Drug index / Cannabinoid / Cannabinol

Cannabinoid

Cannabinol

Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid and oxidative degradation product of THC found increasingly in aged cannabis. Listed by name in Singapore as a Class A controlled drug, separately from cannabis and cannabis resin — and named in no UN schedule.

Pending medical review. This page has not yet been checked by a clinician, so read it as general information, not medical advice.

Overview

Cannabinol (CBN) is one defined chemical compound in the cannabinoid family: CAS 521-35-7, PubChem CID 2543, molecular formula C₂₁H₂₆O₂, an oxygen-containing aromatic cannabinoid of the dibenzopyran class.

It is found in cannabis material, commonly in increasing proportion as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol oxidises and aromatises on exposure to air, heat and light. CBN is therefore precisely described as an oxidative degradation product of THC and a marker associated with aged cannabis. It is not oxidised cannabis, and it is not merely “old THC”.

Four labels that are not interchangeable. Cannabinol is a single compound. Δ9-THC is a different compound with a different formula, retaining a partially hydrogenated ring that CBN's aromatic structure does not. Cannabis is plant material or a statutory material category containing many constituents. Cannabis resin is a separated material, not CBN, not THC and not a synonym for plant material. Singapore lists all four separately, and that is the reason this page exists as its own page: a compound-specific legal entry cannot be answered with a cannabis-material summary.

“Sleepy cannabinoid” is a marketing nickname, not an established clinical indication.

Source: PubChem CID 2543; Misuse of Drugs Act 1973, First Schedule (Singapore Statutes Online).

Chemistry & mechanism of action

Cannabinol is a partial agonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor with markedly lower affinity and lower efficacy than tetrahydrocannabinol, and comparatively greater relative affinity at CB2, which sits mainly on immune cells rather than on neurons.

The practical result is that it is only weakly psychoactive. Estimates of its potency relative to THC vary between preparations and assays, but every line of evidence puts it well below THC rather than near it.

The widely repeated claim that cannabinol is specifically sedating is not well supported. It is confounded by the fact that CBN-rich material is aged material, which differs from fresh material in many ways at once, and controlled work isolating cannabinol has not reproduced a strong hypnotic effect.

Source: PubChem compound record; WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence cannabis reviews.

Effects

CBN interacts with cannabinoid receptors but is generally less potent at CB1 than Δ9-THC. It may have mild psychoactive effects at sufficient exposure.

Consumer products are often marketed for sleep, yet the human evidence base is limited and product claims should not be converted into medical conclusions. Recent controlled preclinical work supports biological activity and sleep effects in animals; that is not a general finding that any given CBN product is an effective or safe sleep medicine.

Because CBN is almost always encountered alongside other cannabinoids in aged plant material, most descriptions of what CBN feels like are descriptions of degraded cannabis rather than of the isolated compound.

Source: PubChem CID 2543; WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence cannabis reviews.

Risks & harms

Potential harms include drowsiness, impaired attention or coordination, and additive effects with alcohol, sedatives or other cannabinoids.

Commercial products can contain THC or other cannabinoids even when marketed around CBN, so legal status, impairment and drug-test risk can depend on the whole product rather than on the named ingredient. For any CBN-labelled product, the named compound and any co-present THC, cannabis material or resin are distinct questions, and only analysis separates them.

Safety data for highly purified CBN and for long-term repeated use remain limited compared with established medicines. The sharpest practical risk is legal: where a jurisdiction names cannabinol as a controlled drug, a product sold as a lawful wellness supplement elsewhere is a controlled-drug offence, and the packaging will not say so.

Source: PubChem CID 2543; WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence cannabis reviews; Misuse of Drugs Act 1973, First Schedule.

Legal status (US)

International: NONE FOUND. Cannabinol is not named in the current INCB Yellow List schedules under the 1961 Single Convention, nor in the INCB Green List schedules under the 1971 Convention. The Green List names tetrahydrocannabinol isomers and Δ9-THC; the Yellow List names cannabis and cannabis resin. Those entries do not say “cannabinol”. CBN's treaty position must not be inferred from the spelling overlap with tetrahydrocannabinol — a search hit created only by the line-wrapped word TETRAHYDRO-CANNABINOL is not a cannabinol entry. National laws control CBN independently of the treaties.

Singapore. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 lists Cannabinol at item (23) of the First Schedule, Part 1 — a Class A controlled drug — with Cannabinol derivatives following as a separate entry at item (24), and Cannabis and cannabis resin separate again at item (25). The Fourth Schedule names cannabinol at item 2B and cannabinol derivatives at item 2C as specified drugs, with cannabis separate at item 2D. Sections 5, 7 and 8 prohibit unauthorised trafficking, import and export, possession and consumption; section 8(b)(ii) supplies the named consumption offence — which is why the Singapore case record contains charges worded as consumption of a cannabinol derivative — and section 8A applies it to citizens and permanent residents outside Singapore in the circumstances stated. “Cannabinol derivatives” is defined in Part 4 of the First Schedule and covers tetrahydro and hexahydro derivatives of cannabinol, their carboxylic acid derivatives, 3-alkyl homologues of cannabinol, and tetrahydro or hexahydro derivatives of those homologues.

Section 17 trafficking presumption: NONE FOUND. Section 17 names opium, morphine, diamorphine, cannabis at 15 grammes, cannabis mixture at 30 grammes, cannabis resin at 10 grammes, cocaine, methamphetamine, ketamine and the MDMA-group compounds. It does not name cannabinol or cannabinol derivatives, and the cannabis and cannabis-resin figures do not migrate to CBN. NONE FOUND is not zero: no quantity triggers the presumption, and trafficking may still be proved by evidence. No cannabinol-specific Second Schedule quantity band was located either, so the Class A framework applies unless another proved substance or material entry changes the analysis — do not borrow the cannabis or cannabis-resin capital thresholds for a pure CBN charge.

This section is under editorial and legal review. Do not treat availability in one market as evidence of legality in another.

Source: Misuse of Drugs Act 1973, First Schedule Part 1 items (23)-(25) and Part 4, Fourth Schedule items 2B-2D, Second Schedule, and ss 5, 7, 8, 8A and 17 (Singapore Statutes Online, current version as at 1 Jun 2026); INCB Yellow List 65th edition and Green List 36th edition, both searched by exact name: no cannabinol entry.

Loading international legality & penalties…

Drug laws and enforcement change and vary by country. This is not legal advice. Always confirm with the destination’s embassy or official drug authority before traveling, because penalties can be severe, including imprisonment.

Before you travel

Verify current rules with the destination country’s official drug authority and your own country’s embassy before traveling. Find the destination’s U.S. embassy & official country guidance →
Non-U.S. travelers: check your own government’s travel advisory and embassy.

If you’re detained or arrested abroad

Contact your own country’s embassy or consulate in the destination immediately, not the destination’s authorities. U.S. citizens: contact the nearest U.S. embassy/consulate and the U.S. State Department at +1-202-501-4444 (from abroad). If a U.S. citizen is arrested or detained abroad →

Images

Visual references coming soon.

If it’s too intense

If an experience becomes overwhelming, the goal is to stay safe and let it pass, most difficult experiences ease as the drug wears off.

Get to a calm, safe space with someone you trust who is sober and can stay with you.
Cool down if you’re overheating, move somewhere cool, remove extra layers, rest. Overheating is especially a risk with stimulants and MDMA.
Sip water to thirst, but don’t over-hydrate. Drinking large amounts of plain water (especially after MDMA) can dangerously dilute your blood sodium (hyponatremia). Electrolytes help more than volume.
Slow your breathing, long, slow exhales help settle a racing heart and anxiety.
A sugary drink, fruit juice, or a snack can ease shakiness and the anxiety that comes with low blood sugar.
Do not take more, and do not add another substance to manage it. Redosing or adding something else (including a sedative like a benzodiazepine) can make things worse, not better.

With cannabis, anxiety or a racing heart usually pass with time. Sit somewhere calm, sip water, and rest, strong edibles in particular can take hours to ease.

Call 911 (or Poison Control, 1-800-222-1222) right away for chest pain, a very high body temperature, a seizure, unconsciousness, or severe confusion. These are medical emergencies, not something to wait out.

Source: general harm-reduction guidance from SAMHSA, NIH/NIDA, and MedlinePlus, in our own words. Draft, not yet medically reviewed.

Dosage

Pending medical reviewer

Sources

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International

Japan

Legal status: Cannabinol is a 指定薬物, a designated substance, under the pharmaceuticals Act in Japan. The entry is 「六・六・九―トリメチル―三―ペンチル―六Ｈ―ジベンゾ［ｂ・ｄ］ピラン―一―オール及びその塩類」 at 省令第一条第百八十六号 of 平成十九年厚生労働省令第十四号, which is 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol and its salts. CBN is controlled in Japan and it is not a narcotic. It became a designated substance on 1 June 2026, by 令和八年厚生労働省令第二十四号, promulgated on 18 March 2026, whose 附則 reads 「この省令は、令和八年六月一日から施行する。」. Before that date CBN was in none of the lists; from it, a product containing CBN is a 指定薬物 product whatever its delta 9 THC content. This is the position on the designated substances list status 6 September 2026, with the narcotics tables status 6 September 2026 and the psychotropics tables status 3 October 2025 read for the other lanes, and the e-Gov text of the ordinance as at 2 October 2026. The pharmaceuticals Act's 第二条第十五項 keeps narcotics, psychotropics, stimulants and opium out of the designated substances list, so the three MHLW lists do not overlap.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. No Japanese drug statute provides a death sentence: 死刑 appears in the main provisions of none of the 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法 (the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act), the 覚醒剤取締法 (the Stimulants Control Act), the あへん法 (the Opium Act), the 大麻草の栽培の規制に関する法律 (the Cannabis Plant Cultivation Act), the pharmaceuticals Act (the PMD Act) or the 麻薬特例法 (the Narcotics Special Provisions Act), each read on e-Gov on 2 October 2026. Japan has not abolished capital punishment: 刑法第九条 lists it among the principal punishments, 「死刑、拘禁刑、罰金、拘留及び科料を主刑とし、没収を付加刑とする。」, and 第百九十九条 provides it for murder. Every penalty below reads 拘禁刑, the single form of imprisonment that replaced 懲役 and 禁錮 on the day described in the ministerial ordinance's own words as 「刑法等の一部を改正する法律の施行の日（令和七年六月一日）」, 1 June 2025; under 刑法第十二条第一項「有期拘禁刑は、一月以上二十年以下とする。」, so an open ended fixed term such as one year or more runs to twenty years, and 第十四条第二項 allows an aggravated fixed term to rise to thirty. The drug statutes took the new term from 令和四年法律第六十八号. Life imprisonment appears in the drug statutes in three places only: 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法第六十四条第二項 (heroin imported, exported or made for profit), 覚醒剤取締法第四十一条第二項 (stimulants imported, exported or made for profit) and 麻薬特例法第五条 (dealing in any 規制薬物 as a business). The designated substances regime sits in the pharmaceuticals Act, 昭和三十五年法律第百四十五号, not in the narcotics statutes, and its prohibition is 第七十六条の四: 「指定薬物は、疾病の診断、治療又は予防の用途及び人の身体に対する危害の発生を伴うおそれがない用途として厚生労働省令で定めるもの（以下この条及び次条において「医療等の用途」という。）以外の用途に供するために製造し、輸入し、販売し、授与し、所持し、購入し、若しくは譲り受け、又は医療等の用途以外の用途に使用してはならない。」 Doing any of the commercial acts as a business is 第八十三条の九, 「第七十六条の四の規定に違反して、業として、指定薬物を製造し、輸入し、販売し、若しくは授与したとき又は指定薬物を所持したとき（販売又は授与の目的で貯蔵し、又は陳列したときに限る。）は、当該違反行為をした者は、五年以下の拘禁刑若しくは五百万円以下の罰金に処し、又はこれを併科する。」, up to five years or a fine of up to five million yen or both. Everything else, simple possession, purchase and use included, is 第八十四条第二十八号, 「第七十六条の四の規定に違反したとき（前条に該当するときを除く。）。」, under which 第八十四条 provides 「次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、その違反行為をした者は、三年以下の拘禁刑若しくは三百万円以下の罰金に処し、又はこれを併科する。」, up to three years or a fine of up to three million yen or both. A 指定薬物 is not a 規制薬物 under 麻薬特例法第二条第一項, so the life term in that Act's 第五条 does not reach cannabinol.
If prescribed / medical: There is no prescription route. 第七十六条の四 allows a 指定薬物 only for the 医療等の用途 that 平成十九年厚生労働省令第十四号第二条 lists: academic research or testing by named public bodies, the tests and inspections under 法第六十九条第四項 and 第六項, 法第七十六条の六第一項 and 法第七十六条の八第一項, criminal forensics, the substance specific uses in its table, and 「前各号に掲げる用途のほか、厚生労働大臣が人の身体に対する危害の発生を伴うおそれがないと認めた用途」. The ordinance's table gives CBN two uses of its own: 「学術研究又は試験検査の用途（ただし、第一号に掲げる者における場合を除き、かつ、人の身体に使用する場合以外の場合に限る。）」, research or testing not on the human body, and processing of cannabis by licensed cannabis growers. Separately, the MHLW drug abuse page describes a patient route: «他に代替できる治療法がない難治性の疾患又は障害の診断を受け、ＣＢＮを含む製品を使用する必要性がある方（以下「患者」といいます。）は、所定の手続きを経ることで、医療等の用途として継続的に使用することができます。» That is a domestic procedure for a diagnosed patient, not a traveller permission. A foreign prescription for cannabinol is not among those uses and the pharmaceuticals Act has no traveller permission for a 指定薬物 of the kind the narcotics and stimulant raw material lanes have.
Documentation: A foreign prescription does not make cannabinol importable, and an individual traveller cannot bring it into Japan for personal use at all: 第七十六条の四 forbids importing a 指定薬物 for any purpose outside the 医療等の用途, and personal use is not one of them. No permission is issued and no document helps. The MHLW personal import guidance says the same of every controlled item, «Regardless of the description above, you cannot bring prohibited drugs and controlled drugs into Japan.» The ordinance opens 「医薬品、医療機器等の品質、有効性及び安全性の確保等に関する法律（昭和三十五年法律第百四十五号。以下「法」という。）第二条第十五項の規定に基づき、次に掲げる物を指定薬物に指定する。」 and 省令第一条第三百六十六号 extends the list to anything containing a designated substance, 「前各号に掲げる物のいずれかを含有する物。ただし、サルビア　ディビノラム（直ちに人の身体に使用可能な形状のものに限る。）及びミトラガイナ　スペシオーサ（ミトラガイナ属に属する他の種との交雑種を含み、直ちに人の身体に使用可能な形状のものに限る。）以外の植物を除く。」 Placement relied on: the MHLW designated substances list status 6 September 2026 (the English list headed as of September 6, 2026, 2,484 substances; the Japanese index dates its own copy 令和８年８月27日現在 and gives the same total).

Japan · e-Gov law data API (Digital Agency), XML fetched 2 October 2026 · the e-Gov web pages are JavaScript shells, so the API text was cached and read · 省令第一条第百八十六号 of the designated substances ordinance, entry 「六・六・九―トリメチル―三―ペンチル―六Ｈ―ジベンゾ［ｂ・ｄ］ピラン―一―オール及びその塩類」 · 医薬品、医療機器等の品質、有効性及び安全性の確保等に関する法律第二条第十五項に規定する指定薬物及び同法第七十六条の四に規定する医療等の用途を定める省令平成十九年厚生労働省令第十四号, last amended by 令和八年厚生労働省令第百三十五号, in force with 令和八年政令第二百五十八号 on 2026-09-06, https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/419M60000100014 · pharmaceuticals Act 昭和三十五年法律第百四十五号第二条第十五項第七十六条の四第八十三条の九第八十四条, as amended among others by 令和五年法律第六十三号 and 令和七年法律第三十七号, https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/335AC0000000145 · MHLW designated substances list status 6 September 2026, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11120000/001743042.pdf · Japanese list https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11120000/001743040.pdf · MHLW personal import guidance, read 2 October 2026, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iyakuhin/kojinyunyu/topics/tp010401-1_00001.html · Updated October 2, 2026

Singapore

Legal status: Class A controlled drug. Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 (Singapore), First Schedule, Part 1 (Class A Drugs), entry (23), which reads "Cannabinol".
Consequences if caught: Second Schedule reach: none. The Second Schedule carries 20 rows imposing "Death" and they name exactly eight terms: opium, morphine, diamorphine, cocaine, cannabis, cannabis mixture, cannabis resin and methamphetamine. This substance is none of those eight and it is not reached through any of them, so the Second Schedule sets no capital band for it. Cannabinol derivatives are separately listed at entry (24). A preparation of cannabinol in vegetable matter together with tetrahydrocannabinol can additionally be a cannabis mixture within the section 2 definition, and that form does carry a capital band above 1,000 grammes. Trafficking in a Class A drug carries "Maximum 20 years and 15 strokes" with a minimum of "5 years and 5 strokes"; unauthorised import, export or manufacture of a Class A drug carries "Maximum 30 years or imprisonment for life and 15 strokes". Consumption and possession are separately punishable.
If prescribed / medical: Any authorised medical or scientific handling is under the Act and its regulations. Do not rely on a foreign prescription without checking with the Health Sciences Authority before travelling. Nothing here authorises possession.
Documentation: VERIFIED against the instrument. Instrument: Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 (Singapore). Section: First Schedule, Part 1 (Class A Drugs), entry (23). URL: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MDA1973. The whole Second Schedule was read before the capital statement above was written: it names eight terms and this is not one of them.

Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 (Singapore), First Schedule, Second Schedule, Third Schedule and Fifth Schedule, on Singapore Statutes Online at https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MDA1973, read as at the version the page marks "Current version as at 17 Sep 2026", the most recent amendment shown on its own timeline being S 321/2026 with effect from 1 June 2026 · Updated October 2, 2026

United Arab Emirates

Legal status: Not confirmed. No entry matching cannabinol was found in the complete schedules of Decision No. 158 of 2025 after an exact name, abbreviation and cannabinoid block search. The Arabic string «كانابينول؛ CBN» is the dossier's search record of the terms tested and not a schedule entry. The finding that matters here is a typesetting one: the cannabinoid entries print specified tetrahydrocannabinol variants along with dronabinol, nabilone and hexahydrocannabinol, and the search did not read the tetrahydrocannabinol heading as the distinct cannabinol molecule. The two names differ by four letters in English and by a prefix in Arabic, which is exactly the kind of near match that produces a false placement, and the dossier records that it was avoided deliberately. The search was run on 20 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The schedule status of cannabinol is genuinely open, so neither Article 57 nor Article 58 can be assigned and no capital quantity threshold is inferred. The surrounding entries are what make this uncomfortable rather than reassuring: the tetrahydrocannabinol variants and hexahydrocannabinol that the search did find are Article 57 substances on this record, so a product misdescribed or misidentified as one of those is answered on a quantity free capital route. Nothing here says cannabinol is permitted, only that no placement was returned for it.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription question can be answered while the placement is open, because there is no established schedule position for a prescription or a permit to evidence. The dossier records at the modafinil row that a 268 entry ministry travellers list was checked and expressly not used as a schedule, which would not resolve this row. The question is deferred.
Documentation: No documentation route can be described for an unplaced compound. Provenance: the search for this row tested cannabinol and the abbreviation against the complete schedules on 20 September 2026, recorded the cannabinoid entries as printing specified tetrahydrocannabinol variants, dronabinol, nabilone and hexahydrocannabinol, and returned no cannabinol placement. The practical point is that a cannabinol product is rarely a single compound preparation, and anything else in it that is named in the schedules brings its own row with it.

