Legal status in Myanmar

Per-substance legal status for Myanmar, from sourced statutes where available. Legal information, not legal advice; drug laws change, so confirm with the destination’s embassy or drug authority before you travel.

81 confirmed substances7 not individually verifiedLast updated October 5, 2026

Confirmed legal status

1P-LSD

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 1P-LSD was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 1P-LSD on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 1P-LSD was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 1P-LSD is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 1P-LSD under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 1P-LSD in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 1P-LSD, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 1P-LSD among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 1P-LSD reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 1P-LSD, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 1P-LSD: none established in either notification. The current list names LSD itself but not 1P-LSD, and the added propionyl group makes 1P-LSD a different molecule; no analogue clause was found that automatically extends the LSD entry to it. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 1P-LSD: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

1P-LSD in Myanmar, full detail →

2-FDCK

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 2-FDCK was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 2-FDCK on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 2-FDCK was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 2-FDCK is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 2-FDCK under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 2-FDCK in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 2-FDCK, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 2-FDCK among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 2-FDCK reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 2-FDCK, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 2-FDCK: none established in either notification. The notification names ketamine but not 2-fluorodeschloroketamine, and the fluorinated deschloro structure is not the chemical name printed against the ketamine entry. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 2-FDCK: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

2-FDCK in Myanmar, full detail →

25I-NBOMe

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. 25I-NBOMe is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and 25I-NBOMe has been so declared. The list entry reads "25I-NBOMe", with the chemical name 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». 25I-NBOMe is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for 25I-NBOMe. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for 25I-NBOMe in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of 25I-NBOMe is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying 25I-NBOMe lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 25I-NBOMe: Notification 25/2025, List 1. The 2025 psychotropic notification identifies 25I-NBOMe by its own name and chemical structure in List 1, so its control is direct rather than inferred from another NBOMe. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 25I-NBOMe: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

25I-NBOMe in Myanmar, full detail →

2C-B

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. 2C-B is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and 2C-B has been so declared. The list entry reads "2C-B", with the chemical name 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». 2C-B is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for 2C-B. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for 2C-B in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of 2C-B is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying 2C-B lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 2C-B: Notification 25/2025, List 2. The current List 2 expressly prints 2C-B and its 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine structure, which resolves the substance without extending control to other 2C compounds. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 2C-B: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

2C-B in Myanmar, full detail →

2C-E

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 2C-E was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 2C-E on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 2C-E was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 2C-E is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 2C-E under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 2C-E in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 2C-E, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 2C-E among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 2C-E reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 2C-E, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 2C-E: none established in either notification. Myanmar’s current psychotropic notification names 2C-B but not 2C-E, and no open 2C-family clause was located that converts the ethyl analogue into the bromo compound. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 2C-E: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

2C-E in Myanmar, full detail →

2C-I

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 2C-I was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 2C-I on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 2C-I was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 2C-I is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 2C-I under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 2C-I in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 2C-I, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 2C-I among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 2C-I reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 2C-I, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 2C-I: none established in either notification. The list’s exact 2C-B entry does not name 2C-I, whose iodine substitution is chemically different, and no generic 2C analogue provision was recovered. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 2C-I: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

2C-I in Myanmar, full detail →

2C-T-7

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 2C-T-7 was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 2C-T-7 on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 2C-T-7 was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 2C-T-7 is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 2C-T-7 under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 2C-T-7 in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 2C-T-7, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 2C-T-7 among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 2C-T-7 reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 2C-T-7, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 2C-T-7: none established in either notification. 2C-T-7 is absent from the current four psychotropic lists, while 2C-B is specifically named; the thioether analogue is not treated as the listed bromo molecule. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 2C-T-7: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

2C-T-7 in Myanmar, full detail →

3-MMC

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. 3-MMC is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and 3-MMC has been so declared. The list entry reads "3-Methyl methcathinone", with the chemical name 2-(methylamino)-1-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-one.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». 3-MMC is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for 3-MMC. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for 3-MMC in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of 3-MMC is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying 3-MMC lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 3-MMC: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Notification 25/2025 expressly names 3-Methyl methcathinone, correcting any older Myanmar cell that treated 3-MMC as merely unverified. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 3-MMC: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

3-MMC in Myanmar, full detail →

4-AcO-DMT

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 4-AcO-DMT was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 4-AcO-DMT on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 4-AcO-DMT was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 4-AcO-DMT is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 4-AcO-DMT under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 4-AcO-DMT in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 4-AcO-DMT, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 4-AcO-DMT among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 4-AcO-DMT reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 4-AcO-DMT, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 4-AcO-DMT: none established in either notification. DMT is named in List 1, but 4-AcO-DMT is an acetoxy-substituted tryptamine not printed in the notification, and no analogue clause was found to bridge that difference. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 4-AcO-DMT: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

4-AcO-DMT in Myanmar, full detail →

4-HO-MET

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 4-HO-MET was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 4-HO-MET on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 4-HO-MET was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 4-HO-MET is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 4-HO-MET under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 4-HO-MET in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 4-HO-MET, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 4-HO-MET among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 4-HO-MET reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 4-HO-MET, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 4-HO-MET: none established in either notification. The list names DMT separately and names psilocin separately, but not 4-HO-MET, whose N-ethyl substitution differs from both, and no tryptamine catch-all was recovered. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 4-HO-MET: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

4-HO-MET in Myanmar, full detail →

5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad)

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 5-MeO-DMT was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 5-MeO-DMT on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 5-MeO-DMT was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 5-MeO-DMT is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 5-MeO-DMT under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 5-MeO-DMT in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 5-MeO-DMT, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 5-MeO-DMT among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 5-MeO-DMT reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 5-MeO-DMT, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 5-MeO-DMT: none established in either notification. The current list names DMT but not 5-MeO-DMT, and the 5-methoxy substitution is not part of the printed DMT chemical identity. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 5-MeO-DMT: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad) in Myanmar, full detail →

6-APB

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. 6-APB was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for 6-APB on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for 6-APB was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that 6-APB is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to 6-APB under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places 6-APB in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for 6-APB, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places 6-APB among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If 6-APB reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for 6-APB, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for 6-APB: none established in either notification. Notification 25/2025 names MDA and numerous other stimulants individually but does not name 6-APB; no benzofuran-group clause was found that reaches it automatically. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for 6-APB: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

6-APB in Myanmar, full detail →

Adderall

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar, and it is the contents of the capsule that decide it. Adderall is not a name in either notification. What Notification 25/2025 names, separately, in List 2, is amphetamine and dexamfetamine, and Adderall's active content is amphetamine salts, so it is controlled as the amphetamine it contains. Section 2(b) of the Law makes a psychotropic substance one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and it carries no limb reaching mixtures, so what has to be identified is the declared drug itself rather than the branded preparation.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares its active constituent, so section 20 reaches it through that constituent. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Adderall is not named in subsections (a) to (i); the 2018 entry for amphetamine type stimulants is gone, so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of amphetamine, the text not saying whether the gross weight of the product or its amphetamine content is what is weighed, is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for Adderall. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Adderall's active content is amphetamine salts, so subsection (j) reaches it through the amphetamine in the capsule rather than under its trade name. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Adderall. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Adderall and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Adderall with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds Adderall; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Adderall: Notification 25/2025, List 2, through its constituents. Adderall is not itself a list name. Its amphetamine salts answer to the expressly listed entries for amphetamine and for dexamfetamine, so the product is assessed through the controlled active ingredient it contains. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Adderall: Notification 25/2025, List 2, through its constituents · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Adderall in Myanmar, full detail →

Alcohol

Legal status: Outside the reach of Myanmar's narcotics law. Alcohol is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, and the Law only ever bites through those lists, so the narcotic and psychotropic regime does not govern it. Alcohol is regulated, where it is regulated, by other legislation that this cell does not cover.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read at myanmar-law-library.org on 21 September 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns entirely on a Ministry of Health notification, and that notification was not reached in this pass, so no capital provision is asserted for this row and none is ruled out. The Law's penalties do not apply to Alcohol. Section 16(c) at 5 to 10 years, section 19 at 10 years to an unlimited period and section 20 at 15 years to an unlimited period or death all take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, and Alcohol is neither under the instruments audited here. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Alcohol was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Alcohol is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Alcohol under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and Alcohol has never been declared by notification to be either one. Section 19 and its 10 years to an unlimited period are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. The definition in section 2 is closed. Status is conferred entirely by Ministry of Health notification, and the Act carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition anywhere in its 31 sections, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28, the medical and research exemption, has nothing to operate on for Alcohol, because an exemption only matters where a prohibition reached first and this Law's prohibitions never reach Alcohol. Any medical or licensing question about it belongs to a different regime entirely, and that regime was not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Alcohol, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a) makes a narcotic drug one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Alcohol: none, and none is expected, because it falls outside the subject matter of both notifications. Alcohol belongs to intoxicant and product law rather than to this Law, so reaching a death or life conclusion for it under the narcotics regime would be a category error. One limit on this cell is worth stating plainly. A further amending law, NDSC Law 17/2025, is reported to exist, and its text could not be obtained from any of the three routes tried. Nothing here is cited to it, and every section number and every quantity above is quoted from the 1993 Law as amended in 2018.

