Legal status in Spain

Per-substance legal status for Spain, from sourced statutes where available. Legal information, not legal advice — drug laws change; confirm with the destination’s embassy or drug authority before you travel.

Last updated: 2026-07-14

1P-LSD

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

2-FDCK

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

25I-NBOMe

Legal status: 25I-NBOMe is a controlled psychotropic substance in Spain, subjected to EU-wide control by Council Implementing Decision 2014/688/EU (25 September 2014) and listed in Schedule I of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances in March 2015.
Consequences if caught: Trafficking is a criminal offence carrying imprisonment; personal use or possession in public spaces is a serious administrative offence under the Citizens' Security Law.
If prescribed / medical: No authorised medical use; not available on prescription.
Documentation: Council Implementing Decision 2014/688/EU (25 Sept 2014); 1971 Convention Schedule I.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

2C-B

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

2C-E

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

2C-I

Legal status: 2C-I is a controlled psychotropic substance in Spain, controlled after 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine was named for EU-wide control by Council Decision 2003/847/JHA (27 Nov 2003).
Consequences if caught: Personal use and possession in public are administrative offences drawing fines; production, supply and trafficking are criminal offences under the Penal Code.
If prescribed / medical: No authorised therapeutic or prescription use.
Documentation: Spanish controlled psychotropic substances list implementing Council Decision 2003/847/JHA of 27 November 2003.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

2C-T-7

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

3-MMC

Legal status: 3-MMC (3-methylmethcathinone) is a controlled psychotropic, brought under national control via EU Delegated Directive (EU) 2022/1326 (transposition deadline 18 Feb 2023) alongside its 1971 Convention Schedule II status; unlike the 2010–12 mephedrone measures, 3-MMC control here dates to this 2022–23 wave.
Consequences if caught: Controlled-psychotropic offences: trafficking is a criminal offence carrying imprisonment; personal-use possession is primarily an administrative sanction. Non-death-penalty jurisdiction.
If prescribed / medical: No recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route.
Documentation: No lawful personal-import route for a controlled psychotropic.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

4-AcO-DMT

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

4-HO-MET

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad)

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

6-APB

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)

Legal status: Neither 7-hydroxymitragynine nor kratom appears on any Spanish narcotics/psychotropics list: 7-OH, a kratom alkaloid, is absent from the AEMPS lists, so it shares the plant's un-controlled status — legal to possess but not marketable for human consumption.
Consequences if caught: No controlled-substance penalty attaches to the alkaloid; only food/consumer-marketing restrictions apply to kratom.
If prescribed / medical: No AEMPS-authorised kratom or alkaloid medicine exists; there is no prescription product.
Documentation: No narcotics import controls apply; personal carry is limited only by marketing restrictions.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Adderall

Legal status: Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts) has no separate legal identity — it is regulated AS amphetamine: psychotropic substance, Lista II (1971 Convention) under Ley 17/1967 and RD 2829/1977 (AEMPS).
Consequences if caught: Public possession/use: administrative fine (LO 4/2015); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Available on prescription; carry a Schengen Art. 75 certificate for personal supply.
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Alcohol

Legal status: Legal — alcohol (ethanol) is a licensed, age-regulated commodity, not a controlled drug; minimum purchase and consumption age 18 nationwide.
Consequences if caught: No penalty for adult consumption; regional botellón (public street-drinking) bans carry administrative fines, and sale to minors is penalised.
If prescribed / medical: n/a — a beverage, not a medicine.
Documentation: Openly sold on proof of age; no traveller permit required.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Amanita muscaria

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Amphetamine

Legal status: Psychotropic substance, Lista II (1971 Convention) under Ley 17/1967 and RD 2829/1977 (AEMPS).
Consequences if caught: Public possession/use: administrative fine (LO 4/2015); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Available on prescription; carry a Schengen Art. 75 certificate for personal supply.
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Amyl Nitrite