United Arab Emirates, Decision No. 158 of 2025, complete schedules searched for cannabinol and its abbreviation with no matching entry returned · the string «كانابينول؛ CBN» is the dossier's search record and not a printed schedule entry · the same search recorded the cannabinoid entries as printing specified tetrahydrocannabinol variants, dronabinol, nabilone and hexahydrocannabinol, none treated as a match and the typeset tetrahydrocannabinol heading expressly not read as this molecule · Updated September 21, 2026

China

Legal status: Not confirmed, verify with Chinese embassy
Consequences if caught: Zero-tolerance regime: under Criminal Law Article 347, smuggling, selling, transporting, or manufacturing drugs is punished regardless of quantity. Importing narcotics/psychotropics requires an Import/Export License from the State Council's drug regulatory department. This specific substance was not named by a reachable source.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed, verify with the Chinese embassy before travel.
Documentation: Written documentation from a medical institution proving the medicine is necessary; customs verifies the amount against the original prescription and retains a copy (one prescription = one inspection). Psychotropic-drug allowances can be as short as a 3-7 day supply.

npc.gov.cn · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Russia

Legal status: Not confirmed. The dossier records no entry for cannabinol in the Decree 681 lists as amended up to Government Decree No. 880 of 11 June 2025, checked on 18 September 2026, but it quotes only the title of the list, not an entry or a closing line, Russia's lists are amended by government decree, and the dossier describes a closed list plus analogue model whose analogue route this row does not resolve. So the absence is recorded as a search result, not published as an answer. Search record from the dossier for this row: instruments checked, Перечень, утв. Постановлением № 681; Decree 681 and Decree 1002 checked; text quoted, «Перечень наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров» / “List of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors”; checked 18 Sep 2026; finding, “Cannabinol is not separately named; liability depends on product composition or analogue proof. Decree 1002 gives no CBN amount.”
Consequences if caught: Not confirmed. The dossier assigns no Decree 1002 amount and no article 228 or 228.1 ceiling to cannabinol on this record. No penalty is stated here, because the substance's position under the drug lists is not settled from the dossier.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed. The dossier states no prescription route for cannabinol.
Documentation: Not confirmed. The dossier states no traveller documentation rule for cannabinol.

pravo.gov.ru · pravo.gov.ru · Updated October 3, 2026

Thailand

Legal status: Controlled as an extract, by the tetrahydrocannabinol content of the preparation rather than by its own name. Cannabinol is not named anywhere in the notification specifying Category 5 narcotics. A cannabinol preparation obtained from cannabis or hemp is an extract, and extracts from every part of those plants are Category 5 narcotics unless one of two narrow exemptions applies. [Likely] That finding is carried forward from the entry published before this batch and was not re-derived from statute in this pass. Not confirmed for Cannabinol, and the reason is a reach question that did not settle rather than an absence that did. The search ran in Thai and in Latin script across the Thai FDA narcotics table updated 15 September 2025 and the B.E. 2565 psychotropic naming notices. The nearest entry it reached was tetrahydrocannabinol, and that was rejected because it is a different molecule and this scheme names molecules rather than families. CBN is a degradation product of THC and a different molecule from it, and the cannabis extract rules are a separate question from the narcotics table. A second check of the Narcotics Code's salts, derivatives and preparations language and of the Minister's notification power did not establish that Cannabinol is automatically caught, so the exact criminal classification remains open. This is not a finding that Cannabinol is uncontrolled in Thailand, and it is not a finding that the near entry catches it either.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. No capital and no life exposure can be stated for Cannabinol and neither can be ruled out, because no category was proved and in this scheme the ceiling follows the placement: with the placement open there is no section 145, 146 or 149 figure to attach. The rejected near entry carries its own exposure and it is not this substance's, since tetrahydrocannabinol is the cannabis constituent the extract rules turn on. If a later notification placed Cannabinol in Category I, the section 145 paragraph 3 death alternative would still be discretionary and circumstance based, reserved for an organised network leader or a state or public security impact, and never triggered by a stated quantity. Treat the risk as unquantified rather than as low.
If prescribed / medical: No proved schedule placement exists for Cannabinol in this reading, so there is no category to attach a medical or traveller route to. Thailand's country level traveller rule for personal medication was not established by this reading. The sources opened were the Narcotics Code B.E. 2564, the Thai FDA narcotics table updated 15 September 2025 and the B.E. 2565 psychotropic naming notices in the Royal Gazette, and the dossier is explicit that its findings come from those naming instruments and not from a traveller permit label, so no import permit route, no personal supply quantity ceiling and no certificate requirement can be stated here for Cannabinol. Two things are open at once here, the classification and the permission, and the second cannot be answered before the first. What is missing from this row is the permission, not the classification, and the gap is in what was read rather than a finding that no lawful route exists. The extract route in this set is answered in the CBD row under Category V conditions, and this row was not resolved by it.

Indonesia

Legal status: Not a narkotika and not a psikotropika under Indonesia's Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika or Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1997 tentang Psikotropika: named in none of the seven current golongan: Narkotika Golongan I, II and III of Permenkes No. 15 Tahun 2025, and Psikotropika Golongan I, II, III and IV of Permenkes No. 14 Tahun 2025. Cannabinol is not named and is not reached by the isomer clause, and a text search suggests otherwise. Every apparent hit for cannabinol is the tail of the word Tetrahydrocannabinol in the two THC entries. CBN itself has no entry. The model: each Act carries its own list for the first time only, and every change since is a Ministerial regulation. Pasal 6(1) of Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika divides narcotics into Golongan I, II and III. Pasal 6(2) then provides that 「Penggolongan Narkotika sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) untuk pertama kali ditetapkan sebagaimana tercantum dalam Lampiran I dan merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari Undang-Undang ini」, so the Act's own annex governs only the first classification. The empowering article is Pasal 6(3): 「Ketentuan mengenai perubahan penggolongan Narkotika sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri」. The psychotropics Act is built the same way: Pasal 2(3) of Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1997 tentang Psikotropika sets the four golongan 「untuk pertamakali」 in its annex and Pasal 2(4) provides that 「Ketentuan lebih lanjut untuk penetapan dan perubahan jenis-jenis psikotropika sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) diatur oleh Menteri」. So neither Act's annex is the operative list today. The narcotics list in force is the Lampiran to Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 15 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Penggolongan Narkotika, ditetapkan 21 November 2025, diundangkan 28 November 2025, Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 989, which revoked Permenkes Nomor 7 Tahun 2025. The psychotropics list in force is the Lampiran to Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 14 Tahun 2025 tentang Penetapan dan Perubahan Penggolongan Psikotropika, Berita Negara Tahun 2025 Nomor 988, which revoked Permenkes Nomor 6 Tahun 2025. The Act itself was last amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023. One part of the scheme is still in the Act and not in any regulation: the Prekursor Narkotika in Lampiran II, Tabel I and Tabel II, which neither Permenkes restates.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Neither Act creates an offence for this substance, so neither the narcotics ladder in Pasal 111 to 127 nor the psychotropics offences in Pasal 59 and following can engage on any facts. What governs it instead is named in the status above. Nor is it an isomer of THC. The tetrahydrocannabinol entry reaches 「semua isomer serta semua bentuk stereo kimianya」, and cannabinol is C21H26O2 while tetrahydrocannabinol is C21H30O2. Different molecular formulae, so not isomers, and that is a matter of chemistry rather than construction. What does reach it is the cannabis entry itself: CBN forms as THC degrades, so cannabinol in or from plant material is a 「hasil olahan tanaman ganja」, a processed product of the cannabis plant, and is Golongan I on that footing. Isolated synthetic CBN from no plant source is the case the lists do not reach. Neither reaches this substance, and not because the penalty is low but because no offence under either Act engages at all. The capital provisions are Pasal 113(2), 114(2) and 116(2) for Golongan I narcotics, Pasal 118(2), 119(2) and 121(2) for Golongan II, and Pasal 59(2) of the psychotropics Act for Golongan I psychotropics. Every one of them operates on a substance in a named Golongan, and this substance is in none of the seven lists: Narkotika Golongan I, II and III, and Psikotropika Golongan I, II, III and IV. Golongan III narcotics carry no death penalty in any event. The precursor tables in Lampiran II of the Act were also read and this substance is in neither of them, so Pasal 129 does not apply either. No quantity and no conduct reaches a capital or life sentence for it under these two Acts. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: Permenkes 15/2025 and 14/2025 were read and no entry for this substance was located under the names searched. That is an unresolved search and not a finding of absence: the lists print chemical names and a name not searched for is a name not found.

Saudi Arabia

Legal status: Not confirmed. A placement for cannabinol was not established, and the reason is a chemical distinction that is easy to lose. The schedules attached to the Law of Combating Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, Royal Decree M/39 of 1426 AH, in the version issued on 4 September 2026, were searched from Schedule I to Schedule IV for cannabinol and no matching entry was verified. The search record reads «سجل البحث الخاص بـ cannabinol: فُحصت الجداول من الأول إلى الرابع ولم يُتحقق من قيد مطابق.», the item specific search record for cannabinol, the schedules from the first to the fourth were examined and no matching entry was verified. What was searched: “cannabinol”, “CBN”, «كانابينول»; the dronabinol and tetrahydrocannabinol entries were checked and are chemically distinct from CBN. That is the whole of it. Dronabinol is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol is its oxidised degradation product, and a name that looks like a shortening of the other is not an entry. Cannabis itself is separately scheduled at Schedule I Category A and is a prohibited plant under Schedule IV, so plant material is reached whatever this row says about the isolated molecule.
Consequences if caught: Not established. The status of cannabinol in Saudi Arabia was not established on this record, so no offence, penalty band, quantity threshold or capital position is stated for it here. A penalty attaches through a placement, and this row does not prove one. That is not a finding that cannabinol is lawful in Saudi Arabia, and the absence of a penalty in this cell is not a statement that there is none.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol in Saudi Arabia. The status was not established on this record, so there is no placement for a medical route, an import permit or a personal medicine allowance to attach to, and none is asserted here.
Documentation: No documentation requirement is stated for cannabinol in Saudi Arabia, because the status it would depend on was not established on this record. Nothing in this cell is advice on carrying, declaring or importing it.

Saudi Arabia, Law of Combating Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, Royal Decree M/39 of 1426 AH, Articles 1 and 70 to 71 for identification and schedule maintenance and Articles 37 to 41 for the penalties that would follow a placement · Schedules I to IV in the version issued on 4 September 2026 were searched for cannabinol with no entry verified, the dronabinol and tetrahydrocannabinol entries being chemically distinct. The schedules were read at https://sfda.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2026-09/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%202026.pdf, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority copy, and the penalty articles at https://www.moh.gov.sa/eServices/Licences/Documents/17.pdf, the Ministry of Health copy of M/39, with the statute text cross-checked against the readable transcription at https://github.com/Ahmed-Sleem/SaudiLegalCorpus · Updated October 4, 2026

Malaysia

Legal status: Cannabinol is not named in the First Schedule to the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, and it is not one of the cannabinoids that are. Part III names «delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol», «delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol», their 8-beta-hydroxy and 11-hydroxy forms, «11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid», «Parahexyl» and «Tetrahydrocannabinols» under a specific chemical designation. Cannabinol is the fully aromatic oxidation product of THC, and is neither a tetrahydrocannabinol nor an isomer, ester, ether or salt of one. It matters far more where the cannabinol is: in practice it is in cannabis, and «Cannabis» is named in Parts I and II and «Extract or tincture of cannabis» in Part III, so cannabinol inside plant material or an extract is caught by those entries and not by any entry of its own.
Consequences if caught: Section 39B(2) reaches cannabinol through the material it is in, not through an entry of its own. Cannabinol is not named in the First Schedule and it is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, but section 2 defines cannabis as «any part of any plant of the genus Cannabis from which there is found to be present resin irrespective of its quantity», so cannabinol inside plant material or inside an extract is caught by «Cannabis» in Parts I and II and by «Extract or tincture of cannabis» in Part III. The chain is short and it passes through no weight at any point. Section 2 defines a «dangerous drug» as «any drug or substance which is for the time being comprised in the First Schedule», section 39B(1) prohibits trafficking in «a dangerous drug», whether on your own behalf or on behalf of any other person, and section 39B(2) sets the penalty. And the word «trafficking» is itself defined in section 2, far wider than selling: it «includes the doing of any of the following acts, that is to say, manufacturing, importing, exporting, keeping, concealing, buying, selling, giving, receiving, storing, administering, transporting, carrying, sending, delivering, procuring, supplying or distributing any dangerous drug otherwise than under the authority of this Act or the regulations made under the Act». Keeping, carrying and storing are on that list, so nothing commercial has to be shown. The weight that counts is the weight of the material. Section 37(da)(vi) to (viii) set 200 grammes for cannabis, for cannabis resin and for the two combined, and no cannabinol content is assayed against it. Section 37(da) closes with the words «otherwise than in accordance with the authority of this Act or any other written law, shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be trafficking in the said drug», so it is a rebuttable presumption about proof and not a definition of the offence, and the words «until the contrary is proved» are what put the defendant to proof. Section 39B(2) itself turns on quantity at no point. Below trafficking there are two further tiers, and they are a separate list from the presumption weights. Section 39A(1)(f) to (h) applies where the subject matter is 20 grammes or more but less than 50 grammes of the material, and sets «imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than two years but shall not exceed five years» with «whipping of not less than three strokes but not more than nine strokes». Section 39A(2)(f) to (h) applies where the offence is «not punishable with death» and the subject matter is 50 grammes or more of it, and sets «imprisonment for life or for a term which shall not be less than five years» with «whipping of not less than ten strokes». Death is available and it is no longer mandatory, and the change has a date. Section 39B(2) once read simply «on conviction with death». The Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 2017, Act A1558, in force 15 March 2018, opened a narrow gate out of that, a date carried forward from the earlier reading and not re-derived in this pass. The Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Act 2023, Act 846, came into operation on 4 July 2023, and section 54 of it is the whole of what it did to the Dangerous Drugs Act: it substituted «be punished with whipping of not less than twelve strokes» for fifteen strokes in subsection (2), and it deleted subsections (2A) and (2B), which were the mandatory death machinery. Section 39B(2) now reads, in full: «Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be punished on conviction with death or imprisonment for life and shall, if he is not sentenced to death, be punished with whipping of not less than twelve strokes.» So the court chooses between death and imprisonment for life with no precondition, and at least twelve strokes follow any sentence that is not death. Act 846 is widely described as replacing life with a term of thirty to forty years. It did that in the Penal Code, the Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971, the Arms Act 1960, the Kidnapping Act 1961, the Strategic Trade Act 2010 and the Criminal Procedure Code. It did not do it here: the words «imprisonment for life» in section 39B(2) are untouched and no definition of that phrase appears anywhere in the Dangerous Drugs Act, so no year figure is stated in this cell. Section 55 of Act 846 applies the amended section to anyone sentenced after it came into operation even where the offence was committed before. Below trafficking the possession offence is not section 12, and that catches people out. Section 11(1) confines Part IV of the Act, where section 12 sits, to «dangerous drugs listed in Parts III, IV and V of the First Schedule», so a Part I or Part II entry is reached by different sections. Section 6 makes keeping or having in possession, custody or control any cannabis, or the seeds of the plant, an offence punishable by «a fine not exceeding twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or both». Section 9(1)(b) does the same on the same penalty, because section 8 construes every reference to prepared opium in that Part of the Act as including «cannabis, cannabis resin and substances of which such resin forms the base». Consumption is section 10(2), at a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both, and it reaches possessing a pipe or other utensil as well as smoking. Section 15, the self-administration provision, does not apply at all, because it is confined to drugs in Parts III and IV of the Schedule. Three procedural consequences follow automatically. Section 41(1) removes a section 39B charge from the Sessions Court and the Magistrates' Court, so it is tried in the High Court, and section 41A(3) has it tried by a judge sitting alone. Section 41B(1) provides that bail «shall not be granted» where the offence is punishable with death, and also where it is punishable with imprisonment for more than five years. Section 38A, which lets a court deal with a drug dependant under eighteen under the Drug Dependants (Treatment and Rehabilitation) Act 1983 rather than punish him, is expressly unavailable for a section 39B offence. Section 39C separately escalates a repeat offender under the consumption and possession provisions to not less than five and not more than seven years with not more than three strokes. Isolated cannabinol, synthesised or fully purified away from plant material, is a different question, and on the text of the Act it is not a dangerous drug: Part III names delta-8 and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, their 8-beta-hydroxy and 11-hydroxy forms, «11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid», «Parahexyl» and «Tetrahydrocannabinols» under a fixed chemical designation, and cannabinol, the fully aromatic oxidation product, is none of them and is not an isomer of any of them. It is not in the Third Schedule to the Poisons Act 1952 either, so the section 30 psychotropic offence does not reach it. Do not read that as permission. The Dangerous Drugs Act carries no analogue clause at all, measured across the whole Act, so a substance is in or out on the naming; but section 45A provides that where the Minister «considers it expedient to add a substance to, or remove a substance from, or vary the First Schedule, he may by order make the requisite modifications», and he has used it twice since the consolidated text, by P.U. (A) 97 gazetted 2 April 2024 and P.U. (A) 416 gazetted 25 November 2025. An order takes effect on gazetting and there is no notice period. Customs may also treat an unlisted substance as a prohibited import under a separate order that was not read for this cell.