Alcohol in Myanmar, full detail →

Amanita muscaria

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Amanita muscaria was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Amanita muscaria on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Amanita muscaria was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Amanita muscaria is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Amanita muscaria under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Amanita muscaria in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Amanita muscaria, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Amanita muscaria among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Amanita muscaria reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Amanita muscaria, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Amanita muscaria: none established in either notification. Neither notification names Amanita muscaria, and neither names muscimol or ibotenic acid, so this reading of the narcotic and psychotropic lists does not attach sections 16, 19 or 20 to the mushroom itself. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Amanita muscaria: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Amanita muscaria in Myanmar, full detail →

Amphetamine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Amphetamine is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Amphetamine has been so declared. The list entry reads "AMPHETAMINE", with the chemical name (±)-α-methyl phenethylamine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Amphetamine is not named in subsections (a) to (i); the 2018 entry for amphetamine type stimulants is gone, so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for amphetamine. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Amphetamine. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Amphetamine and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Amphetamine with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds amphetamine; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Amphetamine: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Amphetamine is individually named in List 2, so the current notification supplies the designation that sections 2(b), 16, 19, 20 and 26 require. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Amphetamine: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Amphetamine in Myanmar, full detail →

Amyl Nitrite

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Amyl nitrite was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Amyl nitrite on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Amyl nitrite was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Amyl nitrite is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Amyl nitrite under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Amyl nitrite in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Amyl nitrite, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Amyl nitrite among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Amyl nitrite reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Amyl nitrite, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Amyl nitrite: none established in either notification. Amyl nitrite does not appear in the current narcotic or psychotropic notifications, and no alkyl-nitrite family entry was located in those lists. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Amyl nitrite: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Amyl Nitrite in Myanmar, full detail →

Ayahuasca

Legal status: Ayahuasca has no fixed recipe, so what it is in law depends on what is actually in the brew. That is a real answer rather than an evasion. The Law confers status one declared drug at a time, so what decides a case is DMT, which Notification 25/2025 names in List 1. Neither notification carries an entry under the name of the brew, so the answer has to be assembled from what a given preparation actually contains.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and for a class or a label the answer turns on which member or constituent is present, so no capital provision is asserted for the row as a whole. The band follows the constituent, not the label. Once the actual substance is identified, the ladder is the ordinary one: section 16(c) carries 5 to 10 years for possession, transportation, transmission and transfer, section 19 carries 10 years to life imprisonment where the purpose was sale, and section 20 carries 15 years to life imprisonment or death for production, distribution, sale, import and export. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The two definitions are not symmetrical, and for a preparation the asymmetry decides the question. Section 2(a)(ii) defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, so a mixture carrying a notified narcotic is itself caught even though the mixture's own name appears nowhere. Section 2(b) itself has no containing limb, but paragraph 2 of Notification 25/2025, as read here from its Burmese text, extends each listed psychotropic substance to drugs and other substances containing it and to preparations mixed with it, so a mixture carrying a listed psychotropic substance is caught through the notification. So what matters is which constituent is notified and which of the two definitions caught it. It exists, and it is real, but it attaches to the constituent and not to the name on the packet. Section 20 reaches death for production, distribution, sale, import or export of any notified narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, with a minimum of 15 years and no weight floor at all, and death is not mandatory on its own wording because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. A constituent that the Ministry has declared carries that exposure in full. What cannot be done is to state one quantity or one capital answer for Ayahuasca as a whole, because section 26, as Law 17/2025 replaced it, names some substances one by one, then sets three grammes under subsection (j) and one hundred millilitres under subsection (k) for other narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, without saying how the two divide, and it names no preparation and no product label, so the figure depends on what the material is found to contain. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Whether a medical route exists turns on the member, not on the group. Section 28(c) exempts use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, and section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Those are available for a constituent that is a medicine and meaningless for one that is not, so Ayahuasca cannot be answered as a single prescribing question. Each exemption is a Myanmar permission, and a foreign prescription is not one.
Documentation: What to carry depends on what is actually in the package, because that is the question this Law asks about Ayahuasca. Identify the constituent first, then take the documentation answer for that constituent: there is no paperwork that covers Ayahuasca as a category, and a label or a receipt describing it by that name settles nothing on its own. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Ayahuasca: no entry under this name, and the position is decided by DMT, which Notification 25/2025 names in List 1. Recipes vary, and a brew may contain controlled DMT, so no single quantity and no single capital answer can be assigned to the preparation without knowing what went into it. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Ayahuasca: no entry under this name · decided by DMT, which Notification 25/2025 names in List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Ayahuasca in Myanmar, full detail →

Barbiturates

Legal status: Barbiturates are a chemical class, not a single schedule entry, and Myanmar controls them member by member. That is a real answer rather than an evasion. The Law confers status one declared drug at a time, so what decides a case is the individual barbiturate, and Notification 25/2025 names secobarbital, amobarbital, butalbital, pentobarbital and phenobarbital among others across Lists 2 to 4. Reading one uniform result across the whole class would overstate the position for members the Ministry has never declared and understate it for those it has.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and for a class or a label the answer turns on which member or constituent is present, so no capital provision is asserted for the row as a whole. The band follows the constituent, not the label. Once the actual substance is identified, the ladder is the ordinary one: section 16(c) carries 5 to 10 years for possession, transportation, transmission and transfer, section 19 carries 10 years to life imprisonment where the purpose was sale, and section 20 carries 15 years to life imprisonment or death for production, distribution, sale, import and export. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The two definitions are not symmetrical, and for a preparation the asymmetry decides the question. Section 2(a)(ii) defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, so a mixture carrying a notified narcotic is itself caught even though the mixture's own name appears nowhere. Section 2(b) itself has no containing limb, but paragraph 2 of Notification 25/2025, as read here from its Burmese text, extends each listed psychotropic substance to drugs and other substances containing it and to preparations mixed with it, so a mixture carrying a listed psychotropic substance is caught through the notification. So what matters is which constituent is notified and which of the two definitions caught it. It exists, and it is real, but it attaches to the constituent and not to the name on the packet. Section 20 reaches death for production, distribution, sale, import or export of any notified narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, with a minimum of 15 years and no weight floor at all, and death is not mandatory on its own wording because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. A member of this class that the Ministry has declared carries that exposure in full. What cannot be done is to state one quantity or one capital answer for Barbiturates as a whole, because section 26, as Law 17/2025 replaced it, names some substances one by one, then sets three grammes under subsection (j) and one hundred millilitres under subsection (k) for other narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, without saying how the two divide, and it names no such class, so the figure depends on which member is found. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Whether a medical route exists turns on the member, not on the group. Section 28(c) exempts use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, and section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Those are available for a constituent that is a medicine and meaningless for one that is not, so Barbiturates cannot be answered as a single prescribing question. Each exemption is a Myanmar permission, and a foreign prescription is not one.
Documentation: What to carry depends on what is actually in the package, because that is the question this Law asks about Barbiturates. Identify the constituent first, then take the documentation answer for that constituent: there is no paperwork that covers Barbiturates as a category, and a label or a receipt describing it by that name settles nothing on its own. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Barbiturates: no entry under this name, and the position is decided by the individual barbiturate, and Notification 25/2025 names secobarbital, amobarbital, butalbital, pentobarbital and phenobarbital among others across Lists 2 to 4. Barbiturates span many individual entries, so stating one substance-level result would collapse controls that the notification sets member by member. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Barbiturates: no entry under this name · decided by the individual barbiturate, and Notification 25/2025 names secobarbital, amobarbital, butalbital, pentobarbital and phenobarbital among others across Lists 2 to 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Barbiturates in Myanmar, full detail →

Benzodiazepines

Legal status: Benzodiazepines are a chemical class, not a single schedule entry, and Myanmar controls them member by member. That is a real answer rather than an evasion. The Law confers status one declared drug at a time, so what decides a case is the individual benzodiazepine, and Notification 25/2025 names alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam and nimetazepam among others. Reading one uniform result across the whole class would overstate the position for members the Ministry has never declared and understate it for those it has.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and for a class or a label the answer turns on which member or constituent is present, so no capital provision is asserted for the row as a whole. The band follows the constituent, not the label. Once the actual substance is identified, the ladder is the ordinary one: section 16(c) carries 5 to 10 years for possession, transportation, transmission and transfer, section 19 carries 10 years to life imprisonment where the purpose was sale, and section 20 carries 15 years to life imprisonment or death for production, distribution, sale, import and export. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The two definitions are not symmetrical, and for a preparation the asymmetry decides the question. Section 2(a)(ii) defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, so a mixture carrying a notified narcotic is itself caught even though the mixture's own name appears nowhere. Section 2(b) itself has no containing limb, but paragraph 2 of Notification 25/2025, as read here from its Burmese text, extends each listed psychotropic substance to drugs and other substances containing it and to preparations mixed with it, so a mixture carrying a listed psychotropic substance is caught through the notification. So what matters is which constituent is notified and which of the two definitions caught it. It exists, and it is real, but it attaches to the constituent and not to the name on the packet. Section 20 reaches death for production, distribution, sale, import or export of any notified narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, with a minimum of 15 years and no weight floor at all, and death is not mandatory on its own wording because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. A member of this class that the Ministry has declared carries that exposure in full. What cannot be done is to state one quantity or one capital answer for Benzodiazepines as a whole, because section 26, as Law 17/2025 replaced it, names some substances one by one, then sets three grammes under subsection (j) and one hundred millilitres under subsection (k) for other narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, without saying how the two divide, and it names no such class, so the figure depends on which member is found. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Whether a medical route exists turns on the member, not on the group. Section 28(c) exempts use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, and section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Those are available for a constituent that is a medicine and meaningless for one that is not, so Benzodiazepines cannot be answered as a single prescribing question. Each exemption is a Myanmar permission, and a foreign prescription is not one.
Documentation: What to carry depends on what is actually in the package, because that is the question this Law asks about Benzodiazepines. Identify the constituent first, then take the documentation answer for that constituent: there is no paperwork that covers Benzodiazepines as a category, and a label or a receipt describing it by that name settles nothing on its own. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Benzodiazepines: no entry under this name, and the position is decided by the individual benzodiazepine, and Notification 25/2025 names alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam and nimetazepam among others. The benzodiazepines cover many separately listed drugs and cannot truthfully be reduced to one molecule, one notification entry or one quantity calculation. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Benzodiazepines: no entry under this name · decided by the individual benzodiazepine, and Notification 25/2025 names alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam and nimetazepam among others · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Benzodiazepines in Myanmar, full detail →

Buprenorphine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Buprenorphine is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 3, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Buprenorphine has been so declared. The list entry reads "BUPRENORPHINE".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. Whether section 2(a)(i) also reaches buprenorphine as a substance derived from the poppy plant is not settled here; either way, the status of this row records the notification entry that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Buprenorphine is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for buprenorphine. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Buprenorphine. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Buprenorphine and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Buprenorphine with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds buprenorphine; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Buprenorphine: Notification 25/2025, List 3. Buprenorphine is individually printed in List 3, allowing its criminal-law route to be tied to an exact current notification entry. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Buprenorphine: Notification 25/2025, List 3 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Buprenorphine in Myanmar, full detail →