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Ayahuasca

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Barbiturates

Legal status: Barbiturates are psychotropic substances under Real Decreto 2829/1977 (transposing the 1971 Convention) — a class scheduled by compound tier (amobarbital/pentobarbital in List III, phenobarbital/barbital in List IV); an ordinary medical prescription applies.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession or use is an administrative offence (LO 4/2015 fine); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Phenobarbital is dispensed as a listed antiepileptic (a WHO Essential Medicine) on ordinary prescription; the higher-tier barbiturates (secobarbital/pentobarbital/amobarbital) are now rarely dispensed.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate and your prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Benzodiazepines

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Buprenorphine

Legal status: Buprenorphine is a controlled narcotic under Ley 17/1967 (estupefacientes list) but in a lighter access tier than methadone; buprenorphine-naloxone is office-prescribable.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession or use is an administrative offence (LO 4/2015 fine); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed for opioid-substitution treatment via accredited centres and, increasingly, primary care; take-home doses permitted.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate (AEMPS-issued) and the prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Caffeine

Legal status: Caffeine is legal everywhere as an ordinary food and beverage ingredient; the notable status in Spain is the EU-wide mandatory high-caffeine warning label. Under Annex III of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011, directly applicable in Spain, drinks containing more than 150 mg of caffeine per litre (other than coffee- or tea-based drinks) must bear “High caffeine content. Not recommended for children or pregnant or breast-feeding women” with the caffeine quantity in mg per 100 ml.
Consequences if caught: No penalty attaches to ordinary caffeinated foods, drinks or coffee; obligations fall on food businesses, with official food-safety enforcement of the mandatory high-caffeine labelling rather than any consumer offence.
If prescribed / medical: n/a — a food ingredient
Documentation: Ordinary caffeinated products need no documentation; drinks above 150 mg/L must carry the prescribed “High caffeine content” statement and quantified caffeine declaration.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Cannabis / THC

Legal status: Private personal use decriminalised; sale illegal; medical cannabis legal under strict conditions (2021 regulations)
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). Cannabis is named among the controlled substances; as a substance not causing serious harm, trafficking carries 1–3 years (aggravated 6–9). Sale is illegal, and cannabis social clubs operate in a legal grey area.
If prescribed / medical: Medical cannabis is legal only under strict conditions (July 2021 regulations); carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate for controlled medicines.
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Cathinone

Legal status: Controlled — cathinone (khat's natural principal alkaloid) is a 1971 Convention SCHEDULE I psychotropic and sits in Spain's most-restricted controlled-substances list (Lista I of psychotropics, RD 2829/1977 as amended). Mechanism: 1971 Sch-I transposition, named. As the parent compound it is DISTINCT from the khat PLANT (Catha edulis leaf, not scheduled by name and caught only via its cathinone content) and from the synthetic cathinones (mephedrone etc., separately listed) that derive from it; cathinone is the named Sch-I alkaloid, cathine the milder Schedule-III metabolite.
Consequences if caught: Lista I psychotropic: trafficking of the pure alkaloid under Código Penal art. 368; personal use/possession in public an administrative sanction. No death penalty in Spain.
If prescribed / medical: 1971 Schedule I psychotropic with no accepted medical use and no lawful prescription route for the isolated alkaloid.
Documentation: No licit personal-import route for a Lista I psychotropic.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

CBD

Legal status: CBD (cannabidiol) for ingestion is not authorised as a consumer product (unapproved Novel Food); only hemp-seed-derived topical/cosmetic use is recognised, and cannabis-extract CBD in cosmetics is not permitted.
Consequences if caught: Ingestible CBD is sold in a grey market subject to AEMPS/health-authority withdrawal, while CBD flower is treated as cannabis (a narcotic).
If prescribed / medical: Cannabidiol is available through standardised magistral pharmacy preparations under Royal Decree 903/2025 (7 Oct 2025) via an AEMPS registry, with preparations over 0.2% THC facing additional controls.
Documentation: No paperwork legalises ingestible CBD as a consumer product; medicinal CBD requires a prescription for an AEMPS-registered magistral preparation.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Clonazepam