South Korea

Legal status: Not confirmed, verify with Korea's MFDS / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named by a reachable South Korean source. South Korea controls 478 substances under the Narcotics Control Act, with a minimum of 1 year's imprisonment for possession/use of narcotics/psychotropics. Distinctively, South Korea prosecutes its own citizens for drug use committed abroad even where it was legal there (hair-follicle testing on return, up to 5 years); foreign nationals face deportation and a re-entry ban.
If prescribed / medical: Controlled-substance medicines require MFDS advance approval before travel; verify this substance's status with the MFDS / your embassy.
Documentation: MFDS advance approval is required for controlled-substance medicines (including CBD/THC oil, amphetamines, opiates, and benzodiazepines), apply online before travel (email narcotics@korea.kr). Non-controlled medicines are allowed up to 6 bottles / a 3-month supply with a prescription and a doctor's letter.

elaw.klri.re.kr · kr.usembassy.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

United Kingdom

Legal status: Controlled as a Class B drug. Part II of Schedule 2 to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 names it at paragraph 1(a) in the entry «Cannabinol», entered on 26 January 2009 by S.I. 2008/3130; the separate entry «Cannabinol derivatives» follows it, so the parent compound and its derivatives are two entries, and section 2(1)(b) of the Act provides that «the expressions “Class A drug”, “Class B drug” and “Class C drug” mean any of the substances and products for the time being specified respectively in Part I, Part II and Part III of that Schedule». Schedule 2 was read as in force on 2 October 2026 in the legislation.gov.uk revised text, which records no known outstanding effects and incorporates S.I. 2024/1361, in force 15 January 2025; Schedule 2 moves by Order in Council under section 2(2), so this does not rule out a later amendment.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. No provision of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 or of the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 provides a death sentence; the highest punishment in Schedule 4 to the 1971 Act is imprisonment for life. Paragraph 2A of Part II adds «Any ester or ether of cannabinol or of a cannabinol derivative». This row is Class B, so the Class B drug involved column of Schedule 4 to the 1971 Act governs. Possession, section 5(2), carries on indictment «5 years or a fine, or both.» Tried summarily, Class B possession carries «3 months or £2,500, or both.» Possession with intent to supply, section 5(3), supplying or offering to supply, section 4(3), and production, section 4(2), each carry on indictment «14 years or a fine, or both.» Part I of Schedule 2, paragraph 6, adds to Class A «Any preparation designed for administration by injection which includes a substance or product for the time being specified in any of paragraphs 1 to 3 of Part II of this Schedule.» As the text reads, a preparation of this row designed for administration by injection is therefore a Class A drug, and the Class A column applies to it: «7 years or a fine, or both.» for possession and «Life or a fine, or both.» for supply, production and possession with intent, on indictment. This cell makes no claim about which products are so designed. Sale has no offence of its own: selling is supplying under section 4(3), and trafficking is not a separate offence in the Act, being concerned in another person's supply falling under section 4(3)(b) and (c). Importation and exportation are prohibited by section 3(1) and prosecuted as customs offences under sections 50(3), 68(2) and 170(2) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, which Schedule 1 to that Act punishes for this class «to a penalty of any amount, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years, or to both». Cultivation falls under production, because section 37(1) defines producing as «producing it by manufacture, cultivation or any other method». Use is not itself an offence: the Act reaches the user through possession, and its only offence of use is smoking or otherwise using prepared opium under section 9. An occupier who knowingly permits production or supply on premises commits the section 8 offence, also 14 years on indictment. The Act sets no quantity threshold and no statutory presumption of intent to supply; on indictment the fine has no stated maximum and runs with imprisonment or alone, because every band reads «or a fine, or both». Possession of this row is also eligible for a penalty notice for disorder in England and Wales: the table in section 1 of the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 lists section 5(2) possession so far as relating to cannabinol, cannabinol derivatives and cannabis, under the description «Possession of cannabis etc». Section 2(1) of that Act lets a constable give the notice only to «a person aged 18 or over», and the penalty is £90: S.I. 2009/83 put the entry in Part 1 of the Schedule to the Penalties for Disorderly Behaviour (Amount of Penalty) Order 2002 under the heading «Offences attracting penalty of £80 for persons aged 16 or over, and £40 for persons under 16», and S.I. 2013/1579 substituted £90 for £80; legislation.gov.uk holds the 2002 Order only as made, so the figure is read from those two amending Orders. Section 118(3) of the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 would omit Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the 2001 Act, the penalty notice scheme, but legislation.gov.uk marks it «This version of this provision is prospective.», so the penalty notice stands on 2 October 2026. Section 28 gives a defence of lack of knowledge; under section 28(3) a belief that it was a different controlled drug is no defence unless, had it been that drug, no offence would have been committed. The Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 does not reach it: section 2(1) of that Act confines a psychoactive substance to one that «is not an exempted substance (see section 3).» and Schedule 1 exempts «Controlled drugs (within the meaning of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971).» The 1971 Act is therefore read first and governs alone.

Canada

Legal status: Controlled as cannabis, and the Cannabis Act rather than the drug act is the instrument. Cannabinol is a phytocannabinoid of the cannabis plant, and Schedule 1 to the Cannabis Act reaches phytocannabinoids by identity rather than by source.
Consequences if caught: Item 1 of Schedule 1 to the Cannabis Act reaches any part of a cannabis plant, including the phytocannabinoids produced by, or found in, such a plant, regardless of whether that part has been processed or not. Item 3 is the decisive one and it reads: any substance that is identical to any phytocannabinoid produced by, or found in, such a plant, regardless of how the substance was obtained. So a molecule made in a laboratory is cannabis in Canada if it is identical to one the plant makes. Schedule 2 excludes a non-viable seed, a mature stalk without leaf, flower, seed or branch, fibre from such a stalk, the root, and derivatives made by processing those, with item 6 excluding a stalk derivative only where it does not contain an isolated or concentrated phytocannabinoid. Cannabis is no longer in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act schedules, so the possession and trafficking figures in sections 4 and 5 of that act do not apply to it.
If prescribed / medical: Cannabis for medical purposes runs through its own regulatory scheme under the Cannabis Act and its regulations, which was not read here.
Documentation: For a prescribed controlled medicine, carry it in its original pharmacy packaging with the prescription or a letter from the prescriber. Canada is not in the Schengen area, so a Schengen certificate is not the Canadian document.

Cannabis Act (S.C. 2018, c. 16), Schedules 1 and 2 · laws-lois.justice.gc.ca · Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) · consulted 16 September 2026 · Updated September 16, 2026

Australia

Legal status: Prohibited under the Poisons Standard and a border controlled drug; its status for Commonwealth possession and trafficking rests on the analogue limb and is conditional. Cannabinol (CBN) is not named in the Schedules of F2026L01327 as in force on 2 October 2026 except as a listed constituent of nabiximols in Schedule 8. Its chemical name is 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol, so the Schedule 9 entry «DIBENZOPYRANS except when separately specified in these Schedules.» reaches it, as does the Schedule 9 cannabis entry when it is an extract of the plant. Schedule 2 item 35 of the Criminal Code Regulations 2019 lists «Cannabinoids (other than a Cannabinoid of a kind that can be obtained from a plant that is not a Cannabis plant)» as a border controlled drug (commercial 2.0 kg, marketable 2.0 g). CBN occurs in the cannabis plant, so the import of isolated CBN is a Division 307 matter. The Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 name «34 Cannabinoids». CBN is not listed in Schedule 1 of the Criminal Code Regulations; it is THC with its partly saturated ring made aromatic, the reverse of the hydrogen-addition limb, so only s301.9(1)(d), «any other homologue, analogue, chemical derivative or substance substantially similar in chemical structure», can make it a controlled drug; it shares THC's dibenzopyran skeleton and side chains and is one change from it. The method used for every row is a reading, not a rule the Act states: a modification that limb (a) or limb (c) plainly describes is treated as making a drug analogue; one contestable modification (a swap within one paragraph of s301.9(2), or a core ring replaced), a single limb (d) change from the listed drug, or an express exclusion or different listing in the Regulations is treated as making the exposure conditional; anything more, including adding or removing a ring, is treated as outside s301.9. Because s301.9(1)(c) allows a modification «obtained in one or more of the following ways», the tier this gives can depend on how a change is described, and nothing read settles which description governs. On that method its controlled drug status is conditional, at THC's quantities. No court decision on CBN was read. The Poisons Standard read is the Poisons Standard October 2026 (Federal Register of Legislation F2026L01327, made 28 September 2026, registered 30 September 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 under its s2, replacing the June 2026 issue; no later issue was registered when it was read). This cell states Commonwealth law only. The Poisons Standard has effect through adoption by each state and territory: its Reader's guide, which s5(1) of the instrument says is not part of it, states «The scheduling of poisons is implemented through relevant State and Territory legislation.» Most personal possession and use offences are state and territory law, which differs by jurisdiction, and Criminal Code s300.4 keeps those laws running concurrently with Part 9.1. Read as in force on 2 October 2026 against F2026L01327, the Criminal Code Act 1995 at Compilation No. 174 (compilation date 30 June 2026, C2026C00243), the Criminal Code Regulations 2019 at Compilation No. 6 (compilation date 13 December 2025, F2025C01260) and the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 at Compilation No. 147 (compilation date 13 July 2026, F2026C00751). The Criminal Code Regulations schedules are made by the Governor-General and the Poisons Standard by a delegate of the Secretary under Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 s52D, so a later instrument can change any of this, and this reading does not rule out a later amendment.

Germany

Legal status: Cannabinol is not a scheduled substance in Germany on this reading, and the row turns on a rejection that is easy to get wrong. The search ran on 20 September 2026 across BtMG Anlagen I bis III and NpSG Anlagen 1 und 2 under „Cannabinol; CBN“ and returned no entry. The near entry the dossier considered and rejected is the narcotics line that opens „Tetrahydrocannabinole, folgende Isomeren...“, which names the tetrahydro isomers and not the fully aromatic cannabinol: a shared plant origin and a shared abbreviation family are not a listing. The dossier is equally careful about the second route, recording that the new psychoactive substances group at Nr. 2 catches only the printed core structures and substituents, so a structural claim would have to be demonstrated rather than assumed from the name.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Germany has no death penalty. No narcotics maximum applies either, because the dossier's finding is a confirmed absence and a penalty cannot be attached to an entry that does not exist. The care needed on this row is about the second statute rather than the first: nothing has been shown to place this molecule in a new psychoactive substances group, so neither the prohibition in that Act nor its offence provision is engaged, and a penalty from that regime must not be carried across on the strength of the neighbouring cannabinoid groups. What is left is product law, which turns on the article sold rather than on the molecule.
If prescribed / medical: No narcotics placement exists to carry a traveller rule. The relevant separate regimes the dossier names are the cannabis statute's own definition and the medicines regime, and both operate on a product rather than on an isolated cannabinoid. The dossier records no German prescription rule and no traveller rule for this row, so the cell defers on both instead of supplying one.
Documentation: For a product containing this cannabinoid the useful record is its composition and its presentation, since the only live questions are whether the material is within the cannabis definition and how the finished product is classified. No narcotics certificate arises. The search was run on 20 September 2026 and the absence is an absence as at that text.

Germany, confirmed absence from Betäubungsmittelgesetz Anlagen I bis III and Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz Anlagen 1 und 2 on the terms „Cannabinol · CBN“, with the tetrahydrocannabinol isomer line considered and rejected as naming different molecules · read at https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html and the companion Anlage pages on 20 September 2026 · Updated September 21, 2026

France

Legal status: Cannabinol is not carried by either French closed list. The dossier's finding for this row is recorded in the order's own language as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées, and the search term it was recorded under is a chemical name. France classifies through enumerated ministerial lists rather than through an open definition, so absence from both the narcotics order and the psychotropics order of 22 February 1990 is a supported proposition and not a gap in the reading. Searches were run across French names, international non-proprietary names, abbreviations and chemical family wording before absence was recorded, and express family clauses and constituent routes were checked. This finding is about drug classification only, and the dossier flags consumer law as the body of law that may still bear on it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. France abolished the death penalty and no French drug provision carries one. No article 222-34 ceiling attaches either, because this row proves a negative: the finding recorded as Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées puts cannabinol outside both orders of 22 February 1990, and life imprisonment under that article fastens onto a scheduled narcotic rather than onto a substance the lists do not carry. The search term the finding was recorded under is a chemical name, and because the French lists are closed that absence is a supported proposition rather than a gap in the reading. Article L. 3421-1 of the Code de la santé publique addresses illicit use and is engaged by listed substances rather than by this one. What can still reach this row is consumer law, sitting outside the narcotics orders and carrying none of their tariffs.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule the dossier gives is that a Schengen traveller certificate or a medicines carriage list is evidential and administrative rather than the criminal schedule. Attached to this substance: cannabinol has no schedule placement to attach, because the row records the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées, so a carriage certificate has no narcotics or psychotropics entry to evidence in its case. The body of law the dossier flags as possibly still bearing on this row is consumer law, and any supply or carriage requirement living there is outside what this row measures and outside what the dossier sets out.
Documentation: Carry the product in its original labelled packaging, with the prescription where one exists, and with anything that identifies what cannabinol actually is, because the point to evidence is composition rather than a schedule entry. Provenance: the finding relied on is the absence sentence Absence de classement opératoire sous « cannabinol » dans les listes examinées, recorded against the consolidated narcotics and psychotropics orders of 22 February 1990 and read on Légifrance at https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085 on 18 September 2026. The search was run under a chemical name among the other name forms, and both consolidated orders were followed to their terminal list material before absence was recorded.

Netherlands

Legal status: Cannabinol, CBN, is not named in lijst I, lijst IA or lijst II. Lijst I names «tetrahydrocannabinol» and «HHC (hexahydrocannabinol)» and prints a chemical description against each, and cannabinol, the fully aromatic analogue, has no row. No Opiumwet offence arises from it as such.
Consequences if caught: Lijst IA carries four substance groups: substanties die zijn afgeleid van 2-fenethylamine, cannabimimetica en synthetische cannabinoïden, substanties afgeleid van 4-aminopiperidine, and benzimidazol opioïden, the nitazenen. The cannabimimetica group admits only five ring systems at structuurelement A, indol-1,3-diyl, 2-methylindol-1,3-diyl, indazol-1,3-diyl and the two benzimidazol-1,2-diyl isomers, each joined to structuurelement B by a defined bridge and carrying a side chain at a defined position. Cannabinol is a dibenzopyran and carries none of those five ring systems. Where cannabinol is present in plant material the plant entries do the work, because lijst II reaches every part of the Cannabis plant from which the resin has not been taken, seeds excepted. Article 10 carries the penalties for lijst I. Intentionally having the substance present, the limb at article 2 under C, carries imprisonment of up to 6 years. Intentionally cultivating, preparing, processing, selling, delivering, supplying, transporting or manufacturing it, article 2 under B and D, carries up to 8 years. Intentionally bringing it into or out of Netherlands territory, article 2 under A, carries up to 12 years, so the trafficking and import limbs run from 8 to 12 years. Where the presence, or the bringing into or out of the territory, concerns a small quantity intended for own use, article 10, sixth limb, lowers the ceiling to 1 year or a fine of the third category; it does not reach the article 2 under B and D acts. The fine on the serious limbs is the fifth category, which the Criminal Code prints at 67.000 euro with an editorial note recording 110.000 euro from 1 January 2026. Article 11 carries the penalties for lijst II. Acting intentionally against article 3 under B, C or D carries imprisonment of up to 2 years, and up to 6 years where the person acts in the exercise of a profession or business. Intentionally bringing it into or out of the territory, article 3 under A, carries up to 4 years. Where the offence concerns a large quantity the two year and the four year cases both rise to 6 years. Article 1 of the Opiumwetbesluit fixes that large quantity at 500 gram hennep, 200 hennepplanten or 500 units of another lijst II substance. The fine is the fifth category, printed at 67.000 euro with an editorial note recording 110.000 euro from 1 January 2026. Article 2a carries the lijst IA prohibition and article 10b its penalties. Acting intentionally against it carries imprisonment of up to 6 years. Acting without intent carries hechtenis of up to 3 months. Where intentional import, export or presence concerns a small quantity for own use the ceiling is 6 months. Article 10c adds up to 3 years for preparatory acts. The fine is the fifth category on the intentional offence and the third category on the others, printed at 67.000 euro and 6.700 euro with editorial notes recording 110.000 euro and 11.000 euro from 1 January 2026. This row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as the Netherlands' published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure. This is stated as at the Opiumwet consolidation in force from 17 September 2026, read at wetten.overheid.nl on 22 September 2026, and it does not rule out a later amendment.

Spain

Legal status: Not confirmed. Isolated cannabinol is not named in Anexo 1 or Anexo 2 of Real Decreto 2829/1977 or in the 1961 Convention lists: «cannabinol» returned 0 whole word hits in Anexo 1, 0 in Anexo 2 and 0 in the Yellow List (7, 0 and 0 counting it inside longer words); «CBN» returned 0 whole word hits in Anexo 1, 0 in Anexo 2 and 0 in the Yellow List; the 7 longer word hits are inside names such as hexahidrocannabinol and tetrahidrocannabinol, which are different compounds. Cannabis extracts are 1961 Convention narcotics, so a cannabinol product made from the plant may be reached as an extract. Whether a particular product is reached was not settled for this cell. The lists are read as at the Real Decreto 2829/1977 consolidation published 21/04/2026 and in force from 22/04/2026. Narcotic absences are decided through Ley 17/1967 article 2 against the INCB Yellow List, 65th edition of July 2026; the INCB Green List, 36th edition updated December 2025, is a cross-check for psychotropics. Narcotics can also be designated nationally, «en el ámbito nacional por el procedimiento que reglamentariamente se establezca» (nationally, by the procedure set by regulation); Real Decreto 1194/2011 sets that procedure and so far names tapentadol and isotonitaceno, as consolidated to 8 June 2021. 1971 Convention decisions after December 2025 and 1961 Convention decisions after July 2026 were not read, and this does not rule out a later amendment.
Consequences if caught: No penalty is asserted, because whether a given product is controlled is not settled. If a product is a cannabis extract or carries a listed cannabinoid, the cannabis and THC rules apply. Código Penal article 368 punishes «Los que ejecuten actos de cultivo, elaboración o tráfico, o de otro modo promuevan, favorezcan o faciliten el consumo ilegal de drogas tóxicas, estupefacientes o sustancias psicotrópicas, o las posean con aquellos fines» (those who cultivate, manufacture or traffic, or otherwise promote, favour or facilitate illegal consumption, or possess for those purposes). The penalty is «prisión de tres a seis años y multa del tanto al triplo del valor de la droga objeto del delito si se tratare de sustancias o productos que causen grave daño a la salud» (three to six years and a fine of one to three times the value of the drug, for substances causing grave harm to health) and «de prisión de uno a tres años y multa del tanto al duplo en los demás casos» (one to three years and a fine of one to two times the value, in other cases). Prison and fine are imposed together, not as alternatives. The article names no substance, so which branch applies is for the court; this cell does not assign one. Article 369 imposes the next higher degree and a fine «del tanto al cuádruplo» where an aggravating circumstance applies, among them «Fuere de notoria importancia la cantidad de las citadas sustancias» (the quantity is of notorious importance). No statute fixes that quantity. It is a sentencing aggravation the court assesses, not an amount anyone may lawfully hold. Membership of a criminal organisation under article 369 bis carries «prisión de nueve a doce años» for substances causing grave harm and «prisión de cuatro años y seis meses a diez años» otherwise. Article 368 itself allows a lower penalty: «los tribunales podrán imponer la pena inferior en grado a las señaladas en atención a la escasa entidad del hecho y a las circunstancias personales del culpable» (the courts may impose the penalty one degree lower in view of the minor scale of the act and the offender's personal circumstances), but not where article 369 bis or 370 applies: «No se podrá hacer uso de esta facultad si concurriere alguna de las circunstancias a que se hace referencia en los artículos 369 bis y 370.» (this power may not be used if any circumstance referred to in articles 369 bis and 370 is present). Article 370 goes the other way: «Se impondrá la pena superior en uno o dos grados a la señalada en el artículo 368 cuando» (the penalty one or two degrees above that of article 368 is imposed when), among other cases, the conduct is of extreme gravity, which includes where «la cantidad de las sustancias a que se refiere el artículo 368 excediere notablemente de la considerada como de notoria importancia» (the quantity notably exceeds that regarded as of notorious importance). Article 368 reaches possession only when it is «con aquellos fines», that is, for those trafficking purposes. No provision read for this cell makes possession for one's own use in private a crime; that is not a legalisation, because supply stays criminal under the same article. In public the matter is administrative, not criminal. Ley Orgánica 4/2015 article 36 lists among the serious infringements, at item 16, «El consumo o la tenencia ilícitos de drogas tóxicas, estupefacientes o sustancias psicotrópicas, aunque no estuvieran destinadas al tráfico, en lugares, vías, establecimientos públicos o transportes colectivos» (illicit consumption or possession, even when not meant for trafficking, in public places, roads, establishments or collective transport). Article 39.1 sets the fine for a serious infringement: «las graves, con multa de 601 a 30.000 euros», in a minimum grade «de 601 a 10.400» and higher grades «de 10.401 a 20.200 euros» and «de 20.201 a 30.000 euros»; article 33.2 starts at the minimum grade «La comisión de una infracción determinará la imposición de la multa correspondiente en grado mínimo.» These figures are a fine range, not a permitted quantity. Import or export without authority is also smuggling: Ley Orgánica 12/1995 article 2.3 a) applies whatever the value «Cuando el objeto del contrabando sean drogas tóxicas, estupefacientes, sustancias psicotrópicas», and article 3.1 sets «las penas de prisión de uno a cinco años y multa del tanto al séxtuplo del valor de los bienes, mercancías, géneros o efectos». Article 3.1 also directs that, outside three listed cases, «En los demás casos previstos en el artículo 2 las penas se impondrán en su mitad superior.» How a court combines that offence with article 368 in a given case is not settled in this cell. Ley 17/1967 article 30 provides «Las sustancias estupefacientes tienen el carácter de artículos estancados, y el contrabando de las mismas será perseguido, juzgado y sancionado con arreglo a los preceptos de la vigente Ley de Contrabando.» Real Decreto 2829/1977 article 2 adds, for List I substances, «Quedan prohibidos, incluso a los efectos de la Ley de Contrabando, el uso, la fabricación, importación, exportación, tránsito, comercio, distribución y tenencia, así como la inclusión en todo preparado de las sustancias incluidas en la Lista I.»