Caffeine

Legal status: Controlled in Myanmar as a designated precursor, not as a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. Ministry of Health Notification 26/2025, dated 25 February 2025, lists in paragraph 1(c), the precursors designated for Myanmar's own needs, at serial 3 «ကေဖင်း (Caffeine)» with the chemical name «1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione». Section 16(b) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, as substituted by Law 6/2018, reaches «possession, transport, distribution or sale, without permission by this Law, of precursors which are announced to be substances or of related materials used in the production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances by notification of the Ministry». Caffeine is not listed in Notification 24/2025 or 25/2025, so it is not a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance under section 2. The paragraph and serial numbers in this cell are read from the notification's page images and are not printed in the quoted extract the dossier carries for this row; the notification's headings are in Burmese and are translated by this record, while the English name and chemical name are printed in the notification.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and caffeine is listed only as a precursor. The offence is section 16(b): possession, transport, distribution or sale of a notified precursor without permission is punished with imprisonment from a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, and a fine may also be imposed. Paragraph 2 of Notification 26/2025, read here from its Burmese text and translated by this record, requires a recommendation or permit under paragraph 3 to produce, research, use, possess, store, sell, transport, transit, transfer, import or export the listed precursors. It excepts precursors that are not for use in producing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances when they are in medicines made with them and used for treatment, at paragraph 2(a), or in compounds from which the precursor cannot readily be separated and reused, at paragraph 2(b), which the notification illustrates with battery acid, cosmetic oil, fragrances, perfume, scented soap, dye, rust remover, paint and fertiliser. Paragraph 2(c), the allowance for household, personal and business quantities, lists seven chemicals with a quantity for each, and caffeine is not among them. On that reading, caffeine powder, which is neither a medicine nor such a compound, needs a permit in any amount, and possessing or carrying it without one falls under section 16(b). The notification does not say whether a caffeine tablet or capsule that is not a medicine counts as a compound from which the caffeine cannot readily be recovered. Section 26, as Law 17/2025 replaced it, sets its deemed sale quantities for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, so no deemed quantity applies to caffeine.
If prescribed / medical: Paragraph 2(a) of Notification 26/2025, as translated here, takes medicines made with a listed precursor out of the recommendation or permit requirement, and paragraph 2(d) does the same for use, possession and transport by registered doctors and patients in accordance with the Ministry of Health's instructions. So a caffeine containing medicine carried for treatment is outside the permit requirement on that reading. No other prescription rule for caffeine was read.
Documentation: No document is needed under this Law for caffeine in a medicine used for treatment, or in a compound from which it cannot readily be recovered, on the reading of paragraph 2 of Notification 26/2025 set out in this cell. Possessing, storing or transporting caffeine powder, in any amount, needs the permit that paragraph 3(c) describes, from the committee for the control of precursor chemicals or the drug control bodies it delegates to, and paragraph 2 requires a recommendation or permit under paragraph 3 to import it; paragraph 3(a) sets the committee's prior recommendation for the business of importing or exporting precursors and names no separate route for a traveller. Paragraph 2(c)'s allowance for household, personal and business quantities does not list caffeine. The notification does not say whether a caffeine tablet or capsule that is not a medicine needs the same. A document issued outside Myanmar is not that permit or recommendation. Medicines, import and customs rules sit outside the narcotics law and were not read for this cell. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Ministry of Health Notification 26/2025, 25 February 2025, paragraphs 1(c), 2 and 3 · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16 and 20 · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, substituting section 16(b) · mfiu.gov.mm · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Notifications 24/2025 and 25/2025 searched · read 3 October 2026. · Updated October 3, 2026

Caffeine in Myanmar, full detail →

Cannabis / THC

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Cannabis is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1, and the notification carries two entries rather than one: cannabis itself, and cannabis resin, extracts and tinctures. Section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and both of those are declarations, so the preparations are controlled in their own right rather than by inference from the plant entry.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Cannabis that point is section 26(g). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (g) names marijuana or marijuana extract or both at one hundred grammes. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the one hundred grammes figure in section 26(g) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Cannabis in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Cannabis is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Cannabis lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Cannabis: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Notification 24/2025 covers cannabis expressly, and it covers cannabis resin, extracts and tinctures alongside it, so the preparations are named rather than left to inference from the plant entry. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Cannabis: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Cannabis / THC in Myanmar, full detail →

Cathinone

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Cathinone is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Cathinone has been so declared. The list entry reads "CATHINONE", with the chemical name (−)-(S)-2-amino propiophenone.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Cathinone is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for cathinone. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Cathinone in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Cathinone is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Cathinone lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Cathinone: Notification 25/2025, List 1. Cathinone is the first named substance in List 1 of the current psychotropic notification, with its chemical name printed beside it. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Cathinone: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Cathinone in Myanmar, full detail →

Clonazepam

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Clonazepam is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Clonazepam has been so declared. The list entry reads "CLONAZEPAM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Clonazepam is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for clonazepam. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Clonazepam. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Clonazepam and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Clonazepam with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds clonazepam; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Clonazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Clonazepam is individually named in List 4, so its status does not depend on treating every benzodiazepine as one class. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Clonazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Clonazepam in Myanmar, full detail →

Cocaine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Cocaine is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Cocaine has been so declared. The list entry reads "COCAINE", with the chemical name methyl ester of benzoylecgonine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Cocaine that point is section 26(i). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (i) names cocaine at three grammes. Cocaine is named in the limb by that name, so no question of identification arises. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the three grammes figure in section 26(i) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Cocaine in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Cocaine is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Cocaine lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Cocaine: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Cocaine is an express entry in Notification 24/2025, which the notification lists separately. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Cocaine: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Cocaine in Myanmar, full detail →

Codeine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Codeine is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 2: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Codeine has been so declared. The list entry reads "CODEINE", with the chemical name 3-methylmorphine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20, for codeine other than the exempt preparations described below. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Codeine is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4(a), read with paragraph 2, takes codeine preparations with not more than 100 milligrammes per dosage unit and not more than 2.5 per cent out of the narcotic drugs that notification designates, as read here from its Burmese text. Whether they remain narcotic drugs under section 2(a)(i), as substances derived from the poppy plant, is not settled by the text read here, so the three gramme figure in subsection (j) is not said to leave them. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Codeine. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Codeine and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Codeine with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds codeine; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Codeine: Notification 24/2025, List 2. Codeine is expressly named in List 2 of the narcotic notification as 3-methylmorphine, and exemptions for low-strength preparations do not erase the entry for the pure substance. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4(a), takes codeine preparations compounded with other ingredients at not more than 100 milligrammes per dosage unit and not more than 2.5 per cent out of its designation, as read here from its Burmese text; whether section 2(a)(i) still reaches them is not settled, and section 28(c) is the route for every other codeine holding.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Codeine: Notification 24/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Codeine in Myanmar, full detail →

Crack Cocaine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Crack cocaine is cocaine in its base form, and cocaine is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1, with the notification also referring to cocaine base preparations. Section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and cocaine has been so declared, so nothing turns on which physical form is in front of the court.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Crack cocaine that point is section 26(i). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (i) names cocaine at three grammes. The section names cocaine and draws no distinction between the salt and the base, so it reaches crack cocaine on its own terms. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the three grammes figure in section 26(i) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Crack cocaine in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Crack cocaine is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Crack cocaine lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Crack cocaine: Notification 24/2025, List 1, as a form of cocaine. Crack is cocaine base rather than a different scheduled molecule; Notification 24/2025 names cocaine and also uses “COCAINE base” in its preparation language, so the cocaine route applies. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Crack cocaine: Notification 24/2025, List 1, as a form of cocaine · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Crack Cocaine in Myanmar, full detail →

Delta-8-THC

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Delta-8-THC is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Delta-8-THC has been so declared. The list entry reads "delta-8-THC".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. Whether section 2(a)(i) also reaches delta-8-THC as a substance derived or extracted from the cannabis plant is not settled here; either way, the status of this row records the notification entry that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Delta-8-THC is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for Delta-8-THC. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Delta-8-THC in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Delta-8-THC is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Delta-8-THC lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Delta-8-THC: Notification 25/2025, List 1. Delta-8-THC is one of the THC isomers printed in List 1, so no generic cannabis analogy is needed for this cannabinoid. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Delta-8-THC: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Delta-8-THC in Myanmar, full detail →

Diazepam

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Diazepam is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Diazepam has been so declared. The list entry reads "DIAZEPAM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Diazepam is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for diazepam. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Diazepam. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Diazepam and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Diazepam with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds diazepam; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Diazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Diazepam appears by name and chemical structure in List 4 of the current psychotropic notification. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Diazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Diazepam in Myanmar, full detail →

DMT

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. DMT is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and DMT has been so declared. The list entry reads "DMT", with the chemical name 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». DMT is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for DMT. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for DMT in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of DMT is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying DMT lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for DMT: Notification 25/2025, List 1. DMT is expressly listed in List 1 as 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole, giving a molecule-specific designation. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for DMT: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

DMT in Myanmar, full detail →

DOM

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. DOM is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and DOM has been so declared. The list entry reads "STP, DOM", with the chemical name 2,5-dimethoxy-α,4-dimethylphenethylamine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». DOM is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for DOM. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for DOM in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of DOM is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying DOM lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for DOM: Notification 25/2025, List 1. DOM is printed in List 1 as STP, DOM with its chemical name, so this cell rests on a printed entry and not on inference from a related substituted amphetamine. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for DOM: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

DOM in Myanmar, full detail →

DXM

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. DXM was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for DXM on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for DXM was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that DXM is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to DXM under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places DXM in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for DXM, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places DXM among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If DXM reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for DXM, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for DXM: none established in either notification. Dextromethorphan was searched for under that name and under DXM and appears in neither notification, and no clause covering the morphinan family was located that would stand in for an exact entry. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for DXM: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

