail →

PCP

Legal status: PCP is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « phencyclidine (PCP) », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints the long chemical form phencyclidine with the short form PCP in brackets, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name point at one listed item. The bracketed short form is exactly the name used here, so a reader never has to reproduce the French spelling of phencyclidine to find PCP in the list. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for PCP rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries PCP among the narcotics at the entry « phencyclidine (PCP) ». The entry prints the long chemical form phencyclidine with the short form PCP in brackets, and the bracketed short form is the name used here, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name reach one listed item and one ceiling. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: PCP is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « phencyclidine (PCP) », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for PCP and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for PCP only if PCP is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where PCP sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « phencyclidine (PCP) » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « phencyclidine (PCP) » for PCP · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

PCP in France, full detail →

Peyote

Legal status: Peyote is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « peyotl / mescaline », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints two designations, peyotl and mescaline, separated by a slash, so either designation reaches the same listed item. None of those designations is the English name peyote on its own, so the entry is reached through the constituent or synonym limb rather than through the common name. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for peyote rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries peyote among the narcotics at the entry « peyotl / mescaline ». The entry prints two designations, peyotl and mescaline, separated by a slash, and none of them is the English name peyote on its own, so the order reaches this row through the constituent or synonym limb. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: peyote is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « peyotl / mescaline », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for peyote and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for peyote only if peyote is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where peyote sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « peyotl / mescaline » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « peyotl / mescaline » for peyote · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Peyote in France, full detail →

Phenibut

Legal status: Phenibut is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « phenibut » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a common name with no international non-proprietary form attached. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « phenibut » dans les listes examinées puts phenibut outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a common name with no international non-proprietary form attached, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: phenibut has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « phenibut » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what phenibut actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « phenibut » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a common name with no international non-proprietary form attached among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for phenibut recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « phenibut » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Phenibut in France, full detail →

Pink Cocaine / Tusi

Legal status: Not applicable as a single status, and not because the French lists are silent. Pink cocaine is a street label rather than a substance: the dossier records the entry point as « mélange à composition variable », a mixture of variable composition. French control runs through the arrêtés du 22 février 1990 and classifies member by member, so a powder sold under this name is whatever it analyses as, and two samples under the one word can resolve to different entries or to none. The constituents reported under it are answered on their own rows in this table, and those rows, not this one, carry the classification. No single terminal status can honestly be stated for the label itself.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. Beyond that no single ceiling can be stated, because the exposure is member specific: a narcotic constituent can engage Penal Code article 222-34 and life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, while a constituent reaching only the psychotropics order has to be assessed separately. A sample containing cocaine, MDMA or ketamine would be read through that constituent's own entry, and those entries do not share one ceiling between them. Until the constituent is identified the honest statement is that the exposure is unsettled and could sit anywhere from no drug offence at all to the article 222-34 ceiling. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this label: there is no single schedule placement to attach, because the row's entry is recorded as « mélange à composition variable » and the placement follows the constituent. There is no schedule placement to attach to the words pink cocaine, so a certificate would have to name the constituent found. What was not established for this cell is which member is present, and without that the certificate has nothing to name.
Documentation: Carry the laboratory analysis or any documentation naming the actual constituents of the sample, because the street name evidences nothing that a French list can be checked against. Provenance: the row's own entry is « mélange à composition variable », recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The dossier classes this label among the five it marks not applicable for a single member independent answer, and that classification, not a failed search, is why this cell defers.

France, Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with pink cocaine recorded as « mélange à composition variable » and marked not applicable for a single member independent answer · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher, with the psychotropics order at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 · Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a member specific ceiling on this row · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Pink Cocaine / Tusi in France, full detail →