Italy

Legal status: Not scheduled. A search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned no operative entry for cannabinol, and the dossier records that negative in the compilation's own terms as nessuna voce operativa. Article 14 assigns substances by enumeration, so an unlisted substance stays outside the DPR 309/1990 scheme until a ministerial decree adds it. This is a proposition about one statute and it is not a clearance: the dossier states in terms that a verified result never means safe or legal in every context. A constituent of the cannabis plant does not inherit the cannabis entry, and cannabinol is not itself named in the compilation.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Italy has no death penalty, and for cannabinol there is no article 73 ceiling to state either, because what this row established is a negative: a search of the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under article 14 of DPR 309/1990 returned nessuna voce operativa. Articles 73 and 80 of DPR 309/1990 attach to table entries, and the 30 year cap in article 78 of the Penal Code only enters a calculation an entry has already started, so none of those numbers describes this substance. The administrative route in article 75 is equally inapplicable, since it too runs on the tables. A constituent of the cannabis plant does not inherit the cannabis entry, and cannabinol is not itself named in the compilation.
If prescribed / medical: Italy's country level rule, in the dossier's own terms, is that a traveller certificate list or a prescribing summary is not a substitute for the statutory tables, and that acquisition or possession for personal use runs under article 75 of DPR 309/1990 as an administrative matter rather than under the trafficking article. Attached to cannabinol, that rule meets an absence: the closed tables carry no operative entry for it, so there is no narcotics placement for a certificate or a prescription to be measured against. Any documentation requirement that does apply comes from the medicines, food or product safety rules the dossier points to, and not from DPR 309/1990. No Italian traveller procedure for cannabinol was established here, and the absence of a table entry is not itself a permission.
Documentation: Carry cannabinol on the footing that DPR 309/1990 is not the instrument that reaches it, and hold whatever the applicable medicines or product rules require instead, because the narcotics tables impose nothing on it. The instrument is DPR 309/1990, its enumerating provision is article 14, and the Ministry of Health compilation of the tables and its ministerial amendment index were searched on 18 September 2026 without producing a placement for this row. Classification changes by decree published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale rather than by a travel or prescribing summary, and the amendment horizon checked includes the 2026 update that added the nitazene class. The negative was established by searching the closed tables I to IV and the table of medicinal products under Italian names, international non proprietary names and abbreviations, and the search was carried through to the last section of the compilation.

Mexico

Legal status: Cannabinol is not a controlled substance by name in Mexico. It is not named in article 234 of the Ley General de Salud, which prints the estupefacientes, and it is not named in any of the five groups of article 245, which prints the psychotropics. The isomer list the Act prints is a closed enumeration of tetrahydrocannabinol isomers, and this row is a fully aromatic cannabinoid that is not on it. Article 246 lets the Secretaria de Salud add further psychotropic substances by lists published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion, and the consolidated text records one such addition with the note «Sustancia adicionada por Acuerdo DOF 24-12-2018», so the printed lists are open. Every note the Diario Oficial published between 1 January 2019 and 21 September 2026 was checked for a later such acuerdo and none adds anything to article 245. That absence is stated against the Ley General de Salud as it stands after the decree published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion on 15 January 2026, which reforms article 234 whole and article 245 fracciones I segundo parrafo, II and IV, read together with the Orden Juridico Nacional consolidated text to 7 June 2024 for the articles that decree does not touch, read as at 21 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Where this row sits is settled by the fact that no printed entry carries it. The article 234 cannabis entry reaches the plant, its resin, its preparations and its seeds, so material from the plant is reached by that entry whatever this row's own status. Article 479 gives this row no line: the table names eight narcotics and this is not one of them. Articles 475, 476, 477 and 478 all run on the narcotics listed in that table, and article 474 puts a narcotic outside it with the federal authorities, «El narcótico no esté contemplado en la tabla». The eight amounts recited below therefore belong to the eight narcotics the table names and not to this row. The two Ley General de Salud penalty articles that follow are printed here because the live cell printed them for every Mexican row. They run on the narcotics the table names, and this row is not one of them. Article 477 sets ten months to three years of prison, «Se aplicará pena de diez meses a tres años de prisión y hasta ochenta días multa al que posea alguno de los narcóticos señalados en la tabla». It applies to possession below one thousand times a table amount where the circumstances do not make it possession for supply. Its fine is up to eighty dias multa. Article 475 of the Ley General de Salud sets four to eight years of prison, in the words «Se impondrá prisión de cuatro a ocho años y de doscientos a cuatrocientos días multa». It applies to commerce or supply, even free of charge, below one thousand times a table amount. Its fine is two hundred to four hundred dias multa. Its second paragraph raises the prison term to seven to fifteen years where the person supplied is a minor or cannot resist, «se aplicará una pena de siete a quince años de prisión y de doscientos a cuatrocientos días multa», and the previous version of this cell called eight years the small-scale ceiling, so that figure is carried forward and corrected here rather than dropped. The federal code articles below are printed on the same carried-forward footing. Article 193 of that code names articles 237, 245 fracciones I, II and III and 248, and this row is in none of them. Article 194 of the Codigo Penal Federal sets ten to twenty five years of prison, «Se impondrá prisión de diez a veinticinco años y de cien hasta quinientos días multa». It applies to production, transport, traffic, commerce, supply or prescription of a narcotic without the authorisation the Ley General de Salud requires. Its fine is one hundred to five hundred dias multa. Article 195 sets five to fifteen years of prison. It applies to possession with one of those purposes. Its fine is one hundred to three hundred fifty dias multa. Article 195 bis sets four years to seven years six months of prison. It applies where possession cannot be so considered. Its fine is fifty to one hundred fifty dias multa. Article 196 raises the article 194 penalties by one half in the listed cases. Article 193 of the same code defines narcoticos in its first paragraph as those the Ley General de Salud determines, and in its second names a narrower set, «son punibles las conductas que se relacionan con los estupefacientes, psicotrópicos y demás sustancias previstos en los artículos 237, 245, fracciones I, II, y III y 248 de la Ley General de Salud, que constituyen un problema grave para la salud pública». This row is outside the set that second paragraph names, and no reading of the first paragraph was adopted here to put it back inside. Article 479 is not the controlled-substance list and is routinely misreported as one. It is a short table of eight maximum amounts used by articles 477 and 478 for strict, immediate personal consumption: opium two grams, heroin fifty milligrams, cannabis five grams, cocaine five hundred milligrams, LSD fifteen thousandths of a milligram, and MDA, MDMA and methamphetamine at forty milligrams or one tablet or capsule of not more than two hundred milligrams. Mexico has no death penalty for any offence, which article 22 of the Constitucion Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos settles in the words «Quedan prohibidas las penas de muerte». Those figures are set out here because this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Mexico's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.

Brazil

Legal status: Not confirmed. Split in Brazil, and the split turns on where the material came from. No entry in the annex names this substance. A raw text search for the string canabinol returns six hits and every one of them is inside the word tetrahidrocannabinol, which is the substring trap this method exists to avoid; anchored at the start of an entry name it matches nothing. It is not an isomer of the tetrahidrocannabinol entry at item 180 of lista F2, being the fully aromatic oxidation product with a different molecular formula, so lista F2 adendo 1.1 does not reach it, and lista F2 item b class 1 is inapplicable for the same ring formation reason that excludes the other cannabinoids of this shape. What does reach it is the source. Lista E adendo 2 puts under control all substances obtained from the items it lists, together with the salts, isomers, esters and ethers of those substances, so a cannabis derived preparation is caught by the plant entry whatever its own name. So material obtained from Cannabis sativa L. is controlled under lista E whatever it is called, and a synthetically obtained sample of the same molecule is named nowhere in the annex read. [Likely] for the plant derived half, and the synthetic half is unresolved. The instrument is Portaria SVS/MS 344 de 12 de maio de 1998 and the text read is Anexo I as published with Resolucao 1.036 de 9 de julho de 2026, Atualizacao n. 101.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 5, XLVII, a of the 1988 Constitution provides that there shall be no penalty of death, save in the case of declared war under article 84, XIX, and article 5, XLVII, b bars any penalty of a perpetual character, so neither a death sentence nor a whole life sentence is available under the drug law. [Certain], the constitutional text was read this pass. What follows is Brazil's drug law as it stands. It reaches part of this row and not the rest, and the end of this block says which part. Personal use is article 28 of Lei 11.343/2006, the statute the live Brazilian cells name in English as the Drug Law, and it carries no prison. The three penalties are a warning about the effects of drugs, provision of services to the community, and an educational measure of attendance at a programme or course. Paragraph 3 caps the second and third at five months, paragraph 4 at ten months on a repeat, and paragraph 2 leaves the personal use question to the judge on the nature and quantity seized, the place and conditions of the act, the social and personal circumstances, and the conduct and record of the agent. The statute itself fixes no quantity figure. The Supremo Tribunal Federal decided Tema 506, leading case RE 635659, on 26 June 2024, and how far it reaches beyond cannabis is genuinely contested. Read the narrow way, item 1 of the thesis says that no criminal offence is committed by a person who acquires, keeps, has in deposit, transports or carries for personal consumption the substance cannabis sativa, naming that substance and no other, and the andamento of 24 August 2023 records the relator adjusting his vote to restrict the declaration of unconstitutionality to seizures of the narcotic substance dealt with in that appeal, cannabis sativa. Read the wide way, items 2 and 3 are not limited to cannabis on their face: item 2 says the article 28 I and III sanctions are applied by the judge in a procedure of non penal nature with no criminal repercussion for the conduct, and item 3 gives the Juizados Especiais Criminais competence over the conduct of article 28 with any penal effect of the sentence forbidden. Nor is the operative order limited on its face: the plenary declared the unconstitutionality, without reduction of text, of article 28 of Lei 11.343/2006, so as to remove from that provision each and every effect of a penal nature, keeping the measures it provides until specific legislation arrives. Which reading governs a substance other than cannabis was not settled by the documents read this pass, and nothing here decides it. [Guessing] as to the reach. What does not turn on it, and is [Certain] either way, is that article 28 has carried no custodial penalty since 2006. Supply is article 33: reclusao of 5 to 15 years and payment of 500 to 1,500 dias-multa. Article 33 paragraph 4 allows a reduction of one sixth to two thirds for a primary agent of good record who is not dedicated to criminal activity and does not belong to a criminal organisation. Article 34 puts equipment at 3 to 10 years, article 35 association at 3 to 10 years, article 36 financing at 8 to 20 years and article 37 informing at 2 to 6 years. Article 40 increases articles 33 to 37 by one sixth to two thirds on its seven listed grounds, transnationality and proximity to schools, prisons and hospitals among them. Article 40-A, inserted by Lei 15.358 de 2026, applies articles 33 to 37 in double where the agent is a member of an ultraviolent criminal organisation, a paramilitary group or a private militia. Doubling article 36 gives 16 to 40 years, and 40 years is the highest figure the statute produces on its own face. That is my derivation from the two articles as read, tagged [Certain] for each figure and [Guessing] for whether the article 40 increase then stacks on top of the doubled figure, which the text read here does not settle. Those are Brazil's published drug penalties, and whether they reach this row depends on which half of it is in front of you. Both article 28 and article 33 operate on drogas, which article 1 sole paragraph of Lei 11.343/2006 defines as substances capable of causing dependence that are specified in law or listed by the federal executive, so the listing question settles both provisions together and not one without the other. The guard applies to the synthetic half only. Material obtained from Cannabis sativa L. is reached by lista E adendo 2 whatever it is called, so the ladder attaches to a plant derived sample. A synthetically obtained sample of the same molecule is named nowhere in the annex read and that half is unresolved.

India

Legal status: No Indian placement was found for it: it is not named in the Act's Schedule (list of psychotropic substances), in the NDPS Rules 1985, in the Regulation of Controlled Substances Order 2013 or in the small and commercial quantity notification. The Schedule places tetrahydrocannabinol at serials 13 and 91 by enumerating its isomers and stereochemical variants. Cannabinol is the fully aromatised compound, not a tetrahydro isomer, and is absent from both entries.
Consequences if caught: Section 22 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985, the NDPS Act, punishes a contravention in relation to psychotropic substances in three quantity bands. A small quantity carries rigorous imprisonment which may extend to 1 year. A quantity greater than small but less than commercial carries rigorous imprisonment which may extend to 10 years. A commercial quantity carries rigorous imprisonment of 10 to 20 years, and that lower figure is a statutory minimum rather than a starting point. The fine runs with the band: up to 10,000 rupees at small quantity, up to 1 lakh rupees in the middle band, and 1 lakh to 2 lakh rupees at commercial quantity, and the court may record reasons for a higher fine. Section 27 punishes consumption, with rigorous imprisonment up to 1 year and a fine up to 20,000 rupees for cocaine, morphine, diacetylmorphine and any substance notified in that behalf, and imprisonment up to 6 months and a fine up to 10,000 rupees for anything else. Every offence under the Act is cognizable, but the section 37 bail bar reaches only sections 19, 24 and 27A and offences involving a commercial quantity. Section 31 raises the ceiling to one and one half times after a previous conviction, and section 64A gives an addict charged under section 27 or with a small quantity immunity on completing recognised de-addiction treatment. No band applies to this row, because the quantity notification carries no entry against which a small or commercial quantity could be measured. Section 31A does not reach this row: its table names only opium, morphine, heroin, codeine, thebaine, cocaine, hashish, LSD, the listed THC isomers, methamphetamine, methaqualone and amphetamine, with their salts and preparations, and this row is not among them. It is a degradation product of tetrahydrocannabinol, so material old enough to be rich in it usually began as resin, and resin is cannabis under section 2(iii) whatever it has turned into. Those figures are given because this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as India's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.
If prescribed / medical: No Indian medicine is licensed on this cannabinoid, so a product containing it travels as a cannabis extract and not as a prescription.
Documentation: Where it is present in resin or in an extract of the flowering tops, the article is cannabis under section 2(iii) whatever it contains, and extracts and tinctures are priced at quantity serials 23 and 111. India's essential narcotic drugs for medical and scientific use, notified under section 2(viiia) by S.O. 1181(E) of 5 May 2015, are codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, methadone, morphine and oxycodone; a traveller carrying one should carry the prescription with the original packaging, bring only a reasonable personal quantity and declare it at customs. Tramadol was added to the Act's psychotropic Schedule in 2018 and its commercial quantity is 250 g. This absence is stated as at the Central Bureau of Narcotics consolidation of the Act and Rules labelled updated 2026, which prints the Schedule as amended through S.O. 1730(E) of 16 April 2025, read with S.O. 906(E) of 18 February 2026, and it does not rule out a later notification.

Turkey

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not confirmed as a controlled substance in Turkey and this row is a deferral rather than a finding. The dossier searched the Turkish terms «kannabinol» and «CBN» and the transliterations kannabinol and CBN against the classification decisions made under article 19 of Law No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Substances, and confirmed no current entry. It rejected the near match «THC», because THC is not cannabinol. The distinction is a real one rather than a technicality: cannabinol is the oxidation product that forms as THC degrades in stored plant material, so it is found in aged cannabis without ever having been added, and it is only weakly active. The consequence is that the molecule is unconfirmed while the material it is usually found in is squarely covered on the cannabis row, since article 3 of Law No. 2313 prohibits the preparation, import, export and sale of esrar in whatever form and article 23 subjects all hemp growing to permission.
Consequences if caught: Not established. The status of cannabinol in Turkey was not established on this record, so no offence, penalty band, quantity threshold or capital position is stated for it here. A penalty attaches through a placement, and this row does not prove one. That is not a finding that cannabinol is lawful in Turkey, and the absence of a penalty in this cell is not a statement that there is none.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol in Turkey. The status was not established on this record, so there is no placement for a medical route, an import permit or a personal medicine allowance to attach to, and none is asserted here.
Documentation: No documentation requirement is stated for cannabinol in Turkey, because the status it would depend on was not established on this record. Nothing in this cell is advice on carrying, declaring or importing it.