DXM in Myanmar, full detail →

Ephedrine

Legal status: Controlled in Myanmar as a notified precursor. Ephedrine is named in paragraph 1(a), Table (1), of Ministry of Health Notification 26/2025, the precursor notification issued on 25 February 2025, where the entry reads «Ephedrine». Section 16(b) of the Law, as amended in 2018, reaches «precursors which are announced to be substances... by notification of the Ministry», and that listing is what brings ephedrine under it. Unauthorised possession, transport, distribution or sale is an offence under section 16(b), carrying 5 to 10 years' imprisonment, and a fine may also be imposed.
Consequences if caught: The offence is section 16(b) and it sets the band. Possession, transport, distribution or sale of a notified precursor without authorisation shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment from a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, and a fine may also be imposed. The text gives ephedrine no life or death route. Section 20, which carries the death alternative, is written for the production, distribution, sale, import or export of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and ephedrine is listed as a precursor. Quantity no longer works through section 26 for ephedrine. Law 17/2025 replaced section 26, and the new section names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets general figures for «narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances». It does not name ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, which the 2018 version named at three grammes, and ephedrine is listed as a precursor rather than as a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. So no deemed sale quantity applies to ephedrine on the text, and what the text does settle is that unauthorised possession of any amount of ephedrine as a chemical falls under section 16(b); paragraph 2(a) of Notification 26/2025, read here from its Burmese text, takes medicines made with a listed precursor and used for treatment out of the permit requirement. Other Myanmar laws, such as medicines and import rules, were not examined here and may add requirements of their own. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement since 2021, and the Law is not claimed to be administered uniformly across the country, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Paragraph 2(a) of Notification 26/2025, as read here from its Burmese text, takes medicines made with a listed precursor out of the recommendation or permit requirement, and paragraph 2(d) does the same for use, possession and transport by registered doctors and patients in accordance with the Ministry of Health's instructions. So an ephedrine containing medicine carried for treatment is outside the permit requirement on that reading, and section 16(b), which turns on possession, transport, distribution or sale without permission, bears on ephedrine as a chemical outside paragraph 2. No other prescription rule for ephedrine was read.
Documentation: No document is needed under this Law for an ephedrine containing medicine, on the reading of paragraphs 2(a) and 2(d) of Notification 26/2025 set out in this cell. Possessing or dealing in ephedrine as a chemical needs the recommendation or permit that paragraph 3 describes, and no document issued outside Myanmar is that permit. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, amended section 16(b) reaches precursors announced by notification of the Ministry, and section 30(b), as replaced in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs, Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances and Notification 26/2025 for precursors, all issued 25 February 2025. Checked 18 September 2026, with the English columns of the official bilingual scans searched and checked against the page images. Placement for Ephedrine: Notification 26/2025, paragraph 1(a), Table (1), entry «Ephedrine». The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text. The paragraph and table numbers of Notification 26/2025 in this cell are read from its page images and are not printed in the quoted extract the dossier carries for this row.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 26 and 30 · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, Burmese text · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · Law 6/2018, official English text, Myanmar Financial Intelligence Unit · mfiu.gov.mm · Notification 26/2025, precursors · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · Notification 24/2025, narcotic drugs · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · Notification 25/2025, psychotropic substances · myanmartradeportal.gov.mm · placement for Ephedrine: Notification 26/2025, paragraph 1(a), Table (1) · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Ephedrine in Myanmar, full detail →

Etizolam

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Etizolam is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Etizolam has been so declared. The list entry reads "ETIZOLAM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Etizolam is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for etizolam. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Etizolam. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Etizolam and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Etizolam with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds etizolam; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Etizolam: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Etizolam is individually printed in List 4, directly resolving a substance that older English summaries often left unverified. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Etizolam: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Etizolam in Myanmar, full detail →

Fentanyl

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Fentanyl is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Fentanyl has been so declared. The list entry reads "FENTANYL", with the chemical name 1-phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilino piperidine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Fentanyl is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for fentanyl. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Fentanyl. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Fentanyl and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Fentanyl with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds fentanyl; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Fentanyl: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Fentanyl appears by name in Notification 24/2025 Narcotic List 1, alongside numerous separately named fentanyl analogues. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Fentanyl: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Fentanyl in Myanmar, full detail →

Gabapentin

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Gabapentin was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Gabapentin on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Gabapentin was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Gabapentin is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Gabapentin under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Gabapentin in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Gabapentin, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Gabapentin among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Gabapentin reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Gabapentin, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Gabapentin: none established in either notification. Gabapentin is not named in either current list, and being a prescription medicine under other legislation is not what makes a substance controlled under this Law. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Gabapentin: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Gabapentin in Myanmar, full detail →

GHB

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. GHB is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and GHB has been so declared. The list entry reads "GHB", with the chemical name γ-hydroxybutyric acid.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». GHB is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it, or, if limb (k) is the one that applies to a liquid, one hundred millilitres, is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for GHB. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for GHB in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of GHB is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying GHB lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for GHB: Notification 25/2025, List 2. GHB is expressly named in List 2 as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; that entry does not by itself extend to GBL. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for GHB: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

GHB in Myanmar, full detail →

Heroin

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Heroin is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Heroin has been so declared. The list entry reads "HEROIN", with the chemical name diacetylmorphine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Heroin that point is section 26(a). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (a) names heroin at three grammes. Subsection (d) also sets a combined three grammes for any two or three of heroin, morphine and methamphetamine. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the three grammes figure in section 26(a) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Heroin in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Heroin is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Heroin lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Heroin: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Heroin is expressly named as diacetylmorphine in Narcotic List 1, and the current statute gives heroin its own 3 g sale-purpose presumption. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Heroin: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Heroin in Myanmar, full detail →

Hydrocodone

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Hydrocodone is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Hydrocodone has been so declared. The list entry reads "HYDROCODONE", with the chemical name dihydrocodeinone.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read at myanmar-law-library.org on 21 September 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns entirely on a Ministry of Health notification, and that notification was not reached in this pass, so no capital provision is asserted for this row and none is ruled out. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of an unlimited period. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity works differently here, because section 26 does not name Hydrocodone. Its limbs run (a) to (i) and they name heroin, morphine, the combined total of those two, crude or processed opium, cannabis or essence of cannabis, coca leaf, cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants, methamphetamine hydrochloride, and ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. Limb (i) leaves the weight, volume or quantity for any other narcotic drug or psychotropic substance to be prescribed by Ministry of Health notification, and no prescribed figure for Hydrocodone was established on this record. So there is no automatic deemed sale threshold for it: a section 19 charge has to be proved on the purpose of sale rather than read off a scale. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of an unlimited period or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, and because section 26 does not name Hydrocodone, no deemed quantity bears on it at any level. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to an unlimited period for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 16, or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Hydrocodone. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Hydrocodone and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Hydrocodone with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: Carry the prescription, keep Hydrocodone in the pharmacy container with the dispensing label and your name on it, and carry a letter from the prescriber naming the drug, the dose and the condition it treats. Then be clear about what that paperwork does. It evidences why you hold Hydrocodone; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Write to the Myanmar embassy before travelling, ask specifically about Hydrocodone, and carry the reply with the prescription. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a) makes a narcotic drug one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Hydrocodone: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Hydrocodone is a named Narcotic List 1 entry, identified as dihydrocodeinone, so the result rests on the actual molecule. One limit on this cell is worth stating plainly. A further amending law, NDSC Law 17/2025, is reported to exist, and its text could not be obtained from any of the three routes tried. Nothing here is cited to it, and every section number and every quantity above is quoted from the 1993 Law as amended in 2018.

Hydrocodone in Myanmar, full detail →

Ketamine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Ketamine is listed at the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 25/2025, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Ketamine has been so declared. The list entry reads "Ketamine", with the chemical name 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Ketamine is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for ketamine. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Ketamine. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Ketamine and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Ketamine with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds ketamine; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Ketamine: the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 25/2025. Ketamine appears in the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 25/2025 with its chemical name, making its domestic psychotropic designation explicit. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Ketamine: the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 25/2025 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Ketamine in Myanmar, full detail →

Kratom

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar, and it is the leaf's alkaloid content that does it. Notification 24/2025 names mitragynine, which makes mitragynine a narcotic drug under section 2(a)(ii) of the Law. That same provision defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, and kratom leaf contains mitragynine, so the leaf is reached by the containing limb without needing an entry under its own name.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares its active constituent, so section 20 reaches it through that constituent. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Kratom leaves are named in subsection (f), «1.5 kilogrammes of dried kratom leaves or opium speciosa and six kilogrammes of fresh kratom leaves», so possessing or moving more than those amounts is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Kratom in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Kratom is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Kratom lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Kratom: Notification 24/2025, through the alkaloid mitragynine, which that notification names in Myanmar's additional narcotic list. Notification 24/2025 names the alkaloid mitragynine, and that entry is what this cell rests on; Law 17/2025 now also names dried and fresh kratom leaves in section 26(f). The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Kratom: Notification 24/2025, through the alkaloid mitragynine, which that notification names in Myanmar's additional narcotic list · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 3, 2026

Kratom in Myanmar, full detail →

Lorazepam

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Lorazepam is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Lorazepam has been so declared. The list entry reads "LORAZEPAM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Lorazepam is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for lorazepam. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Lorazepam. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Lorazepam and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Lorazepam with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds lorazepam; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Lorazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Lorazepam is individually named in List 4 of Notification 25/2025, providing a drug-specific route instead of a class label. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Lorazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Lorazepam in Myanmar, full detail →

LSA (Morning Glory)

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. LSA was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for LSA on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for LSA was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that LSA is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to LSA under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places LSA in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for LSA, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places LSA among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If LSA reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for LSA, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for LSA: none established in either notification. The notification names LSD, printed as LSD, LSD-25, but it does not name LSA or ergine, and the lysergamide relationship supplies no automatic analogue rule in the text reviewed. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for LSA: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