Poppers

Legal status: Not applicable as a single status, because poppers is a use name and not a substance name. The dossier records the entry point as « nitrites d’alkyle; appellation non univoque », alkyl nitrites under a label that is not unique. At least four different alkyl nitrites are sold under the one word and they cannot share a single French result, because the arrêtés du 22 février 1990 work from named entries and each nitrite would have to be found under its own French name. The amyl nitrite row in this table is a finding about amyl nitrite and does not transfer to isobutyl, isopropyl or butyl, so the label as a whole has no settled status here.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. Beyond that no single ceiling can be stated, because the exposure is member specific: a narcotic constituent can engage Penal Code article 222-34 and life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, while a constituent reaching only the psychotropics order has to be assessed separately. The amyl nitrite row in this table was settled as absent from both orders, but that finding covers amyl nitrite and is not transferable to isobutyl, isopropyl or butyl nitrite without its own check. Until the constituent is identified the honest statement is that the exposure is unsettled and could sit anywhere from no drug offence at all to the article 222-34 ceiling. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this label: there is no single schedule placement to attach, because the row's entry is recorded as « nitrites d’alkyle; appellation non univoque » and the placement follows the constituent. No prescribing route arises for a consumer product sold under a trade name, and the dossier supplies none. What was not established for this cell is which member is present, and without that the certificate has nothing to name.
Documentation: Carry the product with its original label and composition statement, since the nitrite actually present is the only thing a French list can be checked against. Provenance: the row's own entry is « nitrites d’alkyle; appellation non univoque », recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The dossier classes this label among the five it marks not applicable for a single member independent answer, and that classification, not a failed search, is why this cell defers.

France, Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with poppers recorded as « nitrites d’alkyle · appellation non univoque » and marked not applicable for a single member independent answer · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher, with the psychotropics order at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 · Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a member specific ceiling on this row · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Poppers in France, full detail →

Pregabalin

Legal status: Pregabalin is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « pregabalin » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « pregabalin » dans les listes examinées puts pregabalin outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: pregabalin has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « pregabalin » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what pregabalin actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « pregabalin » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for pregabalin recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « pregabalin » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Pregabalin in France, full detail →

Psilocybin

Legal status: Psilocybin is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « psilocybine », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a single designation, psilocybine, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints the French form psilocybine where the English name is psilocybin, the difference being the French ending rather than a different substance, and the French spelling is what the entry was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for psilocybin rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries psilocybin among the narcotics at the entry « psilocybine ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints the French form psilocybine where the English name is psilocybin, a difference of ending rather than of substance. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: psilocybin is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « psilocybine », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for psilocybin and none is invented here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate together with the prescription and the original dispensing packaging for psilocybin, and treat the certificate as proof of lawful carriage rather than as anything that alters the schedule. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « psilocybine » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « psilocybine » for psilocybin · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Psilocybin in France, full detail →

Quetiapine

Legal status: Quetiapine is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « quetiapine » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « quetiapine » dans les listes examinées puts quetiapine outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: quetiapine has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « quetiapine » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what quetiapine actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « quetiapine » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for quetiapine recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « quetiapine » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Quetiapine in France, full detail →

Salvia divinorum

Legal status: Salvia divinorum is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « Salvia divinorum; salvinorine A », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry is a set of two designations rather than one, printed as Salvia divinorum and salvinorine A, and each of them stands on its own in the list. Within that set the designation Salvia divinorum is the one matching the common name used here, and the others widen the entry rather than replace it. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for Salvia divinorum rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries Salvia divinorum among the narcotics at the entry « Salvia divinorum; salvinorine A ». The entry is a set of two designations, Salvia divinorum and salvinorine A, each standing on its own in the list, and within that set Salvia divinorum is the designation matching the common name used here, the others widening the entry rather than replacing it. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: Salvia divinorum is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « Salvia divinorum; salvinorine A », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for Salvia divinorum and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for Salvia divinorum only if Salvia divinorum is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where Salvia divinorum sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « Salvia divinorum; salvinorine A » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « Salvia divinorum · salvinorine A » for Salvia divinorum · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

Salvia divinorum in France, full detail →

Scopolamine (Devil's Breath)

Legal status: Scopolamine is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « scopolamine » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a chemical name that doubles as the common name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « scopolamine » dans les listes examinées puts scopolamine outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a chemical name that doubles as the common name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: scopolamine has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « scopolamine » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what scopolamine actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « scopolamine » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a chemical name that doubles as the common name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for scopolamine recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « scopolamine » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Scopolamine (Devil's Breath) in France, full detail →

Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice)

