LegalityCannabis / THC in Ecuador, full detail →Cocaine in Ecuador, full detail →Crack Cocaine in Ecuador, full detail →Heroin in Ecuador, full detail →MDA in Ecuador, full detail →MDMA in Ecuador, full detail →Methamphetamine in Ecuador, full detail →
Legal status in Ecuador
Per-substance legal status for Ecuador, from sourced statutes where available. Legal information, not legal advice; drug laws change, so confirm with the destination’s embassy or drug authority before you travel.
Confirmed legal status
Cannabis / THC
- Legal status
- Cannabis, personal-use possession non-punishable, but the former CONSEP threshold ([repealed] ~10 g) was repealed November 2023; NO defined quantity now, intent case-by-case; medical (<1% THC) legal
- Consequences if caught
- Personal-use possession is non-punishable in Ecuador (Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers; the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable, and CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023, the old bright-line thresholds NO LONGER EXIST, there is now NO defined personal-use quantity, and trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. For cannabis, the [repealed] former CONSEP threshold was about 10 g (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013), repealed November 2023 and NO LONGER current law. [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025.
- If prescribed / medical
- Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote); products under 1% THC are available via pharmacy.
- Documentation
- Personal-use possession is NON-PUNISHABLE: Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers, and the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable (CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013, about 10 g cannabis, 1 g cocaine, 0.1 g heroin, 0.015 g MDMA) was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023; those gram thresholds NO LONGER EXIST. There is now NO defined personal-use quantity, trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote; products under 1% THC via pharmacy). [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025. Ecuador has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.
Constitution (2008) Art 364 + COIP Arts 220/228 + CNJ Resolution 14-2023 + Executive Decree No. 28 (24 November 2023) · asamblea.gob.ec · defensoria.gob.ec · unodc.org · Updated June 26, 2026
Cocaine
- Legal status
- Cocaine, personal-use possession non-punishable, but the former CONSEP threshold ([repealed] about 1 g) was repealed November 2023; NO defined quantity now, trafficking intent assessed case-by-case
- Consequences if caught
- Personal-use possession is non-punishable in Ecuador (Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers; the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable, and CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023, the old bright-line thresholds NO LONGER EXIST, there is now NO defined personal-use quantity, and trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. For Cocaine, the [repealed] former CONSEP threshold was about 1 g (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013), repealed November 2023 and NO LONGER current law.
- If prescribed / medical
- Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
- Documentation
- Personal-use possession is NON-PUNISHABLE: Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers, and the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable (CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013, about 10 g cannabis, 1 g cocaine, 0.1 g heroin, 0.015 g MDMA) was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023; those gram thresholds NO LONGER EXIST. There is now NO defined personal-use quantity, trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote; products under 1% THC via pharmacy). [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025. Ecuador has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.
Constitution (2008) Art 364 + COIP Arts 220/228 + CNJ Resolution 14-2023 + Executive Decree No. 28 (24 November 2023) · asamblea.gob.ec · defensoria.gob.ec · unodc.org · Updated June 26, 2026
Crack Cocaine
- Legal status
- Crack is the freebase (base) form of cocaine and has no separate legal identity in Ecuador: it is controlled AS cocaine under Codigo Organico Integral Penal (COIP) art. 220; quantity tables set by Resolucion 002-CONSEP-CD-2014 of 9 July 2014; Corte Nacional de Justicia Resolucion 14-2023 clarifying arts. 220 and 228, whose scheduling of cocaine reaches its salts, preparations and therefore the base/freebase form. Crack is prohibited identically to cocaine.
- Consequences if caught
- Article 220 grades illicit trafficking of scheduled substances by scale against the CONSEP quantity tables: minima escala one to three years, mediana escala three to five years, alta escala five to seven years, and gran escala ten to thirteen years.
- If prescribed / medical
- Cocaine has at most narrow controlled medical use; the crack/freebase base has no medicinal preparation and cannot be prescribed. Scheduled substances circulate only under the fiscalisation regime the COIP references; a prohibited street drug has no prescribable form.
- Documentation
- No prescription documentation exists for this substance. Carry prescribed medicines in original packaging with the prescription; scheduled substances require authorisation under the fiscalisation regime.
cortenacional.gob.ec · Updated August 23, 2026
Heroin
- Legal status
- Heroin, personal-use possession non-punishable, but the former CONSEP threshold ([repealed] about 0.1 g) was repealed November 2023; NO defined quantity now, trafficking intent assessed case-by-case
- Consequences if caught
- Personal-use possession is non-punishable in Ecuador (Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers; the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable, and CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023, the old bright-line thresholds NO LONGER EXIST, there is now NO defined personal-use quantity, and trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. For Heroin, the [repealed] former CONSEP threshold was about 0.1 g (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013), repealed November 2023 and NO LONGER current law.
- If prescribed / medical
- Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
- Documentation
- Personal-use possession is NON-PUNISHABLE: Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers, and the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable (CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013, about 10 g cannabis, 1 g cocaine, 0.1 g heroin, 0.015 g MDMA) was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023; those gram thresholds NO LONGER EXIST. There is now NO defined personal-use quantity, trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote; products under 1% THC via pharmacy). [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025. Ecuador has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.
Constitution (2008) Art 364 + COIP Arts 220/228 + CNJ Resolution 14-2023 + Executive Decree No. 28 (24 November 2023) · asamblea.gob.ec · defensoria.gob.ec · unodc.org · Updated June 26, 2026
MDA
- Legal status
- Controlled, MDA is a scheduled psychotropic substance in Ecuador under Codigo Organico Integral Penal (COIP) art. 220; quantity tables set by Resolucion 002-CONSEP-CD-2014 of 9 July 2014; Corte Nacional de Justicia Resolucion 14-2023 clarifying arts. 220 and 228. Ecuador is a party to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, in which MDA is a Schedule I substance, and the national schedules give effect to that listing.