LSA (Morning Glory) in Myanmar, full detail →

LSD

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. LSD is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and LSD has been so declared. The list entry reads "LSD, LSD-25", with the chemical name lysergide.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». LSD is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for LSD. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for LSD in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of LSD is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying LSD lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for LSD: Notification 25/2025, List 1. LSD is expressly named in List 1, printed as LSD, LSD-25, with lysergide given as the chemical description, and that is the controlled molecule here. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for LSD: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

LSD in Myanmar, full detail →

MDA

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. MDA is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and MDA has been so declared. The list entry reads "MDA (TENAMFETAMINE)".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». MDA is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for MDA. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for MDA in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of MDA is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying MDA lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for MDA: Notification 25/2025, List 1. MDA is expressly printed as TENAMFETAMINE in List 1; the entry is distinct from MDMA and the other methylenedioxy analogues. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for MDA: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

MDA in Myanmar, full detail →

MDMA

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. MDMA is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and MDMA has been so declared. The list entry reads "MDMA".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». MDMA is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for MDMA. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for MDMA in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of MDMA is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying MDMA lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for MDMA: Notification 25/2025, List 1. MDMA has its own List 1 entry in Notification 25/2025, so the designation is direct and current. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for MDMA: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

MDMA in Myanmar, full detail →

MDPV

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. MDPV is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and MDPV has been so declared. The list entry reads "MDPV, 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». MDPV is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for MDPV. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for MDPV in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of MDPV is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying MDPV lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for MDPV: Notification 25/2025, List 2. MDPV is explicitly named in List 2 as 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone rather than being inferred from pyrovalerone. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for MDPV: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

MDPV in Myanmar, full detail →

Memantine

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Memantine was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Memantine on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Memantine was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Memantine is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Memantine under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Memantine in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Memantine, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Memantine among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Memantine reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Memantine, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Memantine: none established in either notification. Memantine does not appear in the current narcotic or psychotropic notifications, and its NMDA-antagonist pharmacology is not a statutory scheduling test. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Memantine: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Memantine in Myanmar, full detail →

Mephedrone (4-MMC)

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Mephedrone is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Mephedrone has been so declared. The list entry reads "mephedrone, 4-methyl methcathinone".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Mephedrone is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for mephedrone. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Mephedrone in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Mephedrone is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Mephedrone lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Mephedrone: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Mephedrone is expressly listed as 4-methyl methcathinone in List 2, separating it from 3-MMC and other cathinones. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Mephedrone: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Mephedrone (4-MMC) in Myanmar, full detail →

Mescaline

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Mescaline is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Mescaline has been so declared. The list entry reads "mescaline", with the chemical name 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenethylamine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Mescaline is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for mescaline. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Mescaline in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Mescaline is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Mescaline lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Mescaline: Notification 25/2025, List 1. Mescaline is individually listed in List 1 as 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenethylamine; that does not automatically make a peyote plant identical to the pure drug. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Mescaline: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Mescaline in Myanmar, full detail →

Methadone

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Methadone is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Methadone has been so declared. The list entry reads "METHADONE", with the chemical name 6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Methadone is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it, or, if limb (k) is the one that applies to a liquid, one hundred millilitres, is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for methadone. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Methadone. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Methadone and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Methadone with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds methadone; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Methadone: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Methadone is a named Narcotic List 1 entry with its chemical description, so its control is not inferred from opioid effect. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Methadone: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Methadone in Myanmar, full detail →

Methamphetamine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Methamphetamine is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Methamphetamine has been so declared. The list entry reads "METHAMPHETAMINE", with the chemical name (+)-(S)-N,α-dimethyl phenethylamine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Methamphetamine that point is section 26(c). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (c) names methamphetamine at three grammes. Subsection (d) also sets a combined three grammes for any two or three of heroin, morphine and methamphetamine. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the three grammes figure in section 26(c) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Methamphetamine in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Methamphetamine is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Methamphetamine lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Methamphetamine: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Methamphetamine is expressly named in List 2 of Notification 25/2025, so its status rests on an entry in its own name and not on the broader expression amphetamine type stimulant. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Methamphetamine: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Methamphetamine in Myanmar, full detail →

Methaqualone (Quaaludes)

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Methaqualone is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Methaqualone has been so declared. The list entry reads "METHAQUALONE".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Methaqualone is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for methaqualone. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Methaqualone in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Methaqualone is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Methaqualone lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Methaqualone: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Methaqualone is printed by name in List 2, distinct from the separately listed mecloqualone. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Methaqualone: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Methaqualone (Quaaludes) in Myanmar, full detail →

Methylone

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Methylone is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Methylone has been so declared. The list entry reads "methylone, beta-keto-MDMA".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Methylone is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for methylone. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Methylone in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Methylone is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Methylone lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Methylone: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Methylone is individually named as beta-keto-MDMA in List 2, so it is not treated as MDMA merely because of structural resemblance. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Methylone: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Methylone in Myanmar, full detail →

Methylphenidate

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Methylphenidate is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Methylphenidate has been so declared. The list entry reads "METHYLPHENIDATE".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Methylphenidate is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for methylphenidate. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Methylphenidate. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Methylphenidate and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Methylphenidate with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds methylphenidate; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Methylphenidate: Notification 25/2025, List 2. Methylphenidate is expressly named in List 2, giving a current notification entry for the stimulant. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Methylphenidate: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Methylphenidate in Myanmar, full detail →

Mitragynine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Mitragynine is listed at the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 24/2025, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Mitragynine has been so declared. The list entry reads "Mitragynine".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Mitragynine is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for mitragynine. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Mitragynine in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Mitragynine is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Mitragynine lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Mitragynine: the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 24/2025. Notification 24/2025 places mitragynine in Myanmar’s additional narcotic list; pure mitragynine therefore has a direct designation apart from the kratom-leaf threshold. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Mitragynine: the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 24/2025 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Mitragynine in Myanmar, full detail →

Modafinil

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Modafinil was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Modafinil on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Modafinil was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Modafinil is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Modafinil under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Modafinil in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Modafinil, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Modafinil among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Modafinil reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Modafinil, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Modafinil: none established in either notification. Modafinil is not named in the current lists, so no narcotics-law capital or life route is assigned merely because it is a psychoactive prescription stimulant. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Modafinil: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Modafinil in Myanmar, full detail →

Morphine

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Morphine is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Morphine has been so declared. The list entry reads "MORPHINE", described in the list as the principal alkaloid of opium and of opium poppy.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Morphine that point is section 26(b). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (b) names morphine at three grammes. Subsection (d) also sets a combined three grammes for any two or three of heroin, morphine and methamphetamine. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the three grammes figure in section 26(b) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Morphine. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Morphine and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Morphine with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds morphine; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Morphine: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Morphine is expressly named in List 1 of the narcotic notification rather than being reached indirectly as a preparation of opium. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Morphine: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Morphine in Myanmar, full detail →

MXE

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. MXE is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and MXE has been so declared. The list entry reads "methoxetamine, MXE", with the chemical name (RS)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». MXE is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for MXE. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for MXE in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of MXE is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying MXE lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for MXE: Notification 25/2025, List 2. The current list expressly names “methoxetamine, MXE” with the 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone structure; the next page separately names 3-MeO-PCP, preventing the chemical-name mix-up flagged in the brief. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for MXE: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

MXE in Myanmar, full detail →

Nicotine

Legal status: Outside the reach of Myanmar's narcotics law. Nicotine is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, and the Law only ever bites through those lists, so the narcotic and psychotropic regime does not govern it. Nicotine is regulated, where it is regulated, by other legislation that this cell does not cover.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read at myanmar-law-library.org on 21 September 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns entirely on a Ministry of Health notification, and that notification was not reached in this pass, so no capital provision is asserted for this row and none is ruled out. The Law's penalties do not apply to Nicotine. Section 16(c) at 5 to 10 years, section 19 at 10 years to an unlimited period and section 20 at 15 years to an unlimited period or death all take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, and Nicotine is neither under the instruments audited here. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Nicotine was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Nicotine is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Nicotine under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and Nicotine has never been declared by notification to be either one. Section 19 and its 10 years to an unlimited period are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. The definition in section 2 is closed. Status is conferred entirely by Ministry of Health notification, and the Act carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition anywhere in its 31 sections, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28, the medical and research exemption, has nothing to operate on for Nicotine, because an exemption only matters where a prohibition reached first and this Law's prohibitions never reach Nicotine. Any medical or licensing question about it belongs to a different regime entirely, and that regime was not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Nicotine, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a) makes a narcotic drug one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Nicotine: none, and none is expected, because it falls outside the subject matter of both notifications. Nicotine is a tobacco and product law question rather than a listed narcotic or psychotropic substance under the instruments read here. One limit on this cell is worth stating plainly. A further amending law, NDSC Law 17/2025, is reported to exist, and its text could not be obtained from any of the three routes tried. Nothing here is cited to it, and every section number and every quantity above is quoted from the 1993 Law as amended in 2018.

