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Legality

Is it legal in Italy? Drug law, penalties and sources

Italian drug law sorts substances into tables and then asks a second question: was this for personal use. The answer moves the case out of the criminal courts entirely. This page states how, and links every substance to its own sourced entry. Legal information, not legal advice.

86 confirmed substances2 not separately listedLast updated September 21, 2026

Five tables, and the criteria reach further than the names

Article 13 provides that narcotic and psychotropic substances under the supervision and control of the Ministry of Health, and medicines based on them, are grouped according to the criteria in article 14 into five tables annexed to the consolidated text. The Ministry completes and updates the tables by its own decree.

Article 14 sets the criteria, and one clause in it does most of the work. Table I is to contain opium and the materials from which natural opiates can be obtained, the narcotic analgesic alkaloids extractable from them, substances obtained by chemical transformation of those, and substances obtainable by synthesis which are traceable, by chemical structure or by effects, to the opiates already listed.

That last phrase is a generic reach written into the criteria rather than into a schedule. A substance can belong in table I because of what it resembles, either structurally or in what it does, and the same pattern repeats for the coca alkaloids and the other families.

Personal use is not a crime, and the sanctions are not fines

Article 73 is the criminal article. A person who without authorisation cultivates, produces, manufactures, extracts, refines, sells, offers, distributes, transports, procures for others or delivers a table I substance is punished by imprisonment of six to twenty years and a fine of 26,000 to 260,000 euro.

Article 75 is the other route and it is separate. A person who, in order to make personal use of them, unlawfully imports, exports, acquires, receives on any basis or otherwise holds narcotic or psychotropic substances is made subject to administrative sanctions.

The sanctions are not financial. They are suspension of the driving licence, of the professional driving certificate and of the moped certificate, or a ban on obtaining them for up to three years; suspension of the firearms licence; and suspension of the passport. The period runs from two months to a year for tables I and III, and from one to three months for tables II and IV.

So the same physical act sits in one of two entirely different systems depending on purpose, and the table decides how long the administrative sanction lasts.

What each article carries

ProvisionConductPenalty
DPR 309/1990 art. 73(1)Cultivating, producing, selling, transporting or supplying a table I substance6 to 20 years and a fine of 26,000 to 260,000 euro
DPR 309/1990 art. 73(1-bis)Importing, exporting, acquiring or holding above the quantity limitsThe same penalties as article 73(1)
DPR 309/1990 art. 75Holding a table I or III substance for personal useAdministrative sanctions for 2 months to 1 year: driving licence, firearms licence and passport suspension
DPR 309/1990 art. 75Holding a table II or IV substance for personal useThe same sanctions for 1 to 3 months

Every substance confirmed against a primary source

86 substances have a status for Italy verified against a named statute. Each row links to the full entry, with the consequences, the prescription position and the source.