Legal status: Not applicable as a class status, because France reaches these compounds partly by name and partly by family clause. The dossier records the entry point as « JWH-018; AB-CHMINACA; familles et molécules classées », named molecules together with classified families. A molecule that is neither named in the arrêtés du 22 février 1990 nor inside one of the classified families is not controlled merely because it acts on the same receptors, so a product sold as a synthetic cannabinoid can fall inside or outside the lists depending on the exact compound. One status would be true of part of the class and false of the rest, which is why none is stated here.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. Beyond that no single ceiling can be stated, because the exposure is member specific: a narcotic constituent can engage Penal Code article 222-34 and life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, while a constituent reaching only the psychotropics order has to be assessed separately. JWH-018 and AB-CHMINACA are named in the dossier's own entry, and a molecule reached by a classified family clause and one that is not reached at all sit at opposite ends of the same label. Until the constituent is identified the honest statement is that the exposure is unsettled and could sit anywhere from no drug offence at all to the article 222-34 ceiling. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this label: there is no single schedule placement to attach, because the row's entry is recorded as « JWH-018; AB-CHMINACA; familles et molécules classées » and the placement follows the constituent. No prescribing route exists for the family label, and the dossier records none for any member. What was not established for this cell is which member is present, and without that the certificate has nothing to name.
Documentation: Carry the analytical identification of the molecule present, because a product label reading synthetic cannabinoid identifies nothing the order can be searched for. Provenance: the row's own entry is « JWH-018; AB-CHMINACA; familles et molécules classées », recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The dossier classes this label among the five it marks not applicable for a single member independent answer, and that classification, not a failed search, is why this cell defers.

France, Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with synthetic cannabinoids recorded as « JWH-018 · AB-CHMINACA · familles et molécules classées » and marked not applicable for a single member independent answer · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher, with the psychotropics order at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 · Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a member specific ceiling on this row · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice) in France, full detail →

THC-P

Legal status: THC-P is classified as a narcotic in France. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of substances classified as narcotics carries the entry « tétrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP) », and that printed entry is the operative text rather than any chemical resemblance to it. The entry prints the long chemical form tétrahydrocannabiphorol with the short form THCP in brackets, so the abbreviation and the spelled out name point at one listed item. The list prints the short form THCP without the hyphen that THC-P normally carries, and the unhyphenated string is what the entry was searched under. The order's express clauses carry the entry across the salts, stereoisomers and preparations it names, and those textual bridges were applied while family resemblance without an applicable clause was not. France works from closed enumerated lists given effect by the Code de la santé publique, so the position for THC-P rests on the list reaching it and not on the substance belonging to a group the list is silent about. The consolidated Légifrance version carries the amendment history and later amending orders are folded into it, so this placement is the one standing on 18 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. The ceiling that does run on this row is life imprisonment under Penal Code article 222-34, which reaches the person who directs or organises a group whose object is illicit narcotics activity, and it is available because the consolidated order of 22 February 1990 carries THC-P among the narcotics at the entry « tétrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP) ». The entry prints the long chemical form tétrahydrocannabiphorol with the short form THCP in brackets, and the order prints that short form THCP without the hyphen THC-P normally carries. Conduct short of that is charged elsewhere: article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier settles the ceiling and the article carrying it without printing the intermediate trafficking tariffs, so no figure between personal use and article 222-34 is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule in France is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative, not the criminal schedule, so producing one changes what a traveller can show and not where a substance sits. Attached to this substance: THC-P is on the narcotics side of the 22 February 1990 pair of orders at the entry « tétrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP) », which means the certificate can evidence a lawful medical carriage while the narcotics classification continues to govern the conduct. The dossier records no per substance prescribing route for THC-P and none is invented here.
Documentation: A Schengen traveller certificate is a route for THC-P only if THC-P is necessary for the traveller's medical treatment and a competent authority of their state of residence issues or authenticates the certificate: Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence». It never alters where THC-P sits in the French schedules. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « tétrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP) » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 and checked on 18 September 2026. Both consolidated orders were followed through their terminal annex material and their amendment links, so what is quoted is the consolidated entry and not the 1990 original wording.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, entry « tétrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP) » for THC-P · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the ministerial orders their effect and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the life ceiling · the narcotics order was read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance being the official publisher and the source of the amendment history · the consolidated version was followed to its terminal list material · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 4, 2026