Nicotine in Myanmar, full detail →

Nimetazepam

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Nimetazepam is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Nimetazepam has been so declared. The list entry reads "NIMETAZEPAM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Nimetazepam is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for nimetazepam. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Nimetazepam. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Nimetazepam and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Nimetazepam with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds nimetazepam; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Nimetazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Nimetazepam is individually printed in List 4, so its control is established by name rather than by a broad benzodiazepine category. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Nimetazepam: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Nimetazepam in Myanmar, full detail →

Nitrous Oxide

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Nitrous oxide was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Nitrous oxide on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Nitrous oxide was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Nitrous oxide is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Nitrous oxide under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Nitrous oxide in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Nitrous oxide, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Nitrous oxide among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Nitrous oxide reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Nitrous oxide, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Nitrous oxide: none established in either notification. Nitrous oxide is absent from the current narcotic and psychotropic notifications, leaving any product or medical-gas restrictions outside the instruments audited here. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Nitrous oxide: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Nitrous Oxide in Myanmar, full detail →

Opium

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Opium is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Opium has been so declared. The list entry reads "OPIUM", described in the list as the coagulated juice of the opium poppy.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 punishes production, distribution and sale, and import and export, of «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment «or with death». Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 2(a)(i) defines a narcotic drug to include the «poppy plant, coca plants, cannabis plant» and «substances and drugs derived or extracted from any such plant», so this row is reached by the Law's own words, as well as by the notification entry its status records. Those words are the 1993 English text; Law 17/2025 replaced the word for the coca plant in section 2(a)(i), which the newspaper's English renders «Coca tree», with «Coca». Death is not mandatory on the section's wording. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity matters at exactly one point, and for Opium that point is section 26(e). As Law 17/2025 replaced that section, subsection (e) names raw opium or refined opium or both at one hundred grammes. Possessing more than that, or transporting, delivering through intermediaries or transferring it, is deemed to be done for the purpose of sale, which moves the case out of section 16(c) and into section 19. It is a presumption about purpose, not a separate offence, and it does not touch section 20. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the one hundred grammes figure in section 26(e) does not open it and cannot close it: that figure is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Opium in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Opium is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Opium lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Opium: Notification 24/2025, List 1. List 1 of the narcotic notification defines opium as the coagulated juice of the opium poppy, so the entry turns on the material itself rather than on the plant. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Opium: Notification 24/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Opium in Myanmar, full detail →

Oxycodone

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Oxycodone is listed at Notification 24/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Oxycodone has been so declared. The list entry reads "OXYCODONE", with the chemical name 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read at myanmar-law-library.org on 21 September 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns entirely on a Ministry of Health notification, and that notification was not reached in this pass, so no capital provision is asserted for this row and none is ruled out. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of an unlimited period. Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity works differently here, because section 26 does not name Oxycodone. Its limbs run (a) to (i) and they name heroin, morphine, the combined total of those two, crude or processed opium, cannabis or essence of cannabis, coca leaf, cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants, methamphetamine hydrochloride, and ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. Limb (i) leaves the weight, volume or quantity for any other narcotic drug or psychotropic substance to be prescribed by Ministry of Health notification, and no prescribed figure for Oxycodone was established on this record. So there is no automatic deemed sale threshold for it: a section 19 charge has to be proved on the purpose of sale rather than read off a scale. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of an unlimited period or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, and because section 26 does not name Oxycodone, no deemed quantity bears on it at any level. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to an unlimited period for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 16, or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Oxycodone. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Oxycodone and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Oxycodone with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: Carry the prescription, keep Oxycodone in the pharmacy container with the dispensing label and your name on it, and carry a letter from the prescriber naming the drug, the dose and the condition it treats. Then be clear about what that paperwork does. It evidences why you hold Oxycodone; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Write to the Myanmar embassy before travelling, ask specifically about Oxycodone, and carry the reply with the prescription. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a) makes a narcotic drug one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Oxycodone: Notification 24/2025, List 1. Oxycodone is a named Narcotic List 1 entry identified as 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone. One limit on this cell is worth stating plainly. A further amending law, NDSC Law 17/2025, is reported to exist, and its text could not be obtained from any of the three routes tried. Nothing here is cited to it, and every section number and every quantity above is quoted from the 1993 Law as amended in 2018.

Oxycodone in Myanmar, full detail →

PCP

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. PCP is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 2, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and PCP has been so declared. The list entry reads "PCP (PHENCYCLIDINE)", with the chemical name 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». PCP is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for PCP. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for PCP in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of PCP is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying PCP lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for PCP: Notification 25/2025, List 2. PCP is expressly named as phencyclidine in List 2 with the 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine structure, distinct from 3-MeO-PCP and MXE. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for PCP: Notification 25/2025, List 2 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

PCP in Myanmar, full detail →

Peyote

Legal status: Controlled in Myanmar as material containing a listed psychotropic substance. The peyote cactus contains mescaline, which Notification 25/2025 lists in Table (1) at serial 11, and paragraph 2 of that notification, read here from its Burmese text, extends each substance designated under paragraph 1 to drugs and other substances containing it and to preparations mixed with it. Peyote is reached through that limb, and only as material that contains mescaline: neither notification names the cactus itself.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. Peyote is not one of the three plants section 2(a)(i) names, and no notification declaring it as a plant was found, but paragraph 2 of Notification 25/2025, read here from its Burmese text, extends each psychotropic substance designated under paragraph 1 to drugs and other substances containing it, so material containing mescaline, which the notification declares, is caught, and section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Peyote is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, the text not saying whether the gross weight of the material or its mescaline content is what is weighed, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for peyote or for mescaline. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Peyote in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Peyote is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying peyote lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Peyote: through mescaline, Notification 25/2025, Table (1), serial 11, under paragraph 2, which reaches drugs and other substances containing a designated psychotropic substance. The limb reaches peyote material that contains mescaline; the notification does not name the plant itself. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Peyote: Notification 25/2025, paragraph 2, through mescaline (Table (1), serial 11) · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Peyote in Myanmar, full detail →

Phenibut

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Phenibut was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Phenibut on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Phenibut was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Phenibut is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Phenibut under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Phenibut in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Phenibut, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Phenibut among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Phenibut reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Phenibut, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Phenibut: none established in either notification. Phenibut is not named in Notifications 24/2025 or 25/2025, and no GABAergic-drug class provision was found that schedules it by effect. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Phenibut: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Phenibut in Myanmar, full detail →

Pink Cocaine / Tusi

Legal status: Pink cocaine has no fixed composition, so what it is in law depends on what is actually in the package. That is a real answer rather than an evasion. The Law confers status one declared drug at a time, so what decides a case is whichever of cocaine, ketamine and MDMA is actually present, all three of which the notifications name. A street label is not a legal identity, and neither notification carries an entry that answers to that name.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and for a class or a label the answer turns on which member or constituent is present, so no capital provision is asserted for the row as a whole. The band follows the constituent, not the label. Once the actual substance is identified, the ladder is the ordinary one: section 16(c) carries 5 to 10 years for possession, transportation, transmission and transfer, section 19 carries 10 years to life imprisonment where the purpose was sale, and section 20 carries 15 years to life imprisonment or death for production, distribution, sale, import and export. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The two definitions are not symmetrical, and for a preparation the asymmetry decides the question. Section 2(a)(ii) defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, so a mixture carrying a notified narcotic is itself caught even though the mixture's own name appears nowhere. Section 2(b) itself has no containing limb, but paragraph 2 of Notification 25/2025, as read here from its Burmese text, extends each listed psychotropic substance to drugs and other substances containing it and to preparations mixed with it, so a mixture carrying a listed psychotropic substance is caught through the notification. So what matters is which constituent is notified and which of the two definitions caught it. It exists, and it is real, but it attaches to the constituent and not to the name on the packet. Section 20 reaches death for production, distribution, sale, import or export of any notified narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, with a minimum of 15 years and no weight floor at all, and death is not mandatory on its own wording because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. A constituent that the Ministry has declared carries that exposure in full. What cannot be done is to state one quantity or one capital answer for Pink cocaine as a whole, because section 26, as Law 17/2025 replaced it, names some substances one by one, then sets three grammes under subsection (j) and one hundred millilitres under subsection (k) for other narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, without saying how the two divide, and it names no preparation and no product label, so the figure depends on what the material is found to contain. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Whether a medical route exists turns on the member, not on the group. Section 28(c) exempts use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, and section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Those are available for a constituent that is a medicine and meaningless for one that is not, so Pink cocaine cannot be answered as a single prescribing question. Each exemption is a Myanmar permission, and a foreign prescription is not one.
Documentation: What to carry depends on what is actually in the package, because that is the question this Law asks about Pink cocaine. Identify the constituent first, then take the documentation answer for that constituent: there is no paperwork that covers Pink cocaine as a category, and a label or a receipt describing it by that name settles nothing on its own. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Pink cocaine: no entry under this name, and the position is decided by whichever of cocaine, ketamine and MDMA is actually present, all three of which the notifications name. Because “pink cocaine” is a variable mixture rather than one molecule, schedule and section consequences must be calculated from the actual controlled constituents. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Pink cocaine: no entry under this name · decided by whichever of cocaine, ketamine and MDMA is actually present, all three of which the notifications name · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Pink Cocaine / Tusi in Myanmar, full detail →

Poppers

Legal status: Poppers is a product label covering several different alkyl nitrites, not one substance with one status. That is a real answer rather than an evasion. The Law confers status one declared drug at a time, so what decides a case is the particular alkyl nitrite present, and amyl nitrite was searched for across both notifications and no entry was found. The product name is not a legal identity, and neither notification carries an entry that answers to it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read at myanmar-law-library.org on 21 September 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns entirely on a Ministry of Health notification, and that notification was not reached in this pass, so no capital provision is asserted for this row and none is ruled out. The band follows the constituent, not the label. Once the actual substance is identified, the ladder is the ordinary one: section 16(c) carries 5 to 10 years for possession, transportation, transmission and transfer, section 19 carries 10 years to an unlimited period where the purpose was sale, and section 20 carries 15 years to an unlimited period or death for production, distribution, sale, import and export. The two definitions are not symmetrical, and for a preparation the asymmetry decides the question. Section 2(a)(ii) defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, so a mixture carrying a notified narcotic is itself caught even though the mixture's own name appears nowhere. Section 2(b), which defines a psychotropic substance, carries no containing limb at all: it reaches only the drugs the Ministry has declared. So what matters is which constituent is notified and which of the two definitions caught it. It exists, and it is real, but it attaches to the constituent and not to the name on the packet. Section 20 reaches death for production, distribution, sale, import or export of any notified narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, with a minimum of 15 years and no weight floor at all, and death is not mandatory on its own wording because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. A constituent that the Ministry has declared carries that exposure in full. What cannot be done is to state one quantity or one capital answer for Poppers as a whole, because section 26 assigns quantities to substances it names one by one and names no preparation and no product label. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 16, or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Whether a medical route exists turns on the member, not on the group. Section 28(c) exempts use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, and section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Those are available for a constituent that is a medicine and meaningless for one that is not, so Poppers cannot be answered as a single prescribing question. Each exemption is a Myanmar permission, and a foreign prescription is not one.
Documentation: What to carry depends on what is actually in the package, because that is the question this Law asks about Poppers. Identify the constituent first, then take the documentation answer for that constituent: there is no paperwork that covers Poppers as a category, and a label or a receipt describing it by that name settles nothing on its own. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a) makes a narcotic drug one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Poppers: no entry under this name, and the position is decided by the particular alkyl nitrite present, and amyl nitrite was searched for across both notifications and no entry was found. A single narcotics-law result for poppers would ignore which nitrite is actually present, which is the only question this Law asks. One limit on this cell is worth stating plainly. A further amending law, NDSC Law 17/2025, is reported to exist, and its text could not be obtained from any of the three routes tried. Nothing here is cited to it, and every section number and every quantity above is quoted from the 1993 Law as amended in 2018.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Poppers: no entry under this name · decided by the particular alkyl nitrite present, and amyl nitrite was searched for across both notifications and no entry was found · Updated October 5, 2026

