Is Xanax (Alprazolam) legal in Netherlands?

Legal status

Controlled as a soft drug. Alprazolam is named in lijst II of the Opiumwet and not in lijst I, and the row prints «alprazolam». That places it under article 3 and article 11 rather than article 2 and article 10, which is a materially lower tier. The live cell also recorded that it is regulated as a medicine under the Geneesmiddelenwet, and that is carried forward from it and not verified here.

Consequences if caught

The row is the bare INN with no alternative name and no description. The triazolobenzodiazepine flualprazolam is named separately in the same list. Use is not itself made an offence by the Opiumwet, which is why the Dutch position is often misread: article 2 and article 3 reach import, export, cultivation, preparation, sale, supply, transport, manufacture and presence, and presence is what a traveller carrying the substance has. Article 1, second limb, equates the salts of a substance with the substance itself. Article 11 carries the penalties for lijst II. Acting intentionally against article 3 under B, C or D carries imprisonment of up to 2 years, and up to 6 years where the person acts in the exercise of a profession or business. Intentionally bringing it into or out of the territory, article 3 under A, carries up to 4 years. Where the offence concerns a large quantity the two year and the four year cases both rise to 6 years. Article 1 of the Opiumwetbesluit fixes that large quantity at 500 gram hennep, 200 hennepplanten or 500 units of another lijst II substance. The fine is the fifth category, printed at 67.000 euro with an editorial note recording 110.000 euro from 1 January 2026. They describe the offences that this row's placement brings into play. Article 11, seventh limb, disapplies the two year and four year cases to a small quantity intended for own use of a lijst II substance, with hennep and hasjiesj expressly withheld from that relief.

If prescribed or medical

Bijlage 1 to the Opiumwetbesluit admits the lijst II substances as a class, with hasjiesj excepted, so article 2 of that decree leaves a lawful prescription route open where an authorised medicinal product exists. Carry it in its original packaging with the prescription. For Schengen travel the route is the article 75 certificate issued via the CAK, valid 30 days and covering up to 4 Schengen countries, with a legalised medical certificate valid 1 year beyond Schengen.

Documentation

Carry the Schengen Article 75 certificate and prescription, in original packaging, roughly a ≤3-month supply.

Drug laws and enforcement change and vary within a country. This is not legal advice. Always confirm with Netherlands’s embassy or official drug authority before traveling; penalties can be severe, including imprisonment.