SubstanceStatus
1P-LSDControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «1P-LSD» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
2-FDCKControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «2-FDCK» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
25I-NBOMeControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «25I-NBOMe» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
2C-BControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «2C-B» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
2C-EControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «2C-E» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
2C-IControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «2C-I» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
2C-T-7Controlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «2C-T-7» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
3-MMCControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «3-MMC» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
4-HO-METControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «4-HO-MET» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad)Controlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «5-MeO-DMT» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
6-APBControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «6-APB» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
AdderallControlled through what it contains. Adderall is a brand and formulation label rather than a table entry, and the Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables...
AlcoholNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for alcohol, and the...
Amanita muscariaNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for Amanita muscaria, and...
AmphetamineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «amfetamina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
Amyl NitriteNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for amyl nitrite, and the...
AyahuascaControlled through its actual composition. The beverage name is not an operative entry in the DPR 309/1990 tables, and the Ministry of Health compilation carries «DMT», so a...
BarbituratesControlled in Italy member by member rather than as a class, and this is a finding rather than a deferral because the country's own schedule names the members. The member by...
BenzodiazepinesControlled through the members the tables name. The compilation's entries cited for this label are alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam and lorazepam, and the same Italian table...
BuprenorphineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «buprenorfina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
CaffeineNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for caffeine, and the...
CannabinolNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for cannabinol, and the...
Cannabis / THCControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «cannabis» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
CathinoneControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «catinone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
CBDNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for CBD, and the dossier...
ClonazepamControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «clonazepam» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the...
CocaineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «cocaina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
CodeineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «codeina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
Crack CocaineControlled as a form of cocaine. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «cocaina», and crack is a preparation of cocaine rather than a separately listed substance, so the...
Delta-8-THCControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «delta-8-THC» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
DiazepamControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «diazepam» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the part...
DMTControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «DMT» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
DOMControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «DOM» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
DXMNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for DXM, and the dossier...
EphedrineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «efedrina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
EtizolamControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «etizolam» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the part...
FentanylControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «fentanil» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
GabapentinNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for gabapentin, and the...
GBLControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «GBL» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
GHBControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «GHB» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
HeroinControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «eroina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
HHCControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «HHC» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
HydrocodoneControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «idrocodone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
KetamineControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «ketamina» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the part...
KhatControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «Catha edulis» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
KratomControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «mitraginina; kratom» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or...
LorazepamControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «lorazepam» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the...
LSA (Morning Glory)Controlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «ammide dell’acido lisergico» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the...
LSDControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «LSD» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
MDAControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «MDA» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
MDMAControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «MDMA» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
MDPVControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «MDPV» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
MemantineNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for memantine, and the...
Mephedrone (4-MMC)Controlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «mefedrone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
MescalineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «mescalina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
MethadoneControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «metadone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
MethamphetamineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «metamfetamina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II...
Methaqualone (Quaaludes)Controlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «metaqualone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
MethyloneControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «metilone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
MethylphenidateControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «metilfenidato» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II...
MitragynineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «mitraginina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
ModafinilNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for modafinil, and the...
MorphineControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «morfina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
MXEControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «metossietamina (MXE)» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or...
NicotineNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for nicotine, and the...
NimetazepamControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «nimetazepam» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the...
Nitrous OxideNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for nitrous oxide, and the...
OpiumControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «oppio» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
OxycodoneControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «ossicodone» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
PCPControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «fenciclidina (PCP)» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II...
PeyoteControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «peyote / Lophophora williamsii» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the...
PhenibutNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for phenibut, and the...
Pink Cocaine / TusiNot applicable as a single status, and not because the tables are silent. Pink cocaine names a powder of no fixed composition, which the dossier records as «miscela senza...
PoppersNot applicable as a single status, because the word covers more than one chemical. The dossier records the entry point as «nitriti alchilici; etichetta non univoca», alkyl...
PregabalinNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for pregabalin, and the...
PsilocybinControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «psilocibina» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group...
QuetiapineNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for quetiapine, and the...
Salvia divinorumControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «Salvia divinorum; salvinorina A» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the...
Scopolamine (Devil's Breath)Not scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for scopolamine, and the...
Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice)Not applicable as a class status, because the class label is not the unit the Italian tables work in. The dossier's entry point is «JWH-018; AB-CHMINACA; singoli derivati e...
THC-PControlled. The Ministry of Health compilation of the DPR 309/1990 tables carries «THCP» as an operative entry, and the compilation places it in the Table I or II group without...
TobaccoNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for tobacco, and the...
TramadolControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «tramadolo» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the...
Xanax (Alprazolam)Controlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «alprazolam» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the...
XylazineNot scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for xylazine, and the...
ZolpidemControlled as a medicinal substance. The Ministry of Health compilation carries «zolpidem» and routes it through Table IV and the table of medicinal products, which is the part...

Not separately listed

2 substances are not separately named in the sources we could reach for Italy

For these the governing national drug law is cited, but we have not verified that the substance specifically is scheduled under it. Treat them as unanswered, not as legal. Confirm with Italy’s drug authority or your embassy.

SubstanceWhat we found
4-AcO-DMTNot confirmed. The dossier searched the DPR 309/1990 tables and the ministerial amendments for 4-AcO-DMT, also...
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)Not confirmed. The dossier searched the DPR 309/1990 tables and the ministerial amendments for 7-idrossimitraginina...

Sources

  • Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 9 ottobre 1990, n. 309, artt. 13, 14, 73 and 75 Consulted 16 September 2026. Normattiva serves the articles individually; the bare act url returns a shell.
  • Normattiva reproduction terms Italian legislative text on Normattiva is reproduced freely. This is the only source outside the Crown and United States families that this project has recorded as an outright grant, and the position was not re-verified in this session.

Statute text on this page is quoted from the copies linked above. Last verified September 21, 2026.

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