Poppers in Myanmar, full detail →

Pregabalin

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Pregabalin was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Pregabalin on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Pregabalin was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Pregabalin is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Pregabalin under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Pregabalin in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Pregabalin, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Pregabalin among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Pregabalin reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Pregabalin, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Pregabalin: none established in either notification. Pregabalin was not located in the current narcotic or psychotropic lists; any prescription controls under other Myanmar law are not silently treated as a designation under this Act. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Pregabalin: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Pregabalin in Myanmar, full detail →

Psilocybin

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Psilocybin is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 1, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Psilocybin has been so declared. The list entry reads "PSILOCYBINE", with the chemical name 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Psilocybin is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for psilocybin. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is no therapeutic route for Psilocybin in Myanmar to speak of. Section 28 does provide exemptions, and they are real, but they are narrow: section 28(a) covers production and research carried on with the consent of the relevant Ministry, section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for production, research or medical treatment with that consent, and section 28(c) covers use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Each is a permission Myanmar grants, and none of them is engaged by a prescription or a licence issued in another country. No medical supply of Psilocybin is established here, so there is nothing for a traveller to bring the paperwork for.
Documentation: There is no document that makes carrying Psilocybin lawful in Myanmar, and that is the whole of the documentation answer for it. Section 28 works through permissions Myanmar itself grants, so nothing issued in another country operates on it and nothing you could present at a border would change the position. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Psilocybin: Notification 25/2025, List 1. Psilocybin is individually named as PSILOCYBINE in List 1 with its phosphate chemical description. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Psilocybin: Notification 25/2025, List 1 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Psilocybin in Myanmar, full detail →

Quetiapine

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Quetiapine was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Quetiapine on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Quetiapine was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Quetiapine is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Quetiapine under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Quetiapine in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Quetiapine, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Quetiapine among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Quetiapine reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Quetiapine, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Quetiapine: none established in either notification. Quetiapine is not a named narcotic or psychotropic substance in the current notifications, so antipsychotic medicine status alone does not trigger sections 19 or 20. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Quetiapine: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Quetiapine in Myanmar, full detail →

Salvia divinorum

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Salvia divinorum was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Salvia divinorum on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Salvia divinorum was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Salvia divinorum is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Salvia divinorum under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Salvia divinorum in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Salvia divinorum, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Salvia divinorum among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Salvia divinorum reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Salvia divinorum, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Salvia divinorum: none established in either notification. Neither Salvia divinorum nor salvinorin A was found in the current notifications, and no Ministry of Health plant declaration for salvia was recovered in the sources checked. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Salvia divinorum: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Salvia divinorum in Myanmar, full detail →

Scopolamine (Devil's Breath)

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Scopolamine was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Scopolamine on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Scopolamine was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Scopolamine is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Scopolamine under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Scopolamine in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Scopolamine, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Scopolamine among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Scopolamine reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Scopolamine, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Scopolamine: none established in either notification. Scopolamine does not appear in the current narcotic or psychotropic lists, so its pharmacological effects do not create a schedule entry under the notification-based model. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Scopolamine: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Scopolamine (Devil's Breath) in Myanmar, full detail →

Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice)

Legal status: Synthetic cannabinoids are controlled compound by compound, by specific chemical entries, and not by one open-ended class entry. That is a real answer rather than an evasion. The Law confers status one declared drug at a time, so what decides a case is the individual compound, and Notification 25/2025 List 2 names AM-2201, JWH-018, AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB, UR-144 and XLR-11 among many others by their own chemical entries. Reading one uniform result across the whole class would overstate the position for members the Ministry has never declared and understate it for those it has.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and for a class or a label the answer turns on which member or constituent is present, so no capital provision is asserted for the row as a whole. The band follows the constituent, not the label. Once the actual substance is identified, the ladder is the ordinary one: section 16(c) carries 5 to 10 years for possession, transportation, transmission and transfer, section 19 carries 10 years to life imprisonment where the purpose was sale, and section 20 carries 15 years to life imprisonment or death for production, distribution, sale, import and export. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The two definitions are not symmetrical, and for a preparation the asymmetry decides the question. Section 2(a)(ii) defines a narcotic drug to include substances containing any type of such drug, so a mixture carrying a notified narcotic is itself caught even though the mixture's own name appears nowhere. Section 2(b) itself has no containing limb, but paragraph 2 of Notification 25/2025, as read here from its Burmese text, extends each listed psychotropic substance to drugs and other substances containing it and to preparations mixed with it, so a mixture carrying a listed psychotropic substance is caught through the notification. So what matters is which constituent is notified and which of the two definitions caught it. It exists, and it is real, but it attaches to the constituent and not to the name on the packet. Section 20 reaches death for production, distribution, sale, import or export of any notified narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, with a minimum of 15 years and no weight floor at all, and death is not mandatory on its own wording because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. A member of this class that the Ministry has declared carries that exposure in full. What cannot be done is to state one quantity or one capital answer for Synthetic cannabinoids as a whole, because section 26, as Law 17/2025 replaced it, names some substances one by one, then sets three grammes under subsection (j) and one hundred millilitres under subsection (k) for other narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, without saying how the two divide, and it names no such class, so the figure depends on which member is found. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Whether a medical route exists turns on the member, not on the group. Section 28(c) exempts use, possession and transportation permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, and section 28(b) covers use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Those are available for a constituent that is a medicine and meaningless for one that is not, so Synthetic cannabinoids cannot be answered as a single prescribing question. Each exemption is a Myanmar permission, and a foreign prescription is not one.
Documentation: What to carry depends on what is actually in the package, because that is the question this Law asks about Synthetic cannabinoids. Identify the constituent first, then take the documentation answer for that constituent: there is no paperwork that covers Synthetic cannabinoids as a category, and a label or a receipt describing it by that name settles nothing on its own. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Synthetic cannabinoids: no entry under this name, and the position is decided by the individual compound, and Notification 25/2025 List 2 names AM-2201, JWH-018, AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB, UR-144 and XLR-11 among many others by their own chemical entries. Myanmar controls many synthetic cannabinoids by specific chemical entries, not by a single open-ended “synthetic cannabinoids” row that safely covers every member. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Synthetic cannabinoids: no entry under this name · decided by the individual compound, and Notification 25/2025 List 2 names AM-2201, JWH-018, AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB, UR-144 and XLR-11 among many others by their own chemical entries · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice) in Myanmar, full detail →

Tobacco

Legal status: Outside the reach of Myanmar's narcotics law. Tobacco is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, and the Law only ever bites through those lists, so the narcotic and psychotropic regime does not govern it. Tobacco is regulated, where it is regulated, by other legislation that this cell does not cover.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read at myanmar-law-library.org on 21 September 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns entirely on a Ministry of Health notification, and that notification was not reached in this pass, so no capital provision is asserted for this row and none is ruled out. The Law's penalties do not apply to Tobacco. Section 16(c) at 5 to 10 years, section 19 at 10 years to an unlimited period and section 20 at 15 years to an unlimited period or death all take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, and Tobacco is neither under the instruments audited here. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Tobacco was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Tobacco is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Tobacco under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and Tobacco has never been declared by notification to be either one. Section 19 and its 10 years to an unlimited period are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. The definition in section 2 is closed. Status is conferred entirely by Ministry of Health notification, and the Act carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition anywhere in its 31 sections, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28, the medical and research exemption, has nothing to operate on for Tobacco, because an exemption only matters where a prohibition reached first and this Law's prohibitions never reach Tobacco. Any medical or licensing question about it belongs to a different regime entirely, and that regime was not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Tobacco, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a) makes a narcotic drug one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Tobacco: none, and none is expected, because it falls outside the subject matter of both notifications. Tobacco is regulated through other legal regimes, so sections 16, 19, 20 and 26 of this Law are not attached to it here. One limit on this cell is worth stating plainly. A further amending law, NDSC Law 17/2025, is reported to exist, and its text could not be obtained from any of the three routes tried. Nothing here is cited to it, and every section number and every quantity above is quoted from the 1993 Law as amended in 2018.