Legal status: Clonazepam is a List IV psychotropic (1971 Convention) under Real Decreto 2829/1977 — an ordinary medical prescription applies.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession or use is an administrative offence (LO 4/2015 fine); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed on ordinary prescription; the pharmacist records the buyer's DNI for List II–IV psychotropics.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate and your prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Cocaine

Legal status: Controlled drug — private personal use decriminalised; public possession an administrative offence; trafficking a crime
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious. Cocaine is named among the substances causing serious harm (3–6 year trafficking band).
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed narcotics/psychotropics may be carried with a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Codeine

Legal status: Low-dose codeine combination analgesics remain available OTC through pharmacist sale in Spanish pharmacies; higher-strength codeine is prescription-only. Codeine is controlled under the estupefaciente/narcotics framework at higher strengths.
Consequences if caught: Licensed pharmacy sale and prescribed use are lawful; trafficking or diversion is penalised under the narcotics law (Codigo Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Low-dose combinations are sold over the pharmacy counter; higher-strength codeine is dispensed on prescription.
Documentation: Carry the medicine in original packaging with a prescription for higher strengths; within Schengen the Article 75 certificate applies.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Crack Cocaine

Legal status: Crack is the freebase (base) form of cocaine and has no separate legal identity in Spain: it is controlled AS cocaine, a listed narcotic whose scheduling covers cocaine, its salts and preparations and thus reaches the base/freebase form. As with powder cocaine, private personal use is decriminalised, public possession is an administrative offence, and trafficking is a crime.
Consequences if caught: Public possession or consumption of crack (as cocaine) is an administrative offence with fines (LO 4/2015 Art 36); trafficking is a crime under Penal Code Arts 368-378 (up to 6-9 years for hard drugs).
If prescribed / medical: Cocaine has only marginal controlled medical use in Spain; the crack/freebase base has no medicinal preparation and cannot be prescribed.
Documentation: No prescription or patient documentation exists for crack/freebase cocaine.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Delta-8-THC

Legal status: Controlled — delta-8-THC (Δ8-THC) is caught as a tetrahydrocannabinol under the Ley 17/1967 de Estupefacientes and the 1971 Convention lists Spain transposes (Schedule I lists tetrahydrocannabinols and their isomers), so delta-8 is controlled as an isomer of THC. Distinct from cannabis (private personal use decriminalised) and from lawful hemp CBD; consumer delta-8 sale is not lawful. No death penalty.
Consequences if caught: Trafficking is criminal (prison); personal use/possession in public is an administrative sanction under the Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana.
If prescribed / medical: No recognised medical use; delta-8-THC is not a prescribable medicine.
Documentation: No lawful personal import of a controlled tetrahydrocannabinol.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Diazepam

Legal status: Diazepam is a List IV psychotropic (1971 Convention) under Real Decreto 2829/1977 — an ordinary medical prescription applies.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession or use is an administrative offence (LO 4/2015 fine); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed on ordinary prescription; the pharmacist records the buyer's DNI for List II–IV psychotropics.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate and your prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

DMT

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

DOM

Legal status: DOM (STP) is controlled as a List I psychotropic substance under the 1971 UN Convention as applied in Spain (the Convention schedules were published in the BOE and given effect by Real Decreto 2829/1977), reflecting DOM's individual Schedule I listing.
Consequences if caught: Trafficking is a criminal offence under Arts. 368-370 of the Penal Code; personal use or possession in public places is an administrative offence under Ley Organica 4/2015.
If prescribed / medical: List I: no accepted therapeutic use; not prescribable.
Documentation: Convenio de 1971 sobre sustancias sicotropicas, Lista I (anexo publicado en el BOE); Real Decreto 2829/1977.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

DXM

Legal status: Over-the-counter medicine sold without prescription (sin receta). Single-ingredient dextromethorphan (DXM) oral solutions are AEMPS-authorised non-prescription antitussives for dry cough in adults and adolescents (from 12 years); DXM is not on the estupefacientes/psicótropos control lists.
Consequences if caught: No controlled-substance offence for DXM; unauthorised or unlicensed sale is a medicines-regulatory matter under AEMPS oversight.
If prescribed / medical: Cough-suppressant status: OTC (sin receta) — available in pharmacies without a prescription.
Documentation: Travellers can buy DXM cough medicine over the counter in Spanish pharmacies.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Ephedrine

