Not yet medically reviewed, information on this site is in preparation and has not been verified by a medical reviewer.
Legality

Is it legal in Japan? Drug law, penalties and sources

Japan does not have one drug act. It has four, and a designation ordinance that decides which of them a substance falls under. This page states what each instrument covers and links every substance to its own sourced entry. Legal information, not legal advice.

88 confirmed substances0 not separately listedLast updated October 8, 2026

Four control acts, not one

Japan controls drugs through the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, the Stimulants Control Act, the Opium Law, and the act governing cannabis. A fifth instrument, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act, carries the designated substances regime for newer compounds.

Which act catches a substance decides the offence and the penalty, so the first question about any Japanese drug answer is which instrument applies. That is the same shape as Nigeria, where two acts reach the same conduct, and it is why published English summaries of Japanese drug law disagree with each other.

The Opium Law is a separate act in its own right and is easy to miss. Opium and poppy straw are defined there, and the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act then refers back to those definitions rather than restating them.

Cannabis changed acts, and the old act changed its name

The law that used to be the Cannabis Control Act is now the Act on Regulation of Cultivation of Cannabis Plants. The former title does not appear in the official list of laws in force at all.

At the same time the definition of a narcotic in the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act was changed. It now reads that a narcotic means the things listed in appended table 1 and cannabis.

So cannabis is now a narcotic under the main act, and the act that carries its old name governs cultivation. An English account written before the reform describes a structure that no longer exists, and an account that simply says cannabis is controlled by the Cannabis Control Act is naming an instrument that has been re-scoped.

The substances are not in the acts

Appended table 1 to the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act carries the classical entries, the opiates and the coca alkaloids, written in the older statutory style with kanji numerals.

The modern substances are not there. They are designated by Cabinet Order No. 238 of 1990, which names narcotics, narcotic raw material plants, psychotropics and their precursors. Mescaline, phencyclidine, ketamine, fentanyl and a bromo substituted phenethylamine are all in that ordinance and in none of the four acts.

A reading that stops at the acts will report those substances as uncontrolled. The designation ordinance is the instrument that answers the question, and the act only sets the penalty once the ordinance has placed the substance.

Which instrument decides

ProvisionConductPenalty
Narcotics and Psychotropics Control ActNarcotics and psychotropics, and since the reform cannabisSet by that act once the ordinance designates the substance
Stimulants Control ActStimulants, which are a separate category with their own actSet by that act
Opium LawOpium and poppy straw, defined there and referred to by the narcotics actSet by that act
Act on Regulation of Cultivation of Cannabis PlantsCultivation of cannabis plantsSet by that act
Cabinet Order No. 238 of 1990Designating which substances are narcotics or psychotropicsNone. It designates, and the acts punish

Every substance confirmed against a primary source

88 substances have a status for Japan verified against a named statute. Each row links to the full entry, with the consequences, the prescription position and the source.