Tobacco in Myanmar, full detail →

Tramadol

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Tramadol is listed at the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 24/2025, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(a)(ii) of the Law defines a narcotic drug as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Tramadol has been so declared. The list entry reads "Tramadol", with the chemical name 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Tramadol is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for tramadol. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Tramadol. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Tramadol and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Tramadol with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds tramadol; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Tramadol: the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 24/2025. Tramadol appears in Myanmar’s additional narcotic list in Notification 24/2025, giving it a domestic designation beyond the convention lists. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | placement for Tramadol: the Myanmar-specific portion of Notification 24/2025 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Tramadol in Myanmar, full detail →

Xanax (Alprazolam)

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Alprazolam is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Alprazolam has been so declared. The list entry reads "ALPRAZOLAM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Alprazolam is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for alprazolam. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Alprazolam. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Alprazolam and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Alprazolam with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds alprazolam; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Alprazolam: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Alprazolam appears by name in List 4 of Notification 25/2025, providing an individual psychotropic designation rather than a benzodiazepine-class inference. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Alprazolam: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Xanax (Alprazolam) in Myanmar, full detail →

Xylazine

Legal status: Not listed in Myanmar's narcotic or psychotropic notifications. Xylazine was searched for across Notification 24/2025 and Notification 25/2025 and no entry was established for it. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification, so a substance outside both is not a narcotic drug or a psychotropic substance under this Law at all.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none on the text. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and neither notification lists it, as the status of this row records, so section 20 does not reach it. No offence under this Law is made out for Xylazine on this record. Sections 16(c), 19 and 20 each take a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as their object, so where no notification names the substance and it is not derived or extracted from one of the three plants or a plant the Ministry has declared, none of the three attaches to it and the 5 to 10 year, 10 year to life and 15 year to life or death bands are all out of reach. What this finding is, and what it is not. No entry for Xylazine was established under this Act, and that is not a statement that Xylazine is lawful under Myanmar's other laws. Medicines, imports, customs, product and excise law were not audited here and any of them may reach it. None is assigned to Xylazine under this Law, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. Section 20, the only article that reaches death, takes a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance as its object, and no notification entry places Xylazine in either category. Section 19 and its 10 years to life imprisonment are out of reach for the same reason, and section 26 never engages at all, because its deemed sale quantities presuppose a substance the notifications have already caught. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». The definition in section 2 is closed. Beyond the three plants named in section 2(a)(i), or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, status is conferred by Ministry of Health notification, and the Law carries no analogue clause, no structural derivative limb and no generic definition, so a substance absent from the lists is not swept in by chemical resemblance to one that is present. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: Section 28 of the Law, which is the exemption for medical and research use, is not engaged for Xylazine, because an exemption only bites on something the Law caught in the first place. No notification entry places Xylazine among the narcotic drugs or the psychotropic substances, so the question the Law asks does not arise for it. That is a narcotics-law answer only. If Xylazine reaches Myanmar as a medicine it is governed by the medicines and import regimes instead, and those were not audited for this cell.
Documentation: This Law asks for no document for Xylazine, because it never catches it, so there is nothing to carry or show under the narcotics regime. That is not the whole travel question. Medicines, import, customs and product rules sit outside this Law, they can ask for paperwork of their own, and they were not audited for this cell. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Xylazine: none established in either notification. Xylazine is not named in either current notification, and veterinary or sedative use is not itself a scheduling rule under sections 2 and 30. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Xylazine: searched in both notifications, no entry established · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Xylazine in Myanmar, full detail →

Zolpidem

Legal status: Illegal in Myanmar. Zolpidem is listed at Notification 25/2025, List 4, and that listing is the whole of what controls it: section 2(b) of the Law defines a psychotropic substance as one the Ministry of Health has declared by notification, and Zolpidem has been so declared. The list entry reads "ZOLPIDEM".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: section 20. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 was read in the copy at myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344, fetched 18 September 2026, and the amendments in Law 17/2025 were read from the Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5, on 3 October 2026. Section 20 takes «a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance» as its object, and section 2 defines both by delegation: a narcotic drug is the poppy, coca or cannabis plant, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from it, or «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared to be a narcotic drug», and a psychotropic substance is «drugs which the Ministry of Health has, by notification declared» to be one. This substance is not one of the three named plants or an extract of one, so whether section 20 reaches it turns on a Ministry of Health notification, and the status of this row records the notification that declares it, so section 20 reaches it. Conduct is what sets the band, and the Law grades it in three steps. Section 16(c) reaches possession, transportation, transmission and transfer of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and carries a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 10 years, with a fine also possible. Section 19 reaches those same acts done for the purpose of sale, and offering for sale or agreeing to sell, and carries a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of life imprisonment. Law 17/2025 replaced «life imprisonment without limit» in the introduction of sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», and its new section 2(i) defines that as «a prison sentence imposed on a convicted person requiring them to remain incarcerated until death». Section 20 reaches production, distribution and sale, and importing and exporting, and it is the one article that can end in death. Section 21 puts an attempt, a conspiracy, organising, administering, financing or abetting on the same footing as the completed offence. Quantity: Law 17/2025 replaced section 26. It now names heroin, morphine and methamphetamine at three grammes each, with a combined three grammes for any two or three of them under subsection (d), raw or refined opium at one hundred grammes, dried and fresh kratom leaves at 1.5 and six kilogrammes, marijuana or marijuana extract and coca leaves at one hundred grammes each, and cocaine at three grammes, and then sets two general limbs, which read in the English text published in the Global New Light of Myanmar (j) «three grammes for narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances [sic] except for the drugs mentioned in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) (h) and (i) and specific weight, volume or quantities for narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances under the notification issued by the Ministry of Health not for sale» and (k) «One hundred millilitres for the remaining narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, except for specifying the weight, quantity, or number of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances issued by the Ministry of Health for the purpose of sale». Zolpidem is not named in subsections (a) to (i), so on those words possessing or moving more than three grammes of it is deemed to be for the purpose of sale, which leads to section 19, unless a Ministry of Health notification sets another quantity for it. Notification 24/2025, paragraph 4, sets per dose limits for some exempt narcotic preparations, and neither notification, as searched here in its scanned pages, sets a quantity for zolpidem. The English text does not say how limbs (j) and (k) divide the field between weights and volumes. Section 20 is the only article in this Law that reaches death. It punishes production, distribution and sale of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, and importing and exporting one, with imprisonment from a minimum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment or with death. Death is not mandatory on the section's own wording, because the section holds out imprisonment as the alternative and joins the two with the words or with death. Section 20 states no weight floor of any kind, so the section 26 quantity is a route into section 19 and never into section 20. Life exposure arrives one step earlier, at section 19, which carries 10 years to life imprisonment for possessing, transporting, transmitting or transferring for the purpose of sale. Sections 22 and 23 then take an offender to the maximum punishment provided for the offence, section 22 where it was committed as part of a local or foreign criminal organisation or group, with arms or explosives, using a child who has not completed the age of 18, which Law 17/2025 substituted for 16 in section 22(c), or through the influence or power of a public servant, and section 23 where there is a prior conviction for any offence prescribed in sections 16 to 21. What this cell states is the statute as written. It is not a description of enforcement. Policing of these provisions since February 2021 is not what the text describes, and substantial areas of the country sit outside central government control, so the law on the page and the treatment a person actually meets are two different questions.
If prescribed / medical: There is a lawful medical route, and section 28 is where it sits. Section 28(c) takes out of the Law the use, possession and transportation of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance permitted by the Ministry of Health under the direction of a registered medical practitioner, in accordance with the stipulations, and section 28(b) does the same for use in the manner prescribed for medical treatment with the consent of the relevant Ministry. Two things follow for Zolpidem. The exemption turns on Myanmar's own permission, not on a foreign one, so a prescription written abroad is evidence of why you hold Zolpidem and not, by itself, the permission section 28(c) asks for. And section 16(d) makes it a 5 to 10 year offence for a person who holds Zolpidem with permission to pass it to a person who does not, so sharing a lawful supply is itself an offence.
Documentation: A foreign prescription or a prescriber's letter evidences why a person holds zolpidem; it is not the permission section 28(c) asks for, which is a Ministry of Health permission granted in Myanmar under the direction of a registered medical practitioner. Where the rule comes from. The instrument is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, State Law and Order Restoration Council Law 1/93, as amended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018. The substance lists are not in the Law itself. Section 2(a)(i) makes the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and substances and drugs derived or extracted from them, narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, and section 2(a)(ii) adds what the Ministry of Health declares by notification, section 2(b) does the same for a psychotropic substance, and section 30(b), as substituted in 2018, is the power: the Central Body and the Ministries concerned may issue notifications, orders, directives, and procedures. The live lists are Notification 24/2025 for narcotic drugs and Notification 25/2025 for psychotropic substances. Checked 17 September 2026. Placement for Zolpidem: Notification 25/2025, List 4. Zolpidem is individually printed in List 4 immediately before the Myanmar-specific ketamine entry, making its current status explicit. The Law was further amended by the Second Amendment to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, enacted on 31 December 2025, whose English text was published in the Global New Light of Myanmar on 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5. That text carries no separate commencement clause. Among other changes, it replaced section 26, the deemed sale quantities, restored the expression «the Ministry of Health», replaced «Coca tree» with «Coca» in sections 2(a)(i) and 16(a), replaced the expression «life imprisonment without limit» in sections 19 and 20 with «life imprisonment», which its new section 2(i) defines, leaving the death alternative in section 20 in place, and raised the age in section 22(c) from 16 to 18; the other fields of this cell apply the Law as amended by it. The English text read is a newspaper publication of the law, not the official Burmese text.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Zolpidem: Notification 25/2025, List 4 · National Defence and Security Council Law 17/2025, English text, Global New Light of Myanmar, 7 January 2026, pages 3 and 5 · moi.gov.mm · Updated October 5, 2026

Zolpidem in Myanmar, full detail →

Not individually verified

7 substances are not individually verified for Myanmar

For these the governing national drug law is cited, but we have not verified that the substance specifically is scheduled under it. Treat them as unanswered, not as legal. Confirm with Myanmar’s drug authority or your embassy.

Substance	What we found
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)	Not confirmed. 7-hydroxymitragynine is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, as searched in...
Cannabinol	Not confirmed. cannabinol is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, as searched. Apart from the...
CBD	Not confirmed for CBD in Myanmar, and the reason is a boundary the sources read here could not settle. Notification...
GBL	Not confirmed for GBL in Myanmar. Notification 25/2025 was checked for GBL and for gamma-butyrolactone and it names...
HHC	Not confirmed. HHC is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, as searched. Apart from the poppy...
Khat	Not confirmed for khat in Myanmar, and the unresolved question is about the plant rather than its chemistry....
THC-P	Not confirmed. THC-P is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, as searched. Apart from the...

Drug laws and enforcement change and vary by country. This is not legal advice. Always confirm with the destination’s embassy or official drug authority before traveling; penalties can be severe, including imprisonment.

Before you travel

Verify current rules with the destination country’s official drug authority and your own country’s embassy before traveling. Find the destination’s U.S. embassy & official country guidance →
Non-U.S. travelers: check your own government’s travel advisory and embassy.

If you’re detained or arrested abroad

Contact your own country’s embassy or consulate in the destination immediately, not the destination’s authorities. U.S. citizens: contact the nearest U.S. embassy/consulate and the U.S. State Department at +1-202-501-4444 (from abroad). If a U.S. citizen is arrested or detained abroad →

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