Legal status: Regulated as a chemical PRECURSOR (1988 UN Convention Table I — a methamphetamine precursor), NOT as a scheduled narcotic; pure ephedrine is a Category 1 scheduled substance under Ley 3/1996 (AEMPS); NOT an estupefaciente/psicótropo. Also a medicine.
Consequences if caught: Illegal diversion/trafficking of the controlled precursor is prosecuted under Código Penal art. 371 — a precursor offence separate from the narcotics-trafficking articles.
If prescribed / medical: Also a pharmacy/prescription decongestant-bronchodilator medicine subject to sales limits; carry documentation for a personal supply.
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Etizolam

Legal status: Etizolam is a List IV psychotropic (Real Decreto 2829/1977; CND Decision 63/13); there is no AEMPS-authorised etizolam product.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession is an administrative fine; trafficking is criminal.
If prescribed / medical: No AEMPS-authorised etizolam medicine exists.
Documentation: No lawful personal-import route for an unauthorised psychotropic.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Fentanyl

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Gabapentin

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

GBL

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

GHB

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Heroin

Legal status: Controlled drug — private personal use decriminalised; public possession an administrative offence; trafficking a crime
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious. Heroin is named among the substances causing serious harm (3–6 year trafficking band).
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed narcotics/psychotropics may be carried with a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

HHC

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Hydrocodone

Legal status: Hydrocodone is an estupefaciente in Lista I under Ley 17/1967 (1961 Convention), dispensed on an official narcotics prescription; it is not marketed in Spain but sits in the same estupefaciente strong-opioid tier as morphine and oxycodone — left to confirmation.
Consequences if caught: Personal use or possession is an administrative (public-order) sanction; trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368, roughly 3–6+ years).
If prescribed / medical: No marketed Spanish hydrocodone product; an estupefaciente opioid is dispensed only on the official narcotics prescription (receta de estupefacientes).
Documentation: Within Schengen carry the Article 75 certificate (AEMPS-issued) for up to a 30-day supply.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Ketamine

Legal status: Controlled psychotropic substance — added to the medicinal-psychotropics list under Real Decreto 2829/1977 by Orden SAS/2712/2010 (13 Oct 2010).
Consequences if caught: Recreational possession and supply are unlawful, penalised under the psychotropics regime and the drug-trafficking articles of the Código Penal.
If prescribed / medical: Legal for medical/anaesthetic use under prescription and medical supervision.
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Khat

Legal status: Khat (Catha edulis) — controlled (grey zone for the leaf). PLANT NOT specifically scheduled by name; control attaches to the ALKALOIDS cathinone/cathine via Spain's controlled-substances lists (1971 Convention). Fresh leaf is caught in practice because it contains Schedule-I cathinone. Mechanism: alkaloid/class; plant unnamed.
Consequences if caught: Leaf is seized and traffickers prosecuted on its cathinone content (multi-tonne seizures at Barcelona port); personal-possession status is legally ambiguous but treated as controlled.
If prescribed / medical: Khat is traditional plant material with no recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route.
Documentation: No lawful personal-import route for the leaf; caught via its cathinone content and seized on import.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Kratom

Legal status: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is not controlled in Spain — it is absent from the AEMPS narcotic and psychotropic lists, and neither mitragynine nor 7-hydroxymitragynine appears on them; it is legal to possess but cannot be marketed for human consumption.
Consequences if caught: No drug-law penalty for personal possession; marketing it for human consumption is restricted under food and consumer-safety rules.
If prescribed / medical: Not a scheduled medicine — no prescription requirement; it is not an AEMPS-authorised product.
Documentation: Personal possession is not a controlled-substance offence; carry a reasonable personal quantity.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Lorazepam

Legal status: Lorazepam is a List IV psychotropic (1971 Convention) under Real Decreto 2829/1977 — an ordinary medical prescription applies.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession or use is an administrative offence (LO 4/2015 fine); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed on ordinary prescription; the pharmacist records the buyer's DNI for List II–IV psychotropics.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate and your prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