SubstanceStatus
1P-LSD1P-LSD is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
2-FDCK2-FDCK is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(二―フルオロフェニル)―二―(メチルアミノ)シクロヘキサノン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百十一号, which is...
25I-NBOMe25I-NBOMe is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(四―ヨード―二・五―ジメトキシフェニル)―N―(二―メトキシベンジル)エタンアミン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百七十号...
2C-B2C-B is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「四―ブロモ―二・五―ジメトキシフェネチルアミン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百十九号, which is...
2C-E2C-E is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
2C-I2C-I is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(四―ヨード―二・五―ジメトキシフェニル)エタンアミン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百六十九号, which is...
2C-T-72C-T-7 is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二・五―ジメトキシ―四―(プロピルチオ)フェネチルアミン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第六十七号, which is...
3-MMC3-MMC is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(メチルアミノ)―一―(三―メチルフェニル)プロパン―一―オン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百三十号, which is...
4-AcO-DMT4-AcO-DMT is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
4-HO-MET4-HO-MET is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad)5-MeO-DMT is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
6-APB6-APB is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)7-hydroxymitragynine is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The...
AdderallAdderall is controlled in Japan as a 覚醒剤, a stimulant, under the Stimulants Control Act, because of what it contains. 第二条第一項 opens 「この法律で「覚醒剤」とは、次に掲げる物をいう。」 and the entry is...
AlcoholAlcohol is not a controlled substance in Japan and is not governed by drug law at all. It is governed by the 酒税法, whose 第二条第一項 opens 「この法律において「酒類」とは、アルコール分一度以上の飲料」, an alcohol...
Amanita muscariaAmanita muscaria is not a controlled substance in Japan. Neither the mushroom nor its active compounds, muscimol and ibotenic acid, is named in any list. The only fungi...
AmphetamineAmphetamine is controlled in Japan as a 覚醒剤, a stimulant, under the Stimulants Control Act. 第二条第一項 opens 「この法律で「覚醒剤」とは、次に掲げる物をいう。」 and the entry is...
Amyl NitriteAmyl nitrite is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
AyahuascaAyahuasca is not itself listed in Japan, and the alkaloid it is taken for is a 麻薬, a narcotic: DMT is 「三―〔二―(ジメチルアミノ)エチル〕インドール(別名DMT)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第五十八号. The plant material...
BarbituratesBarbiturates are not one substance in Japanese law, and the class is answered member by member. Japanese law names barbiturate members individually and every one read is a...
BenzodiazepinesBenzodiazepines are not one substance in Japanese law, and the class is answered member by member. Each of the six members in this set is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, of the third...
BuprenorphineBuprenorphine is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is...
CaffeineCaffeine is not a controlled substance in Japan. What governs it is the line between food and medicine. The 食品衛生法's 第四条第一項 reads...
CannabinolCannabinol is controlled in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, and it is not a narcotic. The entry is...
Cannabis / THCCannabis is a 麻薬, a narcotic, in Japan, and it reaches that status through the Act's definition rather than through a list entry. 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法第二条第一号 defines 麻薬 as...
CathinoneCathinone is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―アミノプロピオフェノン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第七号, which is 2-aminopropiophenone...
CBDCBD is not a controlled substance in Japan. Cannabidiol is not named in 別表第一, in the Cabinet Order's narcotics or psychotropics articles, in the 覚醒剤取締法 or in the designated...
ClonazepamClonazepam is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is...
CocaineCocaine is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「コカインその他エクゴニンのエステル及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第十三号, which is cocaine, the other esters of...
CodeineCodeine is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「コデイン、エチルモルヒネその他モルヒネのエーテル及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第十五号, which is codeine, ethylmorphine, the...
Crack CocaineCrack cocaine is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「コカインその他エクゴニンのエステル及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第十三号, which is cocaine, the other esters of...
Delta-8-THCDelta-8-THC is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「六a・七・十・十a―テトラヒドロ―六・六・九―トリメチル―三―ペンチル―六H―ジベンゾ〔b・d〕ピラン―一―オール(別名デルタ八テトラヒドロカンナビノール)及びその塩類」 at...
DiazepamDiazepam is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, named in the Act's own 別表第三 in Japan. The entry is 「七―クロロ―一・三―ジヒドロ―一―メチル―五―フェニル―二H―一・四―ベンゾジアゼピン―二―オン(別名ジアゼパム)及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第三号...