Turkey, Law No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Substances of 12 June 1933, articles 3, 19, 20 and 23, with the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, articles 188(1), 188(3) and 191(1) · the consolidated texts were read at https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.2313.pdf (HTTP 200, 220,153 bytes) and https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5237.pdf (HTTP 200, 1,070,143 bytes), both fetched on 20 September 2026. The dossier's own url column holds one identical string for all 88 Turkey rows and that string is these two addresses run together with no separator, so the citation it supplies is document level rather than per substance. The annexes to the ten decisions footnoted to article 19 are not reproduced in the consolidated statute and were not read. · Updated October 4, 2026

Egypt

Legal status: Controlled as a narcotic substance in Egypt's Table 1, by two readings of the table, neither of which prints the name. «الجدول رقم (١) - الجواهر المخدرة», Table 1, the narcotic substances. Section 1(b), «الجدول رقم (١) - القسم الأول (ب)», whose heading covers «المجموعات الآتية والمواد المشتقة منها، عدا المُدرج منها في جدول آخر», the following groups and the substances derived from them, other than those listed in another table, and «أي مستحضر أو مخلوط أو مستخلص» containing them: Group 7, «القنبيات التقليدية - قنب ثنائي بنزوبيران» «Classical Cannabinoids Dibenzopyran», prints «DMHP», «3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6Hdibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol», as its example (PDF page 5, gazette page 6). Section 2, «الجدول رقم (١) - القسم الثاني», whose heading covers the listed substances «ونظائرها وإستراتها وإيثراتها ومستحضراتها وأيسومراتها وستيريوأيسومراتها»: item 54, «حشيش (قنب)» «Cannabis», reaches «أي من عناصر القنب الفعالة في أي من المنتجات أو المركبات أو المستحضرات وبأي نسبة كانت» (PDF page 14, gazette page 15). Cannabinol, 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol, is a dibenzopyran classical cannabinoid, which brings it under group 7 as a derived substance, and it is a constituent of cannabis, which brings it under item 54 if it counts as one of cannabis's active elements. It is not an isomer of «Tetrahydrocannabinol», item 95, so that entry's isomer clause does not reach it. Both routes are readings, stated as such, and which section governs decides the trafficking tier. Each has evidence against it. Against group 7, the printed dibenzopyran «Parahexyl», «3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol», sits in Section 2 at item 97 (PDF page 18, gazette page 19). Against item 54, Decision 242 placed another cannabis constituent that is not THC, «Cannabidiol (CBD)», in Table 3 Section 3 as item 61, which suggests that not every constituent is treated as an active element of item 54. The heading excludes a substance listed in another table: none of Tables 2, 3, 5 and 6 names it, on their page images. The earlier citation of the Anti-Narcotics Law No. 182/1960 without a table is superseded, because Decision 44 replaced every table. This is the position under Ministry of Health and Population Decision 44 of 2026, which replaced every table annexed to Law 182/1960, published in Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriya issue 39 (continued, c) on 17 February 2026 and in force from publication, as amended by Decision 242 of 2026, in Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriya issue 179 of 17 August 2026 and in force the next day, replaced item 12 of Table 1 Section 1(b), the phenethylamine group, and added items 57 to 61 to Table 3 Section 3, four alkyl nitrites and «Cannabidiol (CBD)». Decision 44's preamble cites the Supreme Constitutional Court's judgment of 16 February 2026 in case 33 of judicial year 47, read on the court's own server on 3 October 2026, which held «بعدم دستورية قرار رئيس هيئة الدواء المصرية رقم 600 لسنة 2023 باستبدال الجداول الملحقة بقرار رئيس الجمهورية بالقانون رقم 182 لسنة 1960 في شأن مكافحة المخدرات وتنظيم استعمالها والاتجار فيها», striking Egyptian Drug Authority chairman's Decision 600 of 2023, and «بسقوط قرارات رئيس هيئة الدواء المصرية السابقة واللاحقة على القرار المقضي بعدم دستوريته، الصادرة في شأن تعديل الجداول الملحقة بقرار رئيس الجمهورية بالقانون المشار إليه», so that every earlier and later decision of the Authority's chairman amending the tables fell with it. Decision 44 and Decision 242 are decisions of the Minister of Health and Population, as their own first pages state, not of the Authority's chairman, so the judgment does not reach them. The Egyptian Drug Authority laws index read on 3 October 2026 lists no amendment to the tables later than Decision 242, which does not rule out one made since.

Greece

Legal status: Not listed in the Greek narcotics tables. Cannabinol is printed at no entry of ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ Α, Β, Γ or Δ in the Ministry of Health consolidated edition of June 2026, which is the version read for this cell. The cannabinoids the tables name by their own chemistry are tetrahydrocannabinol at serial 11 of the second table and hexahydrocannabinol at serial 16 of the same table. Cannabinol, the fully aromatic degradation product, is printed at neither and at no other serial. Reading that edition does not rule out a later joint ministerial decision under article 1 paragraph 4, which is the power that moves the list.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Greece abolished the death penalty for all crimes and no offence in the narcotics code carries it, which is carried forward from the published Greece entry and was not re-derived in this pass. Cannabinol is at no entry of the four tables, so the trafficking and possession articles of Law 4139/2013 do not reach it as a listed narcotic. That is not a finding that the substance is lawful, and the reason matters. Article 1 paragraph 1 of Law 4139/2013 defines «ναρκωτικά» by what a substance does, by its action on the central nervous system and its capacity to cause dependence, and article 1 paragraph 2 then says those substances «περιλαμβάνονται ιδίως στους πίνακες», are included in particular in the tables. The word «ιδίως», in particular, is not the word a closed list takes. Against that, article 20 paragraph 2 defines the trafficking offence by reference to substances «που αναφέρονται στους πίνακες», referred to in the tables. The statute points two ways at once and this cell does not resolve it. That reading of article 1 and article 20 is carried forward from the published Greece entry and was not re-derived in this pass. Conduct, not the table a substance sits in, is what sorts the Greek drug offences. Article 29 paragraph 1 punishes obtaining, holding, using or growing for the offender's own exclusive use with «φυλάκιση μέχρι πέντε (5) μηνών», imprisonment of up to five months. There is no fixed gram threshold anywhere in the law. The court weighs instead the type, the purity, the quantity, the frequency and duration of use, the daily dose and the particular needs of the user. Article 29 paragraph 2 allows the court to leave the offender «ατιμώρητος», unpunished, where the act was entirely occasional and unlikely to be repeated, and paragraph 3 keeps such a conviction off the copies of the criminal record that are issued. Article 20 paragraph 1 punishes trafficking with «κάθειρξη τουλάχιστον οκτώ (8) ετών», at least eight years. The fine that goes with that article runs up to three hundred thousand euro. Article 22 raises the custodial minimum to ten years where the offence is committed by an official, inside a school, barracks, police cell, prison or sports ground, within a criminal organisation, or by a repeat offender. The fine under article 22 is fifty thousand to five hundred thousand euro. Article 21 drops the exposure to up to three years for a dependent person trafficking small amounts to cover their own use, or for supplying a relative without profit. Article 30 paragraph 4 treats dependence as a separate track: an article 29 offence goes unpunished, an article 20 offence falls to at least one year, and an article 22 offence falls to at most ten years. The ceiling in the code is life imprisonment, and it is article 23 that carries it. Article 23 paragraph 1 opens «Με ισόβια κάθειρξη ή με πρόσκαιρη κάθειρξη τουλάχιστον δέκα ετών», life imprisonment or a determinate sentence of at least ten years. The fine under that paragraph is fifty thousand to six hundred thousand euro. It applies where the substance can cause grievous bodily harm and did cause grievous harm or death to another or endangered the health of many, or where an adult acts professionally to bring a minor into use. Article 23 paragraph 2 opens «Με ισόβια κάθειρξη, καθώς και με χρηματική ποινή από πενήντα χιλιάδες ευρώ μέχρι ένα εκατομμύριο ευρώ τιμωρείται». That paragraph states no lesser alternative, so life imprisonment is the only sentence it offers. The fine it names runs from fifty thousand euro to one million euro. It applies to professional financing or professional trafficking where the expected gain exceeds seventy five thousand euro, and to using weapons during the offence or to escape. Every article number, Greek phrase and euro figure in this recital is carried forward from the published Greece entry and was not re-derived in this pass. This row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Greece's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.

Portugal

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not named under its own name in tables I to IV of Decreto-Lei n.º 15/93 and is not named on the list of new psychoactive substances made under Decreto-Lei n.º 54/2013. Both instruments have now been read against this substance. Cannabis plant material, resin and oil are separately controlled in table I-C.
Consequences if caught: This substance was checked against two separate regimes and is named in neither. Table II-A to II-B name Tetraidrocanabinol by its isomers, which is a different molecule, and table I-C names the plant, the resin and the oil. So cannabinol present as part of cannabis plant material, resin or oil is reached through the table I-C entries and carries the table I to III position, while isolated cannabinol is not named anywhere. The open question is whether isolated cannabinol falls within the closing clause of table II-B, which reads 'Os derivados e sais das substâncias inscritas nesta tabela, sempre que a sua existência seja possível', in translation the derivatives and salts of the substances listed in this table wherever their existence is possible. Whether cannabinol is a derivative of tetraidrocanabinol within that clause is a question for Portuguese law and it is not settled here rather than guessed. The absence from the new psychoactive substances list is established as at 8 September 2022, the date the republished annex to Portaria n.º 232/2022 took effect.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed. Whether an authorised medicinal form containing cannabinol exists in Portugal has not been established here. Authorised cannabis based medicines are dispensed by prescription and are covered on the cannabis page.
Documentation: Not confirmed. No documentation requirement can be stated for isolated cannabinol until the regime that governs it is established. For other controlled medicines on Schengen travel, carry a Schengen certificate together with the original packaging and the prescription.

Decreto-Lei n.º 15/93, de 22 de janeiro, tables I-C, II-A and II-B · Decreto-Lei n.º 54/2013, de 17 de abril, arts. 2.º and 3.º · Portaria n.º 232/2022, de 7 de setembro, arts. 2.º and 3.º and the republished annex · infarmed.pt · files.dre.pt · Updated September 16, 2026

Vietnam

Legal status: Not named in the danh mục. Cannabinol/CBN is not an appendix entry and has a different molecular formula from the scheduled THC entries, so the THC isomer note does not supply a match. Cannabinol does not appear in any of the four danh mục annexed to Nghị định 28/2026/NĐ-CP as those lists stand on 19 January 2026, and an absence from the list is not a finding that it is lawful in Vietnam. This cell does not say that it is.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Cannabinol/CBN is not an appendix entry and has a different molecular formula from the scheduled THC entries, so the THC isomer note does not supply a match. Articles 248 to 252 of the Criminal Code are each written about a chất ma túy, and Luật Phòng, chống ma túy số 73/2021/QH14, Điều 2 khoản 1, defines that term as a substance the Government has placed in the danh mục. Cannabinol is not in that list, so producing it is not article 248, possessing it is not article 249, transporting it is not article 250, trading it is not article 251 and appropriating it is not article 252. None of the five conducts engages those articles, and no quantity alters that, because the quantity ladders sit inside articles that never open. One reason for that is carried forward from the published 2cb entry and was not re-derived from the decree text in this pass: the four danh mục extend to muối, đồng phân, ester, ether and muối của đồng phân, that is salts, isomers, esters, ethers and salts of isomers, and they do not extend to analogues, because the words tương tự and đồng đẳng appear nowhere in the decree. A substance that is not printed, and is not a salt, isomer, ester or ether of something printed, is outside the definition rather than arguably inside it. Two things still qualify all of this. Điều 3 khoản 6 routes a newly identified substance through Bộ Công an to the Government, so the list moves and a substance absent today can be added tomorrow. And this is a statement about the narcotics law only: Vietnam's pharmaceutical, customs and administrative rules were not read for this cell and may reach Cannabinol independently of the Criminal Code.
If prescribed / medical: The dossier this cell is written from carries no prescription column, so no medical route for Cannabinol is stated here and none was derived from anything else. There is no placement to attach either: the dossier does not print Cannabinol in any of the four danh mục, and the published 2cb entry records the same absence. A substance outside the danh mục has no narcotics prescription route to describe, which is a different thing from saying it may be carried freely. Whether Cannabinol can lawfully be prescribed in Vietnam, in what form, and what a traveller carrying it would have to show, is deferred and not answered here. This pass did not read Vietnam's pharmaceutical, import or customs rules, and a substance outside the narcotics law can still be refused at a border.
Documentation: Where the rule for Cannabinol comes from, and how far it reaches in time. Two instruments do two different jobs. The list: Luật Phòng, chống ma túy số 73/2021/QH14, Điều 2 khoản 1, provides that a chất ma túy is a substance the Government has placed in the danh mục, so the Government and not the National Assembly decides what counts, and it does so by decree. The decree in force is Nghị định 28/2026/NĐ-CP, issued and effective 19 January 2026, whose Điều 3 khoản 2 repeals Nghị định 57/2022/NĐ-CP and Nghị định 90/2024/NĐ-CP, and whose Điều 1 reads “Ban hành kèm theo Nghị định này Phụ lục các danh mục chất ma túy và tiền chất sau đây”, that is, issued with this decree is the appendix containing the following lists of narcotics and precursors. The published 2cb entry counted that appendix as four danh mục in seven parts and 694 entries, a count carried forward here and not re-made in this pass. The offence: Bộ luật Hình sự số 100/2015/QH13 as amended by Luật số 86/2025/QH15, khoản 18 Điều 1, enacted 25 June 2025 and in force 1 July 2025, which substituted the drug articles in full and is the reason this cell separates the conducts instead of saying that Vietnam has the death penalty for drugs. The consolidated Criminal Code text read for the article wording is văn bản hợp nhất số 135/VBHN-VPQH. The search behind this row. The dossier's instrument column records the terms used as: cannabinol / CBN. That is a record that somebody looked, and it is not a printed schedule entry. The published 2cb entry records the same row as not listed, which is carried forward from the published 2cb entry and not re-derived from the decree text in this pass. The horizon. This cell is written as those lists stand after Nghị định 28/2026/NĐ-CP, in force 19 January 2026, and the dossier behind it records its own date checked as 17 September 2026. The power that moves the list is Điều 3 khoản 6 of the decree, which reads “Khi phát hiện chất mới chưa có trong các danh mục chất ma túy và tiền chất ban hành kèm theo Nghị định này … trình Chính phủ sửa đổi, bổ sung và công bố các danh mục đó.”, that is, when a new substance not yet in the lists is discovered, the Ministry of Public Security submits it to the Government to amend, supplement and publish the lists. What the text in hand incorporates is the 2026 appendix together with the Criminal Code as it stands after 1 July 2025, and nothing here was checked against an amendment published after 19 January 2026. This cell does not rule out a later amendment made under that power. Two limits of the source, stated because they bear on how much weight this row can take. The dossier has no search log column of its own, so on a row where nothing was found there is no way to tell a blank from a row nobody searched, and where its instrument column happens to record search terms that is a record of looking rather than a schedule entry. And the decree is a scanned signed document: the published 2cb entry records that it was rendered at 600 dots per inch and read with optical character recognition in Vietnamese, and that normalisation to NFC was needed before any Vietnamese string could be searched against the cached text, because the cache mixes composed and decomposed forms and a literal search returns a false zero. That method note is carried forward from the published 2cb entry and not re-derived from the decree text in this pass.

Philippines

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol (CBN) as an isolated compound is not named in the Dangerous Drugs Board's Updated Lists of Scheduled Controlled Substances as at 06 July 2025: searched in all 24 pages, "cannabinol" 7 hits. The cannabinol hits in the list are tetrahydrocannabinol and hexahydrocannabinol, different compounds. A CBN product made from the plant may be a cannabis extract, which is printed at entry 29, cannabis resin, extracts and tinctures, on page 6, so its status depends on how it was made. This is stated as at the Board's list of 06 July 2025 and the Board's regulations register read at https://ddb.gov.ph/board-regulations/ on 2 October 2026, whose newest entry is Board Regulation No. 5, Series of 2026 and which lists no Board Regulation No. 1, Series of 2026, and it does not rule out a later amendment.
Consequences if caught: No penalty is stated for this substance, because its status is not established. If it is a dangerous drug, possession is section 11 of RA 9165, measured regardless of purity, with no quantity that is lawful; import and supply under sections 4 and 5 carry life imprisonment and a fine of PHP 500,000 to PHP 10,000,000. RA 9346 prohibits the death penalty, so no drug offence carries death.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is asserted, because the substance's status is not established.
Documentation: Do not carry it into the Philippines on the strength of this page. Importing a dangerous drug unless authorized by law is section 4 of RA 9165, regardless of quantity, and the status of this substance is not established.

Republic Act No. 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, enrolled text as published by the Dangerous Drugs Board, sections 3(j), 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16 and 93 and its annex · ddb.gov.ph · Dangerous Drugs Board, Updated Lists of Scheduled Controlled Substances as at 06 July 2025, all 24 pages, read on 2 October 2026 · ddb.gov.ph · Republic Act No. 9346, sections 1 and 2, text read at lawphil.net on 2 October 2026 because the Official Gazette refused the request · lawphil.net · Updated October 2, 2026

Switzerland

Legal status: Not scheduled. The federal schedule ordinance BetmVV-EDI records no entry for cannabinol. The German search term checked was „Cannabinol“, and nothing was found in lists a to e, nor does any article 1(2) extension for salts, esters, ethers, carbamates, stereoisomers or preparations reach it from a listed substance. Swiss control is closed, so absence from the lists is a substantive answer and not an oversight, but it is a narrow one: this row proves only that the drug schedules do not carry cannabinol, and separate product, medicines, food, tobacco or poisons law may still apply. The oxidation product of THC is not the THC isomer entry, and this row proves only the absence of an entry under its own name.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Switzerland has no death penalty, and on this row there is no BetmG article 19 ceiling at all, because the negative closed list result proved for cannabinol under the search term „Cannabinol“ means the drug act's offence articles are not engaged by the substance itself. Neither the aggravated forms in article 19(2) nor the 20 year maximum that StGB article 40 supplies for drug offences attaches here, and nothing in lists a to e nor any article 1(2) extension reaches it from a listed substance. The oxidation product of THC is not the THC isomer entry, and this row proves only the absence of an entry under its own name.
If prescribed / medical: Cannabinol is not carried in lists a to e of BetmVV-EDI, the search under „Cannabinol“ having returned nothing, so there is no controlled substance authorisation to obtain for it, and the one country level rule this dossier establishes does not bite. That rule is the personal use regime: BetmG article 19a punishes unauthorised consumption of a controlled substance, article 19b makes a negligible quantity prepared for one's own consumption nonpunishable, and article 19b(2) fixes that quantity at 10 g of cannabis alone. None of those articles reaches an unscheduled substance such as cannabinol. No Swiss prescription route or traveller certificate for it was established in this dossier, and any medicines law requirement attaching to the product form was outside what this build verified.
Documentation: Carry cannabinol only in the form and quantity the rest of Swiss law allows, because this row settles the drug schedules and nothing else, and keep any prescribed product in its original packaging with the prescription so that the product form can be identified at a control. The provenance is the negative search of the EDI ordinance BetmVV-EDI under „Cannabinol“, run across lists a to e and the article 1 extensions in the German consolidation dated 13 March 2026, read at Fedlex on 18 September 2026, with the 94 page compilation read through its final page so that no further drug schedule was left unchecked.

Switzerland, Cannabinol: BetmVV-EDI article 1 with Annexes 1 to 6 covering lists a to e, negative search under „Cannabinol“, at https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2011/363/de · Updated September 20, 2026

Czechia

Legal status: Not listed. Cannabinol is not printed as an entry in any of the eight seznamy of nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb. o seznamech návykových látek, nor in the annex to nařízení vlády č. 456/2025 Sb. o seznamu psychomodulačních látek, nor in the annex to nařízení vlády č. 11/2025 Sb. o seznamu zařazených psychoaktivních látek. A full text search of the consolidated nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb. finds the stem kanabinol seven times, in „Tetrahydrokanabinol“, „Hexahydrokanabinol“, „Dimethylheptyltetrahydrokanabinol“, „Dronabinol“ and the cannabis extract rows, and not once standing alone as an entry of its own. Every hit is a compound name in which the stem is part of a longer word, which is precisely the substring trap this pass was written to avoid. Reading each matched row in place shows that the unmodified cannabinol is not an entry in any of the eight seznamy, and it is not in either 2025 list either. The finding is an absence read off the printed lists rather than an inference from silence about a family. This absence is stated as those lists stand after nařízení vlády č. 107/2026 Sb. which is consolidated version 17 of nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb. and consolidated version 4 of nařízení vlády č. 11/2025 Sb. both in force from 25 June 2026, and consolidated version 1 of nařízení vlády č. 456/2025 Sb. in force from 12 November 2025, each read at zakonyprolidy.cz on 21 September 2026. It does not rule out a later amendment.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 6(3) of the Listina základních práv a svobod, ústavní zákon č. 2/1993 Sb. reads „Trest smrti se nepřipouští“, the death penalty is not permitted, so no Czech drug provision carries one. No Czech drug ceiling attaches to this row through the seznamy of návykové látky, because the substance is not printed in them, so no ceiling article is named for it here. The seven hits the stem kanabinol returns are all inside longer compound names such as Tetrahydrokanabinol and Hexahydrokanabinol, and reading each one in place leaves this row with no entry of its own to turn on. On quantity, no greater than small figure was published for this row in the sources reachable for it, and none is invented here. The fine is separate from every custodial band above. Holding no more than a small amount for personal use is an administrative misdemeanour rather than a crime, and the live cell records the penalty for that misdemeanour as a fine of up to CZK 15,000. Read in the consolidated Criminal Code, § 283 odst. 1 sets one to five years for unlawful production, import, offer, sale or holding for another, § 283 odst. 2 sets two to ten years for the first aggravated tier and § 283 odst. 4 sets eight to eighteen years for the gravest. Possession above a small amount for one's own use is § 284, up to two years at odst. 1, six months to five years at odst. 2 and two to eight years at odst. 3. Growing or processing a plant or fungus for one's own use, and other dealing with it for one's own use, is § 285, whose odst. 2 is cannabis possession at more than 200 g in the dwelling or more than 50 g away from it, and whose bands are up to six months at odst. 1 and odst. 2, up to three years at odst. 4 and six months to five years at odst. 5. Making, obtaining or holding a precursor or other object intended for unlawful manufacture is § 286, up to five years at odst. 1 and two to ten years at odst. 2. The live cell stated these as up to one year for cannabis and up to two years for other drugs under § 284, six months to five years under § 285, and one to ten years under § 283 rising to eighteen in aggravated cases, and those live figures are carried forward here beside the bands re-derived from the consolidated text. Those bands and that fine are set out here because the live cell carried them, and this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Czechia's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.