LSA (Morning Glory)

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

LSD

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

MDA

Legal status: Controlled — MDA is a psicotropico on Lista I of the 1971 Convention as transposed into Spanish law (Real Decreto / Convenio de 1971, anexo I). NAMED mechanism.
Consequences if caught: Trafficking penalised under Codigo Penal art. 368 (prison plus fine); personal possession an administrative offence.
If prescribed / medical: Lista I psychotropic with no recognised medical use; no lawful prescription route.
Documentation: No lawful personal import of a Lista I substance.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

MDMA

Legal status: Controlled drug — private personal use decriminalised; public possession an administrative offence; trafficking a crime
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious. MDMA/ecstasy is among the named controlled substances.
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed narcotics/psychotropics may be carried with a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

MDPV

Legal status: Controlled as a psychotropic substance. MDPV is a 1971 Convention Schedule II psychotropic and was subjected to control across Spain by EU Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/1875 (control by 2 Oct 2015); the specific national real-decreto listing is left to confirmation.
Consequences if caught: Illegal as a controlled psychotropic; trafficking prosecuted under the Codigo Penal, personal possession subject to administrative sanction. No death penalty.
If prescribed / medical: MDPV has no recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route in Spain.
Documentation: No lawful personal-import route for a controlled psychotropic; do not carry.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Memantine

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Mephedrone (4-MMC)

Legal status: Controlled — NAMED. Mephedrone is individually added to Lista I of psychotropic substances (Real Decreto amending RD 2829/1977) in Feb 2011, implementing EU Council Decision 2010/759/EU.
Consequences if caught: Lista I psicótropo: trafficking prosecuted under Código Penal art. 368; personal use/possession in public an administrative sanction. No death penalty in Spain.
If prescribed / medical: Lista I psychotropic with no recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route.
Documentation: No licit personal-import route for a Lista I psychotropic.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Mescaline

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Methadone

Legal status: Methadone is a narcotic in List I of the 1961 Convention under Ley 17/1967 (lista de estupefacientes) — full narcotic control on an official narcotics prescription.
Consequences if caught: Personal use is an administrative sanction; trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368, roughly 3–6+ years).
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed for OST via accredited centres and increasingly primary care (take-home permitted).
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate (AEMPS-issued) and your prescription; confirm requirements for non-EU trips.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Methamphetamine

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Methaqualone (Quaaludes)

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Methylone

Legal status: Controlled as a psychotropic (Anexo I, 1971 lists) — methylone is individually NAMED among the synthetic cathinones added by Real Decreto 1194/2011, reinforced by 1971 Convention Schedule II (2015). No death penalty.
Consequences if caught: Trafficking is criminal (prison); personal use/possession in public is an administrative sanction.
If prescribed / medical: No recognised medical use; no lawful prescription route.
Documentation: No lawful personal import of a controlled psychotropic.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Methylphenidate

Legal status: Psychotropic substance, Lista II (1971 Convention), under RD 2829/1977 (AEMPS).
Consequences if caught: Public possession/use: administrative fine; trafficking criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Prescription ADHD/narcolepsy medicine (e.g. Ritalin/Concerta) via controlled channels; carry the original prescription and any required import permit.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Mitragynine

Legal status: Neither mitragynine nor kratom appears on any Spanish narcotics/psychotropics list: mitragynine, the principal alkaloid of kratom, is absent from the AEMPS lists, so as a kratom alkaloid it shares the plant's un-controlled status — legal to possess but not marketable for human consumption.
Consequences if caught: No controlled-substance penalty attaches to the alkaloid; only food/consumer-marketing restrictions apply to kratom.
If prescribed / medical: No AEMPS-authorised kratom or alkaloid medicine exists; there is no prescription product.
Documentation: No narcotics import controls apply; personal carry is limited only by marketing restrictions.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Modafinil