DMTDMT is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「三―〔二―(ジメチルアミノ)エチル〕インドール(別名DMT)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第五十八号, which is...
DOMDOM is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二・五―ジメトキシ―四・α―ジメチルフェネチルアミン(別名DOM)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第六十六号, which is...
DXMDXM is not a controlled substance in Japan, and the reason is an express exclusion rather than a silence. The narcotics table names its racemic and laevo relatives at...
EphedrineEphedrine is controlled in Japan as a 覚醒剤原料, a stimulant raw material, under the Stimulants Control Act, subject to the ten per cent exclusion below. 第二条第五項 provides...
EtizolamEtizolam is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is...
FentanylFentanyl is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「N―(一―フェネチル―四―ピペリジル)プロピオンアニリド(別名フェンタニル)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第九十六号, which...
GabapentinGabapentin is not a controlled substance in Japan. Gabapentin is a cyclohexane gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue and falls outside every generic clause. It is listed as a 医療用医薬品...
GBLGBL is not a controlled substance in Japan. Gamma butyrolactone, oxolan-2-one, is the lactone of GHB, and GHB is a narcotic at 政令第一条第九十号, but GBL is not named anywhere. The one...
GHBGHB is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「四―ヒドロキシ酪酸(別名GHB)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第九十号, which is 4-hydroxybutyric acid...
HeroinHeroin is a 麻薬, a narcotic, and inside that regime one of the ジアセチルモルヒネ等 in Japan. The entry is 「ジアセチルモルヒネ(別名ヘロイン)その他モルヒネのエステル及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第十六号, which is...
HHCHHC is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「六a・七・八・九・十・十a―ヘキサヒドロ―六・六・九―トリメチル―三―ペンチル―六H―ジベンゾ[b・d]ピラン―一―オール及びその塩類」 at...
HydrocodoneHydrocodone is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「ジヒドロコデイノン(別名ヒドロコドン)、そのエステル及びこれらの塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第二十二号, which is dihydrocodeinone...
KetamineKetamine is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(二―クロロフェニル)―二―(メチルアミノ)シクロヘキサノン(別名ケタミン)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第三十四号...
KhatKhat is not itself listed in Japan, and the alkaloid it is taken for is a 麻薬, a narcotic: cathinone is 「二―アミノプロピオフェノン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第七号. The plant material, Catha edulis, is...
KratomKratom material in a form ready for use on the body is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物 product, a designated substance product, allowed only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists...
LorazepamLorazepam is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is...
LSA (Morning Glory)LSA is not a controlled substance in Japan. Ergine, lysergic acid amide, is 7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide with nothing on the amide...
LSDLSD is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「リゼルギン酸ジエチルアミド(別名リゼルギド)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百七十一号, which is lysergic acid...
MDAMDA is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「α―メチル―三・四―(メチレンジオキシ)フェネチルアミン(別名MDA)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百五十八号, which is...
MDMAMDMA is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「N・α―ジメチル―三・四―(メチレンジオキシ)フェネチルアミン(別名MDMA)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第六十四号, which is...
MDPVMDPV is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「一―(三・四―メチレンジオキシフェニル)―二―(ピロリジン―一―イル)ペンタン―一―オン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百六十号...
MemantineMemantine is not a controlled substance in Japan. Memantine, an adamantane amine, is in none of the lists, and nothing in the ketamine entry at 政令第一条第三十四号 or any other entry...
Mephedrone (4-MMC)Mephedrone is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(メチルアミノ)―一―(四―メチルフェニル)プロパン―一―オン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百三十一号, which is...
MescalineMescaline is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「三・四・五―トリメトキシフェネチルアミン(別名メスカリン)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第八十二号, which is...
MethadoneMethadone is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「六―ジメチルアミノ―四・四―ジフェニル―三―ヘプタノン(別名メサドン)及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第三十六号, which is...
MethamphetamineMethamphetamine is controlled in Japan as a 覚醒剤, a stimulant, under the Stimulants Control Act. 第二条第一項 opens 「この法律で「覚醒剤」とは、次に掲げる物をいう。」 and the entry is...
Methaqualone (Quaaludes)Methaqualone is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is 「二―メチル―三―(二―トリル)―四(三H)―キナゾリノン(別名メタカロン)及びその塩類」 at...
MethyloneMethylone is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―メチルアミノ―一―(三・四―メチレンジオキシフェニル)プロパン―一―オン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第百三十二号...