Uruguay

Legal status: Not confirmed. The anchored search ran on cannabinol across all 526 entries and returned no entry. The three entries containing the string are "tetrahidrocannabinol; THC" at Lista Verde, Lista I, "dronabinol (delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol y sus variantes estereoquimicas)" at Lista Verde, Lista II, carilla 14, and "hexahidrocannabinol; HHC" at the same tier, and none of them is this substance; each matches only inside the name and none is an anchored match. The weakness the earlier cell disclosed is now closed and the closure is stated plainly. Article 6 of Decreto 198/025 does not add to the 2020 annex, it replaces the whole consolidated list, and article 8 creates a control with no counterpart anywhere in Decreto 265/020: "Quedan sujetas a control todas aquellas sustancias que se encuadren dentro de los grupos genericos incluidos en el ANEXO II", all substances falling within the generic groups of its Anexo II. Those annexes are published only as Diario Oficial page images, and they have now been read: the edition of 3 October 2025, number 31.766, carillas 7 to 24, fetched one page image at a time from the Diario Oficial image service, read by eye off the page and checked against a Spanish optical character recognition pass, with the eye preferred wherever the two disagreed. Anexo I, Estupefacientes, carries 173 entries at carillas 7 to 12. Anexo II, Sicotropicos, carries 278 entries at carillas 12 to 21 and ends with three generic groups, Feniletilaminas and Catinonas sinteticas, each classed Sicotropicos Lista I, and Derivados de Fentanilo, classed Estupefacientes Lista I. Anexo III carries 75 entries in Tablas I and II at carillas 22 to 24. 526 entries in all. The name column was transcribed by eye and every search below was run against that transcription, not against the optical character recognition text, because the recognition text is not a sound basis for an absence: measured against the transcription, it carries only 396 of the 526 names, 9 of the 29 on carilla 22 and none of the 14 on carilla 24, where it captured the CAS and control columns and dropped the substance column altogether. A search run against it alone would return a false zero for about a quarter of the list [Certain, re-derived here; an independent count by the coordinator using a different normaliser returned 400 rather than 396, and both figures are floors because a misspelling counts as a miss]. The three generic groups do not reach a cannabinoid [Certain]. The replacement annex names six THC isomers individually and adds hexahydrocannabinol by name, so it takes trouble over the cannabinoid family and still does not name this one, which strengthens the absence without closing the derivatives question [Likely]. [Certain as to what the annexes print.] That is what keeps this row open, and the ground has narrowed. The earlier cell deferred on two questions: whether a generic group caught the substance, and whether the derivatives limb reached it. The first is now answered, against control by group. The second is not: article 6 of Decreto 198/025 extends the list to the listed substances' "sales (cuando la existencia de dichas sales es posible), isomeros, derivados y los preparados que las contengan, segun las definiciones de estos", while the notes actually printed under the annexes are narrower and say only "Se consideran controlados tambien todos los isomeros y sales de las sustancias comprendidas en las listas, asi como los productos que las contengan", with no mention of derivatives and no exception clause. The definitions the article points to are not printed anywhere in the three annexes [Certain as to both wordings and as to the absence]. So the nearest listed things are thc at Lista Verde, Lista I, and resina de cannabis y extractos y tinturas de cannabis at Lista Amarilla, Lista I, and whether the derivatives limb reaches this substance is a question the instrument still does not answer. This cell is a deferral and not a finding of absence, and it must not be read or indexed as a statement that the substance is uncontrolled in Uruguay. The version horizon, stated outright because an absence without one expires silently and says nothing about having expired: the list read is the one enacted by Decreto 198/025 of 25 September 2025, published in the Diario Oficial of 3 October 2025, which is the current consolidated national list and replaces the Anexo I of Decreto 265/020 that the earlier cell searched. The power that moves it is article 15 of Decreto-Ley 14.294 in the wording given to it by article 2 of Ley 17.016, and article 8 of Decreto 198/025 subjects substances to control by generic group rather than by name. The annexes were read as at 25 September 2025, the date of the decreto that enacts them and the last amendment the text in hand incorporates. This does not rule out a later individual entry, a later replacement of the annexes, or a later generic group.

Argentina

Legal status: Not confirmed. The estupefaciente lists were read in full and do not name it, but that is not the whole answer for this row, so no status is asserted here. This does not rule out a later decree substituting or amending either annex, and it does not rule out a placement under some instrument other than these two.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass from the consolidated text of Ley 23.737 published by InfoLEG: the words muerte and perpetua each return zero hits across the whole Act, so it carries neither a capital route nor a life route, and the heaviest term anywhere in it is the eight to twenty years of article 7. The scope of that measurement is this Act. It is not a statement about any other body of Argentine law. [Certain] Argentina places substances by delegated executive list. Article 40 of Ley 23.737 rewrote the last paragraph of article 77 of the Penal Code to read that el término estupefacientes comprende los estupefacientes, psicotrópicos y demás sustancias susceptibles de producir dependencia física o psíquica que se incluyan en las listas que se elaboren y actualicen periódicamente por decreto del Poder Ejecutivo nacional. Article 2 of Decreto 560/2019 then makes that a dual list: it considers estupefacientes las sustancias incluidas en la lista del Anexo I y las sustancias que queden incluidas en los grupos químicos de la lista del Anexo II. Anexo I was substituted by Decreto 122/2026, published 02/03/2026, and now runs to 886 numbered rows. Anexo II carries seventeen chemical groups and has not been substituted. A search of Ley 23.737 for a substance name is therefore not a scheduling result. [Certain] No entry names it. Spanish and chemical terms searched: cannabinol; canabinol; CBN. There was therefore no entry text to read. [Certain] The alphabetical neighbours were read: Fila 303 Camazepam and Fila 304 Cannabis y resina de cannabis y extractos y tinturas de cannabis, with no row between them. The list does name many other cannabinoids individually, including delta-8-THC at Fila 359, delta-9-THC at Fila 368, hexahidrocannabinol at Fila 523 and nine hydroxy and acetate variants, so this absence sits inside a family that is otherwise heavily listed. This row is a deferral and not a finding because Fila 304 reaches extractos y tinturas de cannabis and this substance occurs in cannabis and in its extracts, so a product containing it engages that entry however this substance is itself treated. None of the seven Anexo II synthetic cannabinoid groups reaches a dibenzopyran of this kind; they are the acylindole, arylpyrazole, azaindole, cyclohexylphenol, naphthoylpyrrole, carboxamide and carboxylate scaffolds. [Certain] The list read for this row is the complete Anexo I, all 886 numbered rows, taken from the text-layer PDF that the Boletín Oficial publishes and that the decree's own NOTA names as the place its annexes appear. Its sha256 is 197fce006cd7388d4eb06adae573487d2fe820976f55f242d0623e3215deca62 and a copy is kept at research/instruments/argentina/. The low resolution image served on the two normativa pages omits one page of that annex, Fila 614 to 651; the Boletín Oficial PDF does not, and every figure here was read from the PDF. [Certain] The negative above does not rest on predicting where the name would sort. Every entry name on every published page of the current Anexo I was read in this pass, Fila 1 to 613 and Fila 652 to 886, and none of the terms above appears as an entry name. A machine transcription of the same image was then searched for the same stems as a second pass; it returned matches only inside the chemical name columns of other rows and none as an entry name, which corroborates the read without replacing it. [Certain] An unmatched row is unresolved, not absent from the law. The searches above were run in Spanish against the entry names of the current Anexo I and against the seventeen group definitions of Anexo II, as at the Anexo I substituted by Decreto 122/2026, published 02/03/2026, read together with Anexo II of Decreto 560/2019, which was the current text when this cell was written. This does not rule out a later decree substituting or amending either annex, and it does not rule out a placement under some instrument other than these two. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass from the articles themselves. Article 14 first paragraph sets prisión de uno a seis años, one to six years, and a fine for anyone who holds estupefacientes. Article 14 second paragraph reduces that to un mes a dos años, one month to two years, when, por su escasa cantidad y demás circunstancias, surgiere inequívocamente que la tenencia es para uso personal. Article 5 sets prisión de cuatro (4) a quince (15) años, four to fifteen years, y multa de cuarenta y cinco (45) a novecientas (900) unidades fijas, for anyone acting sin autorización o con destino ilegítimo who sows or cultivates, produces, manufactures, extracts or prepares, trades or holds for the purposes of trade, distributes, gives in payment, stores or transports, or delivers, supplies, applies or facilitates to others for payment. A delivery free of charge is tres (3) a doce (12) años, three to twelve years. Article 5 drops to un mes a dos años, one month to two years, where the escasa cantidad sown or cultivated shows unequivocally it was to obtain estupefacientes for the person's own consumption, and to seis (6) meses a tres (3) años, six months to three years, where a free and occasional supply was plainly for the recipient's own use. Article 6 sets the same four to fifteen years for importing and then illegitimately altering the declared destination, dropping to three to twelve years where the quantity shows unequivocally the goods were not for trade. Article 7 sets prisión de ocho (8) a veinte (20) años, eight to twenty years, y multa de noventa (90) a mil ochocientas (1.800) unidades fijas for organising or financing any of the article 5 or article 6 activities. Article 11 raises the penalties in the preceding articles en un tercio del máximo a la mitad del mínimo for its six listed aggravations, among them use of a person under eighteen, violence or deceit, three or more organised participants, and commission near a school, a health centre, a place of detention or a sporting or cultural institution, and the same sentence caps the increase in its own words, sin que las mismas puedan exceder el máximo legal de la especie de pena de que se trate. Arithmetic on article 7 plus article 11 gives twenty six years and eight months, which is a derivation and not a figure the Act states, and the species cap governs it. Article 17 lets the court suspend the sentence in an article 14 second paragraph case where personal use and dependence are proved and order a curative measure instead, and a satisfactory result exempts the person from the penalty. Article 16 adds a curative measure to the sentence of any dependent person convicted of any offence. The figures in the preceding sentences are the penalties Argentina publishes for offences involving estupefacientes. They are stated here so that nothing is dropped, and they are not this row's exposure, because whether any of those offences reaches this substance is exactly what was not established here. [Likely] Carried from the live cell rather than re-derived here, because the ruling is not on the instrument pages read in this pass: the 2009 Corte Suprema decision in Arriola held the article 14 second paragraph penalty unconstitutional for consumption in private that harms nobody else, under article 19 of the Constitution. That ruling binds its own case. Lower courts vary, police still arrest, and the statute fixes no gram threshold, so decriminalised is not legalised and sale and purchase remain criminal.

Colombia

Legal status: Not listed. Anexo Técnico 1 of Resolución 116 de 2026 carries no entry for cannabinol, canabinol or CBN as at 27 January 2026, and that does not rule out a later resolution. [Certain] as to this list. This row is a finding and not a deferral, and it is written to index as an answer for that reason. The absence was not merely searched for: an independent re-parse of Anexo Técnico 1 from the page geometry reproduced 469 entries numbered 1 to 469 with no gap and no duplicate, and this substance appears in neither the name column nor the chemical-name column of any of them. What the row does not say, and cannot, is that the substance is permitted: it says the current annex does not carry it, as at 27 January 2026, and article 3 of the same resolution provides for substances included in Anexo Técnico 1 for the first time, so a later resolution is not ruled out.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 11 of the Constitución Política reads, in its own words, that el derecho a la vida es inviolable and that no habrá pena de muerte, so no Colombian drug offence carries a capital penalty. [Certain] Penal Code article 376, as replaced by article 11 of Ley 1453 de 2011, punishes unauthorised import, transit, export, transport, carrying, storage, keeping, manufacture, sale, offer, acquisition, financing or supply of a narcotic, psychotropic or synthetic drug contemplated in schedules one, two, three and four of the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, with 128 to 360 months of imprisonment and a fine of 1,334 to 50,000 monthly legal minimum wages. Its second and third paragraphs graduate that by quantity, naming marihuana, hachís, cocaine, derivados de la amapola, droga sintética, nitrato de amilo and ketamina y GHB, and this substance is not among them by name. Article 384 doubles the minimum of those figures in its listed aggravations, among them use of a minor and commission in or near a school. [Certain] Ley 30 de 1986 article 2(j) fixes the dosis para uso personal at not more than 20 g of marihuana, 5 g of marihuana hachís, 1 g of cocaine or any cocaine-based substance and 2 g of metacualona, and adds that it is not a personal dose, whatever the quantity, where the purpose is distribution or sale. Sentencia C-221 de 1994 declared article 2(j) exequible and articles 51 and 87 of Ley 30 inexequibles, resting on article 16 of the Constitution, the right to the free development of personality. The protection is judicial rather than statutory: article 11 of Ley 1453 de 2011 rewrote article 376 without the words salvo lo dispuesto sobre dosis para uso personal that the earlier text carried, and Sentencia C-491 de 2012 then upheld the rewritten article only on the understanding that it does not criminalise carrying or keeping a dose exclusively destined for personal consumption. Decriminalised is not the same as lawful: sale and supply stay criminal at any quantity. No printed figure covers this substance. [Certain] Those are Colombia's published penalties. They are the country's penalties and not this row's exposure, because article 376 defines its object as a substance contemplated in schedules one to four of the 1971 Convention and no entry for this substance was found in Anexo Técnico 1 at all. Whether the offence reaches this substance is exactly what was not established here. Anexo Técnico 1 of Resolución 116 de 27 January 2026 was read entry by entry, all 469 numbered entries, and it carries no entry for cannabinol, canabinol or CBN. Anexo Técnico 1 numbers its 469 entries consecutively from 1 to 469 with no gap, so the absence was confirmed by reading the whole of it: a sweep of every entry name and every chemical name returns no hit for this substance.. Anexo Técnico 4, which extends each list to salts, isomers, esters, ethers, hydrates and stereoisomers, reaches nothing here either, because cannabinol is a distinct cannabinoid rather than an isomer or a stereochemical variant of tetrahidrocannabinol, so neither the delta-THC entries nor the Lista Verde stereoisomer rule reaches it. This is the list as at 27 January 2026 and it does not rule out a later resolution. [Certain] Entries 432 to 438 list seven tetrahidrocannabinol forms and entry 256 lists hexahydrocannabinol, and cannabinol is none of them. The 0.2 per cent rule inside entry 135 is written about THC, its isomers and its acid forms, so it does not reach this compound either.