Legal status: Prescription-only medicine (AEMPS) — NOT on the estupefacientes/psicótropos control lists.
Consequences if caught: Prescription-medicine offence only.
If prescribed / medical: Prescription-only medicine; carry the original prescription for a personal supply.
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Morphine

Legal status: Morphine is an estupefaciente in List I under Ley 17/1967 (1961 Convention) — dispensed on an official narcotics prescription (receta oficial de estupefacientes).
Consequences if caught: Personal use is an administrative public-order sanction; trafficking 3 to 6+ years under Article 368 of the Penal Code.
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed as a List I estupefaciente for severe and cancer pain on an official narcotics prescription.
Documentation: Within Schengen carry the AEMPS-issued Article 75 certificate for up to 30 days.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

MXE

Legal status: MXE (methoxetamine) is controlled throughout the EU, and thus in Spain, under Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/1875 (8 October 2015), which required member states to subject MXE to control measures and criminal penalties; Spain incorporates it into its psychotropic-substances control framework.
Consequences if caught: Trafficking and supply of a controlled substance such as MXE are criminal offences carrying imprisonment; personal possession in public is primarily an administrative sanction under the Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana, as with other controlled drugs.
If prescribed / medical: MXE has no authorised medicinal use in Spain and is not prescribable; it is a substance of abuse with no clinical indication.
Documentation: No legal supply channel exists; MXE purchased online is an illicit import liable to seizure by customs.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Nicotine

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Nitrous Oxide

Legal status: Nitrous oxide is not scheduled as a controlled narcotic in Spain; it is regulated as an authorised medical/anaesthetic gas and as food additive E942, and — unlike the Netherlands and France — has not been placed under a national recreational-supply ban, the EU drugs agency (EUDA) noting that most member states leave nitrous oxide legally available for medical, food and industrial use.
Consequences if caught: No controlled-drug penalty attaches to personal possession; recreational sale is addressed through consumer-safety and public-order measures rather than narcotics law. No death penalty (non-DP).
If prescribed / medical: Nitrous oxide is a lawful medical/anaesthetic gas and food additive; medical and culinary supply is unrestricted as such.
Documentation: Cream chargers and cylinders are legally available for food and industrial use; there is no controlled-drug import barrier for genuine legitimate use.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Oxycodone

Legal status: Oxycodone (oxicodona) is an estupefaciente in Lista I under Ley 17/1967 (1961 Convention), dispensed on the official narcotics prescription (receta oficial de estupefacientes) — a marketed strong opioid.
Consequences if caught: Personal use or possession in public is an administrative sanction (LO 4/2015); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368, roughly 3–6 years).
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed on the official estupefaciente prescription.
Documentation: Within Schengen carry the Article 75 certificate (≤30 days), issued by AEMPS, with the prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

PCP

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Peyote

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Phenibut

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Pink Cocaine / Tusi

Legal status: Pink cocaine (tusi) is not scheduled as such; it is a variable mixture (typically ketamine + MDMA) prosecuted through its constituents — Spain controls MDMA as a prohibited drug and ketamine as a medicinal psychotropic under Real Decreto 2829/1977, and drug law reaches any preparation containing them. Because the blend varies batch to batch, exposure follows the most-severely-controlled component detected.
Consequences if caught: Public possession is an administrative offence (fine under Ley Orgánica 4/2015) while private personal use is decriminalised; trafficking of any constituent is a crime under Penal Code Arts 368–378.
If prescribed / medical: No lawful supply of the mixture; ketamine is a controlled medicinal psychotropic, whereas MDMA has no marketed medical use.
Documentation: Sold as a nightlife powder of unknown composition; because the blend varies batch to batch, buyers cannot know which controlled substance is present, so legal exposure is unknowable at purchase.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Poppers

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Pregabalin

Legal status: Pregabalin is a prescription-only medicine (medicamento sujeto a receta médica) in Spain and is NOT scheduled as an estupefaciente or psicótropo — like gabapentin, it is dispensed as an ordinary prescription medicine rather than a controlled substance.
Consequences if caught: Supply without authorisation is an offence; possession outside a prescription is treated as an ordinary medicines matter, not a controlled-substance crime.
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed on an ordinary medical prescription (not a controlled-substance prescription).
Documentation: Carry the original prescription; no controlled-substance import certificate is required because pregabalin is not an estupefaciente.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Psilocybin