MethylphenidateMethylphenidate is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, named in the Act's own 別表第三 in Japan. The entry is 「二―フェニル―二―(二―ピペリジル)酢酸メチルエステル(別名メチルフェニデート)及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第九号, which is...
MitragynineMitragynine is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
ModafinilModafinil is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is 「二―[(ジフェニルメチル)スルフィニル]アセタミド(別名モダフィニル)及びその塩類」 at 政令第四条第五十五号...
MorphineMorphine is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「モルヒネ及びその塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十二号, which is morphine and its salts. Morphine is the axis the...
MXEMXE is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「二―(エチルアミノ)―二―(三―メトキシフェニル)シクロヘキサノン及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第二十号, which is...
NicotineNicotine is not a controlled substance in Japan and is not governed by drug law at all. As an ingredient of tobacco it is reached through the たばこ事業法's definition of 製造たばこ...
NimetazepamNimetazepam is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is...
Nitrous OxideNitrous oxide is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. The entry is...
OpiumOpium is controlled in Japan by the あへん法, 昭和二十九年法律第七十一号, not by the narcotics list. あへん法第三条第二号 defines あへん as 「けしの液汁が凝固したもの及びこれに加工を施したもの(医薬品として加工を施したものを除く。)をいう。」, the...
OxycodoneOxycodone is a 麻薬, a narcotic, named in the Act's own 別表第一 in Japan. The entry is 「ジヒドロヒドロキシコデイノン(別名オキシコドン)、そのエステル及びこれらの塩類」 at 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第二十五号, which is...
PCPPCP is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「一―(一―フェニルシクロヘキシル)ピペリジン(別名フェンシクリジン)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第九十一号, which is...
PeyotePeyote is not itself listed in Japan, and the alkaloid it is taken for is a 麻薬, a narcotic: mescaline is 「三・四・五―トリメトキシフェネチルアミン(別名メスカリン)及びその塩類」 at 政令第一条第八十二号. The plant...
PhenibutPhenibut is not a controlled substance in Japan. Phenibut is 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid, a gamma-aminobutyric acid with a phenyl ring on carbon 3. It is not a cathinone...
Pink Cocaine / TusiPink cocaine is a market label, not a substance, so Japanese law answers for what the sample contains rather than for the name. The label is used for a coloured powder that is...
PoppersPoppers is a market label for alkyl nitrite inhalants, not one substance, so Japanese law answers for the nitrite in the bottle. The designated substances ordinance lists six...
PregabalinPregabalin is not a controlled substance in Japan. Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid, a 3-substituted gamma-aminobutyric acid; it has no ring system of the kinds the generic...
PsilocybinPsilocybin is a 麻薬, a narcotic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第一第七十七号. The entry is 「三―〔(二―ジメチルアミノ)エチル〕―インドール―四―イルリン酸エステル(別名サイロシビン)及びその塩類」 at...
QuetiapineQuetiapine is not a controlled substance in Japan. Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine and has none of the skeletons the generic clauses describe. It is listed as a 医療用医薬品 for...
Salvia divinorumSalvia divinorum material in a form ready for use on the body is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物 product, a designated substance product, allowed only for the 医療等の用途 that the...
Scopolamine (Devil's Breath)Scopolamine is not a controlled substance in Japan. Scopolamine, also called hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid; cocaine, a tropane narcotic, is reached only by its own ecgonine...
Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice)In Japan, for a given compound the exposure is that of a narcotic where it is named in the Cabinet Order's 第一条, and of a designated substance otherwise, and the reader should...
THC-PTHC-P is listed in Japan as a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act, which allows it only for the 医療等の用途 that the ordinance lists. It is reached by the...
TobaccoTobacco is not a controlled substance in Japan and is not governed by drug law at all. It is governed by the たばこ事業法, whose 第二条第三号 defines 製造たばこ as tobacco leaf products...
TramadolTramadol is not a controlled substance in Japan. The Narcotics Control Department says so in terms on its traveller page: «※TORAMADOL is not a narcotic.» Its metabolite...
Xanax (Alprazolam)Alprazolam is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is...
XylazineXylazine is not a controlled substance in Japan. It is a veterinary medicine: the official veterinary medicines database run by the National Veterinary Assay Laboratory lists...
ZolpidemZolpidem is a 向精神薬, a psychotropic, designated by Cabinet Order in Japan under 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法別表第三第十一号. The entry is 「N・N・六―トリメチル―二―パラ―トリルイミダゾ[一・二―a]ピリジン―三―アセタミド(別名ゾルピデム)及びその塩類」 at...

Sources

Statute text on this page is quoted from the copies linked above. Last verified October 8, 2026.

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