- Consequences if caught
- Article 220 grades illicit trafficking of scheduled substances by scale against the CONSEP quantity tables: minima escala one to three years, mediana escala three to five years, alta escala five to seven years, and gran escala ten to thirteen years.
- If prescribed / medical
- MDA has no recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route. Scheduled substances circulate only under the fiscalisation regime the COIP references; a prohibited street drug has no prescribable form.
- Documentation
- No prescription documentation exists for this substance. Carry prescribed medicines in original packaging with the prescription; scheduled substances require authorisation under the fiscalisation regime.
cortenacional.gob.ec · Updated August 23, 2026
MDMA
- Legal status
- MDMA, personal-use possession non-punishable, but the former CONSEP threshold ([repealed] about 0.015 g) was repealed November 2023; NO defined quantity now, trafficking intent assessed case-by-case
- Consequences if caught
- Personal-use possession is non-punishable in Ecuador (Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers; the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable, and CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023, the old bright-line thresholds NO LONGER EXIST, there is now NO defined personal-use quantity, and trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. For MDMA, the [repealed] former CONSEP threshold was about 0.015 g (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013), repealed November 2023 and NO LONGER current law.
- If prescribed / medical
- Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
- Documentation
- Personal-use possession is NON-PUNISHABLE: Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers, and the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable (CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013, about 10 g cannabis, 1 g cocaine, 0.1 g heroin, 0.015 g MDMA) was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023; those gram thresholds NO LONGER EXIST. There is now NO defined personal-use quantity, trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote; products under 1% THC via pharmacy). [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025. Ecuador has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.
Constitution (2008) Art 364 + COIP Arts 220/228 + CNJ Resolution 14-2023 + Executive Decree No. 28 (24 November 2023) · asamblea.gob.ec · defensoria.gob.ec · unodc.org · Updated June 26, 2026
Methamphetamine
- Legal status
- Prohibited, Methamphetamine is a controlled substance in Ecuador under Codigo Organico Integral Penal (COIP) art. 220; quantity tables set by Resolucion 002-CONSEP-CD-2014 of 9 July 2014; Corte Nacional de Justicia Resolucion 14-2023 clarifying arts. 220 and 228. Ecuador is a party to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Schedule II) and the national schedules give effect to that listing.
- Consequences if caught
- Article 220 grades illicit trafficking of scheduled substances by scale against the CONSEP quantity tables: minima escala one to three years, mediana escala three to five years, alta escala five to seven years, and gran escala ten to thirteen years.
- If prescribed / medical
- Scheduled substances circulate only under the fiscalisation regime the COIP references; a prohibited street drug has no prescribable form.
- Documentation
- Carry prescribed medicines in original packaging with the prescription; scheduled substances require authorisation under the fiscalisation regime.
cortenacional.gob.ec · Updated August 23, 2026
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Not individually verified
81 substances are not individually verified for Ecuador
For these the governing national drug law is cited, but we have not verified that the substance specifically is scheduled under it. Treat them as unanswered, not as legal. Confirm with Ecuador’s drug authority or your embassy.
| Substance | What we found |
|---|---|
| 1P-LSD | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 2-FDCK | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 25I-NBOMe | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 2C-B | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 2C-E | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 2C-I | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 2C-T-7 | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 3-MMC | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 4-AcO-DMT | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 4-HO-MET | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 5-MeO-DMT (Bufo / Toad) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 6-APB | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Adderall | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Alcohol | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Amanita muscaria | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Amphetamine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Amyl Nitrite | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Ayahuasca | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Barbiturates | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Benzodiazepines | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Buprenorphine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Caffeine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Cannabinol | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Cathinone | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| CBD | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Clonazepam | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Codeine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Delta-8-THC | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Diazepam | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| DMT | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| DOM | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| DXM | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Ephedrine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Etizolam | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Fentanyl | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Gabapentin | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| GBL | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| GHB | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| HHC | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Hydrocodone | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Ketamine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Khat | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Kratom | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Lorazepam | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| LSA (Morning Glory) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| LSD | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| MDPV | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Memantine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Mephedrone (4-MMC) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Mescaline | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Methadone | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Methaqualone (Quaaludes) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Methylone | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Methylphenidate | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Mitragynine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Modafinil | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Morphine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| MXE | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Nicotine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Nimetazepam | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Nitrous Oxide | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Opium | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Oxycodone | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| PCP | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Peyote | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Phenibut | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Pink Cocaine / Tusi | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Poppers | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Pregabalin | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Psilocybin | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Quetiapine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Salvia divinorum | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Scopolamine (Devil's Breath) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 / Spice) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| THC-P | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Tobacco | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Tramadol | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Xanax (Alprazolam) | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Xylazine | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
| Zolpidem | Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) /... |
Drug laws and enforcement change and vary by country. This is not legal advice. Always confirm with the destination’s embassy or official drug authority before traveling; penalties can be severe, including imprisonment.
Before you travel
Verify current rules with the destination country’s official drug authority and your own country’s embassy before traveling. Find the destination’s U.S. embassy & official country guidance →
Non-U.S. travelers: check your own government’s travel advisory and embassy.
If you’re detained or arrested abroad
Contact your own country’s embassy or consulate in the destination immediately, not the destination’s authorities. U.S. citizens: contact the nearest U.S. embassy/consulate and the U.S. State Department at +1-202-501-4444 (from abroad). If a U.S. citizen is arrested or detained abroad →