THC-P in France, full detail →

Tobacco

Legal status: Tobacco is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « tobacco » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an English common name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags tobacco law and consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « tobacco » dans les listes examinées puts tobacco outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an English common name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is tobacco law and consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: tobacco has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « tobacco » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is tobacco law and consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what tobacco actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « tobacco » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an English common name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for tobacco recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « tobacco » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is tobacco law and consumer law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Tobacco in France, full detail →

Tramadol

Legal status: Tramadol is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « tramadol » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « tramadol » dans les listes examinées puts tramadol outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: tramadol has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « tramadol » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what tramadol actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « tramadol » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for tramadol recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « tramadol » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Tramadol in France, full detail →

Xanax (Alprazolam)

Legal status: Alprazolam is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « alprazolam », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, alprazolam, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints alprazolam exactly as the substance is commonly named. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for alprazolam is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « alprazolam ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. This row is also one of the six members the benzodiazepines label in this table resolves onto, and all six were settled on the psychotropics order rather than the narcotics one. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: alprazolam sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « alprazolam », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for alprazolam appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for alprazolam with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « alprazolam » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « alprazolam » for alprazolam · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Xanax (Alprazolam) in France, full detail →

Xylazine

Legal status: Xylazine is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « xylazine » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags medicines law, including the veterinary limb as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « xylazine » dans les listes examinées puts xylazine outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is an international non-proprietary name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is medicines law, including the veterinary limb, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: xylazine has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « xylazine » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is medicines law, including the veterinary limb, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what xylazine actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « xylazine » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under an international non-proprietary name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

France, consolidated Arrêtés du 22 février 1990, narcotics and psychotropics lists, with the finding for xylazine recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « xylazine » dans les listes examinées · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 carries the classification machinery and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries a ceiling that this negative finding does not engage · read at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085, Légifrance, the official publisher · the body of law flagged as possibly still applying is medicines law, including the veterinary limb · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated September 20, 2026

Xylazine in France, full detail →

Zolpidem

Legal status: Zolpidem is a listed psychotropic substance in France, on the psychotropics list rather than the narcotics list. The consolidated order of 22 February 1990 fixing the list of psychotropic substances carries the entry « zolpidem », and the two 1990 orders are kept apart because the consequences they open are not the same. The entry is a single designation, zolpidem, with nothing bracketed and no alternative spelling offered beside it. The list prints zolpidem exactly as the substance is commonly named. The express clauses for salts, stereoisomers and preparations follow the psychotropics order's own wording, and no narcotics clause is borrowed to widen it. France's lists are closed, so the position for zolpidem is settled by the psychotropics entry existing and not by any resemblance argument.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. What this row does not establish is the narcotics specific life route: Penal Code article 222-34 carries life imprisonment for directing or organising a group formed for illicit narcotics activity, and the dossier records that a place on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 does not by itself prove it. The psychotropics entry is « zolpidem ». The entry is a single designation with nothing bracketed beside it, and the order prints it exactly as the substance is commonly named, so no alias step stands between a seizure and the article. This row stands alone rather than as a member of any class label in this table, so nothing else here has to be read with it. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and stands apart from organised trafficking. The dossier prints no tariff for the psychotropics route, so no figure is stated here.
If prescribed / medical: France's country level rule, taken from the dossier rather than from any prescribing summary, is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative and is not the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: zolpidem sits on the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 at the entry « zolpidem », so a certificate can evidence lawful carriage of a prescribed psychotropic while the listing itself is untouched by it. No per substance prescribing route for zolpidem appears in the dossier and none is supplied here.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen traveller certificate and the prescribing document for zolpidem with the medicine in its original dispensing packaging, and expect the certificate to be read as evidence rather than as an authorisation that changes the list. Provenance: the placement relied on is the entry « zolpidem » in the Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes and checked on 18 September 2026. The psychotropics order was followed through its terminal list material and its amendment links alongside the narcotics order.

France, Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances psychotropes, entry « zolpidem » for zolpidem · the Code de la santé publique at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006072665 gives the order its effect, and Penal Code article 222-34 at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006417715 carries the national ceiling without this row proving the narcotics specific route · the psychotropics order was reached through the Légifrance consolidated search at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/search/all?query=arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+22+f%C3%A9vrier+1990+psychotropes · read as at 18 September 2026. · Updated October 8, 2026

Zolpidem in France, full detail →

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