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Quetiapine

Legal status: Quetiapine is an authorised prescription medicine (medicamento sujeto a prescripcion medica), not a controlled substance: Seroquel and quetiapine generics hold AEMPS marketing authorisation and do not appear on the estupefacientes/psicotropos lists.
Consequences if caught: Quetiapine attracts no controlled-substance penalty; unauthorised supply of this prescription medicine is a medicines-regulation matter, not a trafficking offence.
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed as an atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; the AEMPS ficha tecnica restricts initiation above 300 mg to prescribers experienced in bipolar treatment.
Documentation: Seroquel and quetiapine products are registered in the AEMPS CIMA database with published fichas tecnicas; carried lawfully with a prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Salvia divinorum

Legal status: Restricted (sale prohibited), not scheduled as a narcotic. Salvia divinorum is named in Orden SCO/190/2004, the official list of plants whose sale to the public is prohibited on grounds of toxicity, effective 2004; salvia is therefore banned from public sale, but it is not listed as a controlled psychotropic and simple possession or ornamental cultivation is not criminalised. Mechanism: NAMED plant on the toxic-plant sale-prohibition list (regulatory, not criminal drug law).
Consequences if caught: Selling salvia divinorum to the public is unlawful and product is subject to withdrawal/seizure; because the plant is not on the narcotics schedules, personal possession is not a criminal drug offence.
If prescribed / medical: Salvia has no authorised medicinal use; its sale to the public for medicinal purposes is specifically prohibited under the toxic-plants order.
Documentation: No lawful public-sale channel for salvia leaf/extract in Spain; commercial supply to consumers is prohibited by the toxic-plants order.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Scopolamine (Devil's Breath)

Legal status: Scopolamine (hyoscine) — escopolamina (hioscina) is an authorised medicine, not a controlled substance: it is not listed in the estupefacientes/psicótropos tables. Injectable escopolamina hidrobromuro (anaesthetic premedication) is a prescription medicine, while butilescopolamina (Buscapina) is an over-the-counter pharmacy antispasmodic registered with the AEMPS.
Consequences if caught: Escopolamina attracts no narcotics penalty; unauthorised supply of the prescription form is a medicines-law matter, not a trafficking offence.
If prescribed / medical: Escopolamina hidrobromuro (tertiary amine that crosses the blood-brain barrier) is used as anaesthetic premedication under prescription; Buscapina (butilescopolamina, a quaternary salt) is sold OTC for gastrointestinal, biliary and urinary spasm.
Documentation: Buscapina and escopolamina products are entered in the AEMPS CIMA database; carried lawfully (Buscapina OTC; injectable escopolamina with a prescription).

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice)

Legal status: Controlled as psychotropic substances. Spain controls synthetic cannabinoids through the psychotropic tables of Real Decreto 2829/1977 as updated to incorporate the synthetic cannabinoids added to Schedule II of the 1971 Convention (JWH-018 and AM-2201 from 2015, MDMB-CHMICA and XLR-11 from 2017, AB-CHMINACA and related compounds 2018-2020); the EUDA records synthetic cannabinoids as the largest group of new psychoactive substances controlled across EU member states.
Consequences if caught: Illegal as controlled psychotropics; trafficking prosecuted under the Codigo Penal, personal possession subject to administrative sanction. No death penalty.
If prescribed / medical: These synthetic cannabinoids have no recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route in Spain.
Documentation: No lawful personal-import route for controlled psychotropics; do not carry.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

THC-P

Legal status: THC-P (tetrahydrocannabiphorol) is a controlled psychotropic substance — 'tetrahidrocannabiforol (delta-9-THCP; THCP)', together with delta-8-THCP and THCP-O (and HHC/HHCP family compounds), was added to List II of the annex to Real Decreto 2829/1977 by Orden SND/380/2025 (published in the BOE on 22 April 2025), in force 23 April 2025. This diverges from cannabis, whose private personal use is decriminalised; THC-P is now subject to psychotropic-control offences. No death penalty.
Consequences if caught: Commercialisation and trafficking of a listed psychotropic are criminal under Arts 368–378 of the Código Penal (imprisonment scaled by quantity and harm); personal possession/use in public is an administrative offence under the Ley Orgánica 4/2015.
If prescribed / medical: No therapeutic use recognised; List II status without an authorised medicine leaves no prescription route.
Documentation: Retail sale and supply of THC-P became unlawful from 23 April 2025; no lawful consumer market. Do not import.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Tobacco

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Spain's authorities (BOE statutes) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). This specific substance was not named by the reachable Spanish sources (Ley Orgánica 4/2015 / Código Penal) — verify before travel. Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Tramadol

Legal status: Tramadol is a prescription-only medicine (receta médica) in Spain and is deliberately NOT scheduled as an estupefaciente or psicótropo — the Ministry of Health explicitly excluded it from narcotic/psychotropic fiscalización.
Consequences if caught: Supply without authorisation is an offence; possession outside a prescription is treated as an ordinary medicines matter rather than a controlled-substance crime.
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed on an ordinary medical prescription (not a controlled-substance prescription).
Documentation: Carry the original prescription; no controlled-substance import certificate is needed because tramadol is not an estupefaciente.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Xanax (Alprazolam)

Legal status: Alprazolam is a List IV psychotropic (1971 Convention) under Real Decreto 2829/1977 — an ordinary medical prescription applies.
Consequences if caught: Personal possession or use is an administrative offence (LO 4/2015 fine); trafficking is criminal (Código Penal art. 368).
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed on ordinary prescription; the pharmacist records the buyer's DNI for List II–IV psychotropics.
Documentation: Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate and your prescription.

Source · Updated 2026-07-13

Xylazine

Legal status: Xylazine (xilacina) is authorised in Spain as a prescription veterinary medicine (medicamento veterinario sujeto a prescripción veterinaria) registered with the AEMPS in the CIMAVET database; it is regulated under veterinary-medicines law and is not listed as an estupefaciente or psicótropo controlled human drug.
Consequences if caught: Supply of xylazine outside the veterinary prescription channel is a medicines-regulation breach rather than a narcotics offence, since it is not a controlled human substance.
If prescribed / medical: Dispensed only against a veterinary prescription for sedation/analgesia in horses, cattle, dogs and cats; no human authorisation for xylazine exists.
Documentation: Xylazine products such as XILAGESIC 20 mg/ml solución inyectable hold AEMPS marketing authorisation and appear in the CIMAVET veterinary-medicines register.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Zolpidem

Legal status: Zolpidem is a controlled psychotropic prescription medicine in Spain, listed in Lista IV of the psychotropic-substances regime that transposes the 1971 Convention Schedule IV inclusion of zolpidem.
Consequences if caught: Unauthorised trafficking of this listed hypnotic is an offence under Spain's controlled-substances law; personal possession of a prescribed medicine is treated as a medicines rather than a hard-drug matter.
If prescribed / medical: Zolpidem is prescribed short-term for insomnia as a psychotropic medicine subject to special prescription and record-keeping controls.
Documentation: A traveller should carry the prescription; as a Schedule IV psychotropic, personal import/export for treatment is allowed within personal-use limits.

Source · Updated 2026-07-14

Drug laws and enforcement change and vary by country. This is not legal advice. Always confirm with the destination’s embassy or official drug authority before traveling — penalties can be severe, including imprisonment.

Before you travel

Verify current rules with the destination country’s official drug authorityand your own country’s embassy before traveling. Find the destination’s U.S. embassy & official country guidance →
Non-U.S. travelers: check your own government’s travel advisory and embassy.

If you’re detained or arrested abroad

Contact your own country’s embassy or consulatein the destination immediately — notthe destination’s authorities. U.S. citizens: contact the nearest U.S. embassy/consulate and the U.S. State Department at +1-202-501-4444 (from abroad). If a U.S. citizen is arrested or detained abroad →

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