Costa Rica

Legal status: Not confirmed. The placement for this row is not established, and the position is open rather than negative. Article 1 of Ley 7786, as integrally reformed by Ley 8204, fixes the scope by reference to the substances included in the 1961 and 1971 Conventions and the 1988 Convention, and the Ministerio de Salud reproduces those listas in Spanish in its national fiscalizacion list and adds a short Otros agregados section of national additions. Both limbs were searched for this row and neither returns an entry. Cannabinol is a distinct oxidised cannabinoid and it is not among the six THC isomers the tetrahidrocannabinol entry names. [Likely] that the row is not currently reached, not [Certain]. The search log is in the documentation.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 21 of the Constitution provides "La vida humana es inviolable", the human life is inviolable, and the word "muerte" appears zero times across the 81 pages of the consolidated Act. Both of those were measured in this pass and together they are what carries the heading. Costa Rica is an abolitionist state of long standing, [Likely] on the nineteenth century date, which was not re-derived here. Costa Rica publishes these penalties for drug trafficking. Article 58 carries eight to fifteen years for unauthorised distribution, commerce, supply, manufacture, transport, storage or sale, and article 77 raises that to eight to twenty years on an enumerated aggravation. Those are the country's published penalties and they are not this row's exposure, because whether either offence reaches Cannabinol is exactly what was not established. The second paragraph of article 58 reaches possession only "para cualquiera de los fines expresados", that is possession for one of those trafficking purposes. Ley 7786 creates no offence of consumption and no offence of simple possession for personal use. Article 79 answers a person consuming in a public place with voluntary and free treatment in a public or private health centre, not with a penalty.
If prescribed / medical: The prescription position follows the placement, and the placement is what was not settled. Article 58 turns on the words "sin autorizacion legal", so a Costa Rican authorisation is what matters if the substance is reached at all. Article 2 confines handling of the substances the Act covers to medical, analytical and research quantities on official forms issued by the Ministerio de Salud under Decreto 45161-S of 17 June 2025.
Documentation: Consolidation read: Ley 7786 of 30 April 1998 as integrally reformed by Ley 8204, in the Texto Completo Norma 8204 print published by the Instituto Costarricense sobre Drogas, which carries its own generation date of 19 November 2018. The same ranges, ocho a quince anos in article 58 and de ocho a veinte anos in article 77, were independently read on 18 September 2026 against the later Sinalevi record of Ley 7786, version 13 of 13, so the 2018 print is corroborated rather than assumed current. Control model, re derived from the statute in this pass. Costa Rica prints no annex of controlled substances in its drug Act: across the 81 pages the only drug names anywhere are in article 96, on the disposal of seized marihuana, cocaina and heroina. Article 1 regulates "estupefacientes, psicotropicos, sustancias inhalables y demas drogas y farmacos susceptibles de producir dependencias fisicas o psiquicas, incluidos en la Convencion Unica sobre Estupefacientes... de 1961... asi como en el Convenio de Viena sobre Sustancias Psicotropicas, de 21 de febrero de 1971... asimismo, en la Convencion... de 1988". Its second paragraph is a different thing and is often misread as the control annex: it has the Ministerio de Salud and the MAG draw up and publish in La Gaceta "las listas de estupefacientes, psicotropicos y similares Licitos", the licit ones, which is the authorisation side. The incorporation is ambulatory: article 36 defines precursors as Cuadro I of the 1988 Convention "y sus anexos, asi como los que se le incorporen en el futuro", and article 100 gives the Instituto Costarricense sobre Drogas a mandate framed by the conventions and by "los listados oficiales, publicados periodicamente en La Gaceta". The second limb, measured. The national list is the Lista de sustancias sometidas a fiscalizacion nacional, incluidos los medicamentos psicotropicos y estupefacientes, Direccion de Drogas y Estupefacientes of the Ministerio de Salud, updated 10 September 2026 and signed that day by Dra. Mariela Alfaro Segura. It runs to 27 pages in three sections, estupefacientes, psicotropicos and Otros agregados, and it names its own legal basis as the Reglamento para el control de drogas, estupefacientes y psicotropicas N. 45161-S, the instrument cited elsewhere as Decreto 45161-S of 17 June 2025. The two titles are the same text. A reading of 18 September 2026 records that the decree gives the competent body the function "Elaborar y actualizar la lista de sustancias oficialmente consideradas estupefacientes o psicotropicos y similares de uso regulado" and that its five annexes are forms rather than a substance schedule; that quotation is carried from that reading and was not re derived here. The whole of Otros agregados is twelve entries: metilfenidato, tapentadol and the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 among the estupefacientes, and ketamina, esketamina, mexazolam, zaleplon, zopiclona and the piperazines mCPP, CPP, TFMPP and 1,4 dibencilpiperazina among the psicotropicos. Amending Act in force between that list and this reading, read in the official gazette in this pass. Ley 10961 of 9 June 2026, published in Alcance 78 to La Gaceta 113 of 19 June 2026, provides "Rige tres meses a partir de su publicacion" and so took effect on 19 September 2026. It runs to four articles: it adds article 15 quater to Ley 7786 on the anti-money-laundering duties of virtual asset service providers, carries that cross reference into articles 16, 16 bis, 25, 33, 33 bis, 86 and 123, reforms the article 81 administrative fines, and allows three months for regulations. Every Ley 7786 article it touches is money laundering machinery, and it leaves articles 1, 2, 36, 58, 73, 74, 77, 77 bis and 79 untouched, so it moves no row in this batch. Method note. The 2026-09-20 Costa Rica dossier was used only as the slug list and as one of the two term list sources. Its outcome column, its instrument column and its quotation column were not treated as evidence and no placement in this batch rests on them; every placement is the entry read in the list the statute incorporates. Two of its readings were not adopted: it treated ergometrina and ergina as one row when they are separate substances on separate limbs, and it left dextrometorfano unresolved when the instrument excludes it in terms. Sibling name traps were checked rather than assumed. Anchored matching correctly did not return bencilmorfina, desomorfina, dihidromorfina, metildihidromorfina, mirofina or diacetilmorfina for the morfina row, isometadona, normetadona or the metadona intermediario for the metadona row, metcatinona or 4-metiletcatinona for the catinona row, MMDA or N-etil MDA for the MDA row, beta-ceto-MDMA for the MDMA row, levometanfetamina for the metanfetamina row, PCPY for the PCP row, brolanfetamina for the anfetamina row, or norpseudoefedrina for the efedrina row. Two extraction zeroes were false and were recovered by re interrogation: hexahidrocannabinol and 2-fluorodescloroketamina are both line wrapped in the source and a column based read missed both. Routes run for the instrument in this pass. pgrweb.go.cr/scij is a JavaScript shell: the Ley 8204 and Ley 7786 records and the sinalevi.go.cr record each returned about 25 KB that renders to 1,159 characters of site chrome and no statutory text, so a size threshold would have cleared all three. imprentanacional.go.cr served the official gazette carrying Ley 10961. The institutional reproduction at icd.go.cr served the consolidated Act, and ministeriodesalud.go.cr served the national list and the circulars. The schedule pages were checked for hidden content: the list PDF holds one image object repeated on all 27 pages, which is the ministry letterhead, and its byte size is accounted for by that banner, so no entry is carried in an image. Search log for this row: the names "Cannabinol" and "Canabinol" were searched across all three sections of the national list; every hit was inside a longer entry name, namely tetrahidrocannabinol, dronabinol and hexahidrocannabinol, and none of those is cannabinol. Cannabinol is a distinct oxidised cannabinoid and it is not among the six THC isomers the tetrahidrocannabinol entry names. The reading is as at the national list of 10 September 2026 and the Convention listas it reproduces, and it does not rule out a later list or a later national addition. Nothing here is a finding that Cannabinol is uncontrolled. Carry any prescription and its dispensing label, and treat the position as open rather than settled. Sourcing, re derived in this pass and not carried: the two Junta de Vigilancia de Drogas urls cited by this row are DIRECTORIES and not documents. The listing page names the national fiscalisation list but does not carry it; the list is a separate PDF behind a numbered link, and that PDF is what the placement in this row actually rests on. Both documents are now fetched and cited by their own urls: "Lista de sustancias sometidas a fiscalizacion nacional, incluidos los medicamentos psicotropicos y estupefacientes", and "Lista de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Psicotropicas Sometidas a Fiscalizacion Nacional". The first carries the Otros agregados section this row's reasoning refers to [Certain, read from the fetched PDF]. The circulars page cited alongside them exposes no document at all.

Dominican Republic

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is the oxidised breakdown product of THC and it is not itself a tetrahydrocannabinol, its cannabinoid ring being aromatic rather than partly saturated, so the plural entry «Tetrahidrocanabinoles» at number 21 of acápite III of Categoría I of article 8 of Ley 50-88 does not reach it by its own words. It has no entry of its own. The route that may reach it is acápite XXIX of article 2, which defines «Marihuana» to include every compound, product, derivative, mixture or preparation of the plant, its seeds or its resin, and cannabinol in aged plant material arrives exactly that way.
Consequences if caught: A cannabinol measured in a seized sample will usually have come from the plant, which makes the definitional route the practical one, but the statute does not say so. Article 75 sets the prison band by the role the case is classified into: six months to two years for simple possession, three to ten years for a distributor, a seller or an intermediary, five to twenty years for a trafficker, and thirty years for a patrocinador. The quantity scales that decide which of those roles a case falls into are printed for cocaine in article 5 and for marihuana and hashish in article 6, and Ley 50-88 prints no quantity scale for any other substance. The fines run with the same roles: RD$1,500 to RD$2,500 for simple possession, RD$10,000 to RD$50,000 for a distributor or an intermediary, not less than the value of the drugs seized and never less than RD$50,000 for a trafficker, and not less than RD$1,000,000 for a patrocinador. Article 59 adds five to twenty years with a fine of not less than RD$250,000 for taking a controlled drug into or out of the national territory in international traffic, and thirty years with a fine of not less than RD$1,000,000 where the Dominican Republic is the final destination. Article 58 classifies illicit trafficking, the manufacture, distribution or possession of equipment for producing controlled drugs, and the acquisition or laundering of the proceeds, as delitos graves to be punished with the maximum of the penalties and the fines, and its párrafo calls illicit trafficking an international offence. Article 85 doubles the penalty for a reincident trafficker or patrocinador and caps the resulting prison term at thirty years, and article 87 withdraws provisional liberty on bail, conditional liberty and the conditional pardon of the sentence from every offence in this law. Those figures are set out here because whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established. Ley 50-88 provides no death penalty for any drug offence, and the highest prison term it prints anywhere is thirty years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form. If you are carrying any other controlled medicine, carry it in its original packaging with the prescription and the dispensing label, and confirm the requirement with your embassy before travel.
Documentation

Jamaica

Legal status: No current named entry for Cannabinol was proved in the Dangerous Drugs Act. The two cannabis wordings the Act does carry are the section 2 definition of ganja, «all parts of the plant known as cannabis sativa from which the resin has not been extracted and includes any resin obtained from that plant», and section 10(1)(b), «any extract or tincture of the plant cannabis sativa». Neither names an isolated or synthesised cannabinoid, and an isolate is neither plant material nor a resin, so whether it falls inside the phrase extract or tincture is a question the printed words do not answer. The searches recorded for this row ran «cannabinol», «cannabinol», spelling variants and the chemical name across the consolidated text and returned no named entry and no closed group rule. The row separates a minor natural cannabinoid from THC and from cannabis plant material. This cell therefore asserts no placement, and the answer will turn on what the laboratory certificate says the material is.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The words death, capital and hanging appear nowhere in the 43 page consolidated Dangerous Drugs Act, and every penalty limb in it stops at imprisonment: thirty five years on conviction before a Circuit Court under sections 7B, 8A and 8B, and five years or less on summary conviction before a Resident Magistrate. No penalty limb is assigned to this row, because no placement was proved and a ceiling copied across from a neighbouring row would be an invention. The searches recorded were «cannabinol», «cannabinol», spelling variants and the chemical name, and the row separates a minor natural cannabinoid from THC and from cannabis plant material. If an identification or a Ministerial order under section 11 were to bring the material within Part IV, sections 8A and 8B would carry the thirty five year Circuit Court ceiling and the summary alternative of a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand dollars or five years. If it were identified as ganja or its resin, the ounce based scale in sections 7B and 7C would apply instead. Neither of those is asserted here.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is described for this substance in the Dangerous Drugs Act, and the Act supplies the only traveller rule this citation can carry: possession of a Part IV drug is lawful only as authorized by a licence or under regulations made under section 9, and section 15 governs a dangerous drug brought to the Island in transit. No schedule placement attaches to this row on the face of this instrument, so nothing in the Act tells a traveller which authorisation, if any, would be the right one to hold. The term recorded for this row in the compilation is «cannabinol», and the identification question that has to be settled before any authorisation answer is given is the one this row was drawn around, which separates a minor natural cannabinoid from THC and from cannabis plant material.
Documentation: Do not read the absence of an entry as permission. Ask the Ministry of Justice or the nearest Jamaican mission whether a Ministerial order under section 11, or any medicines or pharmacy instrument outside this Act, reaches this substance, and ask before travelling rather than on arrival. If you carry it as a medicine, bring the original packaging, the prescription and a letter naming the patient, the active ingredient, the dose and the treatment period. When you confirm this row, ask the question it turns on, namely whether the answer separates a minor natural cannabinoid from THC and from cannabis plant material. The searches relied on here, «cannabinol», «cannabinol», spelling variants and the chemical name, were read on 20 September 2026.

Ireland

Legal status: Cannabinol is a controlled drug in Ireland. The placement recorded for this row is: Schedule 1; S.I. 210/2022, Sch. 1 para. 1(a); S.I. 150/2023, reg. 4. The entry relied on prints “Cannabinol, except where contained in Cannabis or cannabis resin”, and that is the wording this placement rests on. Cannabinol is expressly scheduled, while the instrument handles cannabis and resin through separate entries. Section 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 is what turns a scheduled substance into a controlled drug for that Act's offences, and the schedules themselves are set by the Regulations named above rather than by the Act, so a placement moves when an amending instrument moves it. The entry quoted here excepts cannabinol contained in cannabis or cannabis resin, which sends that material to the cannabis row in this table instead. The two rows are the same instrument dividing one chemical between two entries, and the cannabis row carries a different possession scale from this one.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Ireland has no death penalty, so nothing on this row can reach one. The exposure that does run is imprisonment, and it runs because of where this row sits: Schedule 1; S.I. 210/2022, Sch. 1 para. 1(a); S.I. 150/2023, reg. 4. The entry that puts it there prints “Cannabinol, except where contained in Cannabis or cannabis resin”, so what follows runs from that entry and not from the substance's reputation. Section 3 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 makes simple possession an offence and section 27(1)(b) permits up to 7 years on indictment for it. Section 15 reaches possession for unlawful sale or supply and section 27(3) permits life imprisonment for that. Section 15A is the presumptive offence and the source read here records it applying at €13,000, which is a market value of the drugs and is not a weight, a dose count or a quantity threshold of any kind. Sections 27(3C) and 27(3D) then carry the ten year presumptive minimum and the narrow grounds on which a court may go below it. The 2010 Act does not run alongside any of this, because section 2(1)(f) of that Act puts a controlled drug outside it. The source's own ceiling line for this row reads: For cannabinol, 1977 Act s. 27(1)(b) permits up to 7 years for possession on indictment; s. 27(3) permits life for s. 15 supply; s. 15A applies at €13,000 with the s. 27(3C)-(3D) ten-year rule; 2010 Act excluded by s. 2(1)(f). Read as at 20 September 2026. These are the statutory ceilings the source records and they are not a prediction of what any court would impose.
If prescribed / medical: Not established for Ireland in the source read here, and deferred rather than guessed. The dossier this cell was authored from carries no prescription column and no traveller column, and no source for one, so nothing is asserted about whether a visitor may bring cannabinol into Ireland, what a foreign prescription is worth at an Irish border, or what licence, certificate or authorisation Ireland requires for it. That was not researched and it is not inferred here. What the row does establish is its placement, which reads: Schedule 1; S.I. 210/2022, Sch. 1 para. 1(a); S.I. 150/2023, reg. 4. Attached to this substance, the wording read for it is “Cannabinol, except where contained in Cannabis or cannabis resin”, and that is a scheduling record rather than anything about medicine. This row's own words record no medical limb, no exemption and no prescribing route of any kind, so there is nothing in it to attach to even conditionally. A scheduling fact is not a prescribing route, and the silence in this field is an absence of research rather than a permission.

Austria

Legal status: Not confirmed. A definitive NPS classification of pure cannabinol could not be settled, and the difficulty is a single word in a structural definition. Group 1 of Annex II specifies reduced cannabinoid cores, the tetrahydro form at limb (g) and the hexahydro form at limb (l), whereas cannabinol is fully aromatic. Whether the word derivable stretches to cover that aromatization is the open point, and no express dehydrogenation rule settles it. The permitted substituent list does not expressly address a change in core hydrogenation either. The narcotics instrument holds no cannabinol entry, and the isomer rule cannot supply one: cannabinol has four fewer hydrogens than tetrahydrocannabinol, so it is neither a positional nor a stereo isomer of it. The psychotrope instrument holds no entry, and no prescription listing was found under either the cannabinol or the CBN spelling. A medicinal presentation could bring a particular product under the medicines act without answering the structural question, and the EU novel food regulation permits only authorised novel foods on the Union list to be marketed on that list's conditions, which controls marketing rather than classification. The public chemistry record gives the formula and connectivity and no Austrian legal interpretation.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. On the material read the life ceiling does not attach either, and that much is fixed whatever happens to the classification: SMG §28a(5) is reached only through §28a(1) conduct involving a Suchtgift, cannabinol has no narcotics entry, and it cannot be brought in as a tetrahydrocannabinol isomer because it carries four fewer hydrogens. What cannot be stated is the positive position, because if the NPS aromatization question were resolved against the substance the ceiling would be ten years under NPSG §4(2) with a two year base offence under §4(1), and if it were resolved the other way there would be no drug ceiling at all and only the novel food and product obligations would remain. The cell records the gap rather than guessing which way it falls. Separately from that, and carried forward from this site's published Austria entry rather than re-derived from the Suchtmittelgesetz in this pass, the published penalties are these. Austrian practice is depenalised and not legalised, and the published entry says so in those terms. There is no legal minimum quantity, and possession of any amount for personal use is punishable under section 27, up to six months in prison or a fine. Under Therapie statt Strafe at section 35, small quantity personal use is typically provisionally suspended from prosecution on one to two years of probation where the person accepts counselling or treatment. Consumption itself is not criminalised, but the possession that precedes it is. Above the Grenzmenge, the threshold quantity, the offence becomes dealing or trafficking under sections 28 and 28a, up to one to three years, escalating to ten to fifteen years for commercial or organised cases. Every figure in this paragraph is a penalty range or a fine and none of them is a quantity threshold. Whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established, so they are recorded as Austria's published drug penalties and not as this row's exposure.

Poland

Legal status: Not named in the Polish national list. Cannabinol appears in none of the three annexes under its own name. What the annexes do name is the tetrahydrocannabinol field: «Tetrahydrokannabinole» at lp. 96 of group I-P, which the 2026 amending regulation rewrote to list six named isomers, and «Δ9-tetrahydrokannabinol i jego warianty stereochemiczne» at lp. 37 of group II-P. Cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol and is not among them.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Poland has no death penalty, and no drug offence attaches to this row at all on the list as read. So no offence attaches to cannabinol as an isolated substance on the list as read. The practical qualification is that cannabis material is separately controlled: «KONOPI ZIELE innych niż włókniste» is lp. 113 of group I-N and «ŻYWICA KONOPI» is lp. 188, so herb or resin containing cannabinol is the listed thing whatever its cannabinol content. For that plant material the possession band is the one article 62(1) sets, up to three years, with one year to ten years under article 62(2) for a considerable quantity and the article 62a discontinuance available as a power and not an entitlement. The published Poland entry placed cannabinol in Schedule I of the 1971 Convention and said Poland reached it by incorporating that convention. Neither half survives the reading: Poland has a national list, and cannabinol is not on it. This absence is stated as at the consolidated text of 17 June 2024, Dz.U. 2024 poz. 1139, as that text stands after the amending regulations of 30 April 2025, Dz.U. 2025 poz. 598, and of 7 July 2026, Dz.U. 2026 poz. 934, read at api.sejm.gov.pl on 21 September 2026. The power to move the list belongs to the Minister of Health, exercised by rozporządzenie under article 44f of the 2005 Act, and that does not rule out a later rozporządzenie made after the date of this reading.
If prescribed / medical: No authorised medicinal product in Poland contains isolated cannabinol.
Documentation: No controlled drug documentation arises for the isolated substance, and the certificate issued under article 75 of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement does not apply to it because no prescription can be written for it. Plant material is a different question, because the herb and the resin are listed.

Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 sierpnia 2018 r. w sprawie wykazu substancji psychotropowych, środków odurzających oraz nowych substancji psychoaktywnych, tekst jednolity Dz.U. 2024 poz. 1139 · api.sejm.gov.pl · Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 30 kwietnia 2025 r. zmieniające to rozporządzenie, Dz.U. 2025 poz. 598, w mocy od 22 maja 2025 r. · Updated September 21, 2026

Croatia

Legal status: Cannabinol is not named in the Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, NN 19/2023, and was not added by its amendment NN 154/2024. Searched for kanabinol and for the characters CBN across all three lists, and read every one of the three hits in place together with its neighbours. All three hits are inside longer words and none of them is this molecule. The first is dibenzopirani in the Schedule 1 psychotropic section, which reaches compounds structurally derived from cannabinol and hydrogenated at ring A; cannabinol is the reference compound that definition is measured from, its ring A is aromatic rather than hydrogenated, and a compound is not structurally derived from itself. The second is tetrahidrokanabinol in the same section, which lists six named isomers and none of them is cannabinol. The third is dronabinol in the Schedule 2 psychotropic section, which is the delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol entry. So cannabinol has no entry and is not inside the one class that mentions it. The konoplja entry in the narcotic list does catch cannabis resin and the extracts and tinctures of cannabis, so material containing cannabinol may be caught as a cannabis extract even though the isolated molecule is not listed, and that turns on the material rather than on this row. Article 2(1)(3) of the control Act defines a new psychoactive substance by risk similarity rather than by a list and Article 3(1) prohibits possessing one. Cannabinol is not itself in the 1961 or 1971 Conventions. This absence is stated as the Popis stands after its only amendment NN 154/2024, read at https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2023_02_19_331.html on 21 September 2026. It does not rule out a later amendment.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 21 of the Ustav Republike Hrvatske reads »U Republici Hrvatskoj nema smrtne kazne«, there is no death penalty in the Republic of Croatia, and Article 41 of the Kazneni zakon lists the only punishments as a fine, imprisonment and long term imprisonment. No entry in the Popis connects this row to Article 190 of the Kazneni zakon, whose subject is »tvari koje su propisom proglašene drogom«, substances declared a drug by regulation. The bands below are Croatia's published drug penalties, set out because the live cell carried them, and they are reproduced without being asserted of this row. Article 190 of the Kazneni zakon supplies the criminal bands, and its subject is »tvari koje su propisom proglašene drogom«, substances declared a drug by regulation, so a Popis entry is what brings a row within it. Article 190(1) sets six months to five years for unauthorised production or processing. Article 190(2) sets three to twelve years for producing, processing, transporting, exporting, importing, acquiring or possessing such substances intended for unauthorised sale, and for offering, selling or brokering them. Article 190(3) sets three to fifteen years where the sale is to a person with severe mental disturbance or to a child, or takes place at or near a school or another place serving the education, upbringing, sport or social activity of children, or in a penal institution, or where an official commits it in the course of duty. Article 190(4) sets not less than three years for organising a network of resellers or intermediaries, and Article 190(5) not less than five years where the act causes considerable damage to the health of a larger number of people or the death of the person sold to. Article 190(8) requires confiscation of the substances, the plants and fungi they come from, and the means of production, transport and consumption. Article 190(2) read one to twelve years until Article 10 of the Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Kaznenog zakona, NN 136/2025, replaced the word »jedne« with »tri«, and it has read three to twelve years since that Act came into force on the eighth day after its publication on 5 November 2025. Article 44(1) of the Kazneni zakon caps a term of imprisonment at twenty years, which is what bounds the open ended minima in Article 190(4) and Article 190(5), and Article 46 puts long term imprisonment of twenty one to forty years outside the reach of Article 190. All three appearances of the word in the instrument are inside longer names, and the class that mentions it reaches compounds derived from it rather than the compound itself. The live cell recorded that since 1 January 2013 personal use possession of any drug has been reclassified from a kazneno djelo, a criminal offence, to a prekršaj, a misdemeanour, and that is carried forward here. It recorded the misdemeanour fine as roughly 660 to 2,650 euro. It recorded possible short misdemeanour detention of up to 90 days, confiscation, and no arrest for possession alone. On quantity it recorded that there is no statutory personal use quantity and that courts decide case by case, and that hedge is carried forward as it stood. It recorded cultivation or production without intent to sell as six months to five years. It recorded sale, import, export or possession for sale as three to twelve years. It recorded aggravated cases, near schools, to children or organised, as up to fifteen to twenty years. It recorded that medical cannabis has been legal since October 2015 on prescription, capped at 0,75 g of THC per month and limited to residents. It recorded that claims of a 2026 reform introducing a five gram cannabis threshold are not supported by any primary source and should be disregarded. Read against the control Act, the misdemeanour the live fine belongs to is Article 54(1) point 1 of the Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga read with Article 54(3), which makes possession contrary to Article 3(1) a misdemeanour for a natural person. The fine that provision prints is 5.000,00 to 20.000,00 kuna or imprisonment of up to 90 days, because the Act's consolidation still carries the pre euro figures, and at the fixed conversion rate that range is about 663 to 2,654 euro, which reconciles with the live figure rather than replacing it. Article 190 as read carries no possession for own use offence at all, which is consistent with the live cell's 2013 reclassification but is not proof of it. The words without intent to sell are the live cell's gloss and not the statute's: Article 190(1) is unauthorised production or processing, and Article 190(7) deems unauthorised growing of a plant or fungus from which a drug can be obtained to be production. The 0,75 g monthly cap appears in nothing read for this cell; Article 13(6) to (9) of the control Act permits cannabis cultivation and production for medical purposes on an approval from the health ministry, and the monthly figure is carried forward from the live cell and was not re-derived. Those bands, that fine and those quantity words are set out here because the live cell carried them, and whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established here, so they are recorded as Croatia's published drug penalties and not as a measure of this row's exposure.

Hungary

Legal status: Not listed. Cannabinol is not a named entry of the K1 or K2 jegyzék in the 1. melléklet, of the P1, P2, P3 or P4 jegyzék in the 2. melléklet, or of the új pszichoaktív anyagok jegyzéke in the 3. melléklet to 78/2022. (XII. 28.) BM rendelet az ellenőrzött anyagokról, and it is not named in any of the five structural descriptions at points 1 to 5 of that 3. melléklet either. Those five points and the numbered table at point 6 are the whole of the listing content of that melléklet: point 7 is a reading rule and not a further group, «A jegyzékbe sorolás szempontjából a 6.1. pontban foglalt táblázat A és B oszlopában található adatok irányadóak, a C és D oszlop adatai a vegyületek számítógépes kereshetőségét biztosítják.». The forms searched were kannabinol, cannabinol, CBN, in Hungarian orthography, with the accents stripped, and again over the text with every whitespace character removed so that a name broken across a line or a table cell could not read as an absence. The stem returns six places and every one of them is a longer name that contains it: «Tetrahydrocannabinol, the following isomers and their stereochemical variants (a következő tetrahidro-kannabinol izomerek és szterokémiai variánsaik) [THC]» at row 112 of the P1 jegyzék, «Dronabinol2 (delta-9-tetrahidrokannabinol [delta-9-THC] és sztereokémiai varánsai)» at row 23 of the P2 jegyzék, and four hexahydrocannabinol rows of the 3. melléklet. None of them is the fully aromatic parent compound asked for. The six isomers printed at P1 row 112 are delta-6a(10a), delta-6a(7), delta-7, delta-8, delta-10 and delta-9(11), and this molecule is not among them. This is silence and not an express exclusion: the decree says nothing about the substance at all. Hungary carries the list outside the Act: the Criminal Code names no substance and the delegated rendelet carries the jegyzékek, which is the outward reference model and the second of the three. Section 459(1a) of the Criminal Code, 2012. évi C. törvény, inserted by section 26 of 2025. évi XIX. törvény, reads «E törvény alkalmazásában kábítószer a 78/2022. (XII. 28.) BM rendelet 1. mellékletében a kábítószerek 1. vagy 2. jegyzékén szereplő anyag, 2. mellékletében a pszichotróp anyagok 1. vagy 2. jegyzékén szereplő anyag, valamint 3. mellékletében meghatározott anyag.», so the K1 and K2 jegyzékek of the 1. melléklet, the P1 and P2 jegyzékek of the 2. melléklet and the whole of the 3. melléklet are inside the Criminal Code definition and the P3 and P4 jegyzékek are not. The P3 and P4 jegyzékek remain controlled schedules of the rendelet, and an entry there alone does not place a substance in the ordinary section 176 trafficking lane. An absence is a statement about a list at a moment. This one is stated as those lists stand after the amendment made by 1/2026. (VI. 19.) EÜM rendelet, in the consolidated text as in force on 29 June 2026, which is the last amendment reflected in the text that was read, and no later.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Hungary has no death penalty. It does have life imprisonment for a drug offence, and that is the ceiling here. None of the drug penalties below reaches Cannabinol through the jegyzékek, because they attach to the substances those jegyzékek name and this substance is not among them. Criminal Code section 176(1) makes offering, handing over, putting into circulation or trading in a drug a bűntett punishable by two to eight years, «Aki kábítószert kínál, átad, forgalomba hoz, vagy azzal kereskedik, bűntett miatt két évtől nyolc évig terjedő szabadságvesztéssel büntetendő.». Section 176(3) raises that to five years to twenty years or life imprisonment where the offence is committed in respect of a significant quantity, «A büntetés öt évtől húsz évig terjedő vagy életfogytig tartó szabadságvesztés, ha a bűncselekményt jelentős mennyiségű kábítószerre követik el.». The live Hungary cell recorded the life ceiling under section 176(3) and this pass re-derived the same provision from the Act and adds the five to twenty year band printed beside it. Section 178(6) makes consuming a drug, and acquiring, holding or ordering for import a small quantity for consumption, a vétség punishable by up to two years, «Aki kábítószert fogyaszt, illetve csekély mennyiségű kábítószert fogyasztás céljából megszerez, tart vagy az ország területére történő behozatal céljából megrendel, ha súlyosabb bűncselekmény nem valósul meg, vétség miatt két évig terjedő szabadságvesztéssel büntetendő.». Section 180(1) is a conditional non punishment route and not a numerical decriminalisation rule: it requires the offender to admit the offence, «a bűncselekmény elkövetését beismeri,», to prove by document before the first instance decision at least six months of continuous treatment for dependence, other care for drug use or a preventive and informative service, «az elsőfokú ügydöntő határozat meghozataláig okirattal igazolja, hogy legalább hat hónapig folyamatos, kábítószer-függőséget gyógyító kezelésben, kábítószer-használatot kezelő más ellátásban részesült, vagy megelőző-felvilágosító szolgáltatáson vett részt, és», and to disclose the circumstances and enable the seller to be identified before the indictment, «a vádemelésig az elkövetés körülményeit feltárja, illetve lehetővé teszi a kábítószert értékesítő személy kilétének a megállapítását.». The live Hungary cell recorded those three conditions and this pass re-derived them from the Act. Section 180(2) closes that route where within the preceding two years the proceedings were suspended on that ground or the offender was held liable for drug trafficking or drug possession, and section 180(2a) closes it where the offender has already taken it twice, «Az (1) bekezdés nem alkalmazható akkor sem, ha az elkövető az (1) bekezdés b) pontja szerinti lehetőséget már két alkalommal igénybe vette.». Section 461 supplies the quantity definitions that grade the offence, so a quantity figure in Hungary selects the band rather than creating a lawful allowance. No section 461 quantity value is stated for this row, because section 461 grades a quantity of kábítószer as section 459(1a) defines it, and this substance is not one of the entries that definition reaches. No fine figure attaches to any of those provisions in the text read: the Criminal Code states them as custodial bands and the rendelet states no penalty of its own. Those are Criminal Code provisions rather than rendelet provisions, and this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Hungary's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.

Cambodia

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Cambodia's authorities (Law on the Control of Drugs) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Cambodian source (Law on the Control of Drugs 1996, as amended), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Cambodia ABOLISHED the death penalty in 1989 (constitutional), there is NO death penalty for any drug offence; the maximum is LIFE imprisonment. ENFORCEMENT: a 2017 anti-drug campaign sharply increased arrests and post-2019 tourist-area enforcement tightened, foreigners are routinely jailed, and the old 'smokers' paradise' reputation is OUTDATED.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Cambodia ABOLISHED the death penalty in 1989 (constitutional); the maximum penalty for any drug offence is LIFE imprisonment. There is no medical, recreational, or industrial cannabis provision. Enforcement tightened sharply after a 2017 anti-drug campaign and post-2019 in tourist areas, foreigners are routinely jailed and the old 'smokers' paradise' reputation is OUTDATED. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law on the Control of Drugs (1996, amended 2005, 2011/2012), Arts 40/45 · UNODC and Amnesty International (corroborative) · cdc.gov.kh · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Sri Lanka

Legal status: Dangerous drug under Sri Lanka's Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Chapter 218): Group B Section 2 item 1, 「Cannabinol and cannabinol derivatives (CBN) 6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol」. Cannabinol is the first entry in Section 2 and the entry covers 「cannabinol derivatives」 as well as cannabinol itself, which is a generic limb built into the entry. The model: the list is inside the Ordinance and the power to change it is delegated, with a parliamentary lock on the delegation. Section 48 provides that 「the drugs, substances, articles or preparations, specified for the time being in Groups A, B, C, D and E in Part I of the Third Schedule, shall be deemed to be dangerous drugs」. Section 2(1) then provides that 「regulation」 means a regulation made under this Ordinance and published in the Gazette, 「and includes the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Schedules」, so the Third Schedule is itself a regulation. The empowering section is section 80. Section 80(2)(b) lets the Minister make regulations 「for adding any item to or deleting any item from, or altering, varying or amending in any other way, any of the lists or Groups of poisons and dangerous drugs set out in the First and Third Schedules」, and section 80(3) then provides that 「No regulation so made shall have effect unless it has been approved by Parliament and notification of such approval has been published in the Gazette」. So the delegation is real but it is locked to an affirmative vote, and in practice the 2022 changes were made by primary legislation rather than by regulation. The Act was last amended by the Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act, No. 7 of 2026, certified 6 March 2026. The Third Schedule was last amended by section 6 of the Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act, No. 41 of 2022, certified 23 November 2022 and published as a supplement to Part II of the Gazette of 25 November 2022, which substituted Group B of Part I and the whole of Part III. Act No. 7 of 2026 does not touch the Third Schedule.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Section 54A(1) has four limbs and they do not carry the same exposure. Limb (a) punishes any person who 「manufactures any of the following dangerous drugs, namely heroin or cocaine or morphine or opium」 with 「a sentence of death or life imprisonment」, with no quantity stated. Limbs (b), (c) and (d) punish trafficking, importing or exporting, and possession, of 「any dangerous drug set out in Column II of Part III of the Third Schedule in excess of the amount set out in the said Column II」, with the penalty in Column III. Part III Column II is headed 「Pure Quantities」, and Column I is headed 「Traffics, possess, imports or exports」, so possession is inside the same ladder as trafficking. Section 54B extends the same punishment to abetting, attempting and acts preparatory to or in furtherance of a section 54A offence. Since Act No. 7 of 2026 a parallel section 54AA applies the same two structures on the high seas, aboard a ship registered in Sri Lanka or a stateless ship. For a dangerous drug that is not in Part III, section 54A never engages, because limbs (b), (c) and (d) operate only on a drug 「set out in Column II of Part III」. The charge is the general penalty in section 78(5): on summary conviction by a Magistrate a fine of one thousand to ten thousand rupees or up to five years or both, and on conviction before the High Court a fine of ten thousand to twenty five thousand rupees or six months to seven years or both. Section 78(6) requires the written consent of the Attorney-General before non-summary proceedings. Tetrahydrocannabinol is a separate entry at item 33 with its own list of six named isomers, and dronabinol is separate again at item 46, so the cannabinoids are enumerated rather than gathered under one heading. Neither reaches this substance, at any quantity, and the reason is structural rather than a matter of degree. The death and life penalties in this Ordinance live in exactly two places. Section 54A(1)(a) attaches them to the manufacture of 「heroin or cocaine or morphine or opium」 and names no other drug. Limbs (b), (c) and (d) attach the Column III penalties to 「any dangerous drug set out in Column II of Part III of the Third Schedule」, and Column II names only opium, 「Morphine, Cocaine, Heroin and Methamphetamine」, and cannabis. This substance is in none of those, so section 54A cannot engage however much of it is involved, and section 54AA cannot either, because it is built on the same two structures. Being a dangerous drug under section 48 is not the same thing as being in Part III, and the corpus this cell replaces repeatedly ran the two together.

Morocco

Legal status: Not confirmed. This substance is in no entry of tableaux A, B or C annexed to the dahir of 2 December 1922 as annexed in 1922, read complete from the page image on 22 September 2026, and in no entry of tableaux I to IV of the 1971 Convention as printed at Bulletin officiel 3590 on 19 August 1981, thirty two entries read complete from the page image. That pair of absences does not make it lawful. Article 1 of the 1922 dahir provides that substances are inscribed in tableaux A, B and C by arrêté, and the operative arrêté was not read, so the list that would decide this row was not in front of the author. Cannabinol is not A tetrahydrocannabinol and the isomer clause does not reach it. Entry 10 of tableau I covers tetrahydrocannabinols and all their isomers. Cannabinol is the fully aromatised oxidation product of THC; it has a different molecular formula and is not an isomer of the compound the chemical column describes. The word cannabinol appears nowhere in any of the four instruments, including inside the plural tétrahydrocannabinols, which was checked directly rather than assumed.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. No article of dahir portant loi 1-73-282 of 21 May 1974 provides death or life imprisonment. The ceiling in that dahir is article 2, five to ten years. Conduct distinction. Article 2 of dahir portant loi 1-73-282 of 21 May 1974 punishes whoever imports, produces, manufactures, transports, exports or unlawfully holds « les substances ou plantes classées comme stupéfiants » with five to ten years and a fine of 5.000 to 500.000 dirhams. Article 8 punishes unlawful use of one of those substances or plants with two months to one year and a fine of 500 to 5.000 dirhams, or one of those two penalties only, and suspends prosecution where the person consents to a cure de désintoxication after medical examination on the requisition of the procureur du Roi. Both articles operate only once classification as a narcotic is established, and for this row it is not: the substance is in no printed entry that was read, and the arrêté that populates tableau B was not among the instruments held. So no penalty range can be attached to this substance with confidence, and the ranges above are stated to show the ceiling that would apply if it were classified, not to assert that it is. Article 13 lets the sentencing court ban a foreign national from the territory for five to ten years, without prejudice to administrative expulsion. Article 11 requires confiscation of substances seized in the cases the dahir covers.
If prescribed / medical: The country level rule is the 1922 dahir's: substances intended for human or veterinary medicine are inscribed in section II of tableaux A, B and C by arrêté of the health administration, and each tableau carries its own dispensing chapter, with tableau B the strictest. A prescribing rule is not a criminal schedule and neither settles the other. No domestic schedule placing this substance was read for this cell, so no prescribing rule is stated for it. Carry a certified prescription and a doctor's letter for any medicine you bring in, and declare it.

Qatar

Legal status: Cannabinol is not named in Table 1, Table 2 or Table 4 of Law No. 9 of 1987, and it is on none of the three Ministry of Public Health controlled lists. Table 1-B item 13 names tetrahydrocannabinol and lists its isomers. Cannabinol is a different molecule, fully aromatic in the third ring, and the Ministry list names dronabinol, which is the delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol isomer, rather than cannabinol. Qatar's tables are closed and named. They carry no general analogue clause and no blanket new-psychoactive-substance clause, so a compound that is not named and not caught by a described limb is outside them. The two described limbs that do exist are the salts, esters, ethers and isomers limbs inside each table and the chemically synthesised cannabinoid preparations item added to section a of Table 1 in 2024, and neither reaches this row. Article 1 of Law No. 9 of 1987 provides «تعتبر مواد مخدرة أو مؤثرات عقلية خطرة في تطبيق أحكام هذا القانون المواد والمؤثرات العقلية المبينة في الجدولين رقمي (1) و(2) الملحقين به. ويستثنى منها المستحضرات المبينة بالجدول رقم (3).», making the narcotic drugs and dangerous psychotropic substances for this Law those set out in attached Tables 1 and 2, and excepting from them the preparations set out in Table 3. The power to move a substance in or out is article 33, «يجوز بقرار من وزير الصحة العامة تعديل الجداول الملحقة بهذا القانون بالحذف أو الإضافة أو تغيير النسب الواردة فيها.», which lets the Minister of Public Health amend the attached tables by deletion, addition or change of the stated percentages. This reading is stated as at the annex as published in the Official Gazette and as it stands after Ministerial Decisions 22 of 2015, 6 of 2024, 2 of 2025 and 8 of 2026, the last of which took effect on 2 February 2026, read at the publisher on 22 September 2026. Those five documents are not a complete statement of the tables, and this cell says so rather than implying otherwise: the Ministry of Public Health prints on its own list of controlled narcotic and dangerous psychoactive substances a further block of entries, among them carfentanil, hydromorphone, oripavine and a long run of designer cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids, that appears in neither the Gazette annex nor any of the four located decisions, and the instruments that placed them were not found. So this reading is measured against those five documents and the three Ministry lists together, and not against a certified consolidation, because the portals publish none.
Consequences if caught: The figures below are Qatar's published drug penalties. Article 34 opens «يعاقب بالإعدام أو الحبس المؤبد وبغرامة لا تزيد على خمسمائة ألف ريال ولا تقل عن ثلاثمائة ألف ريال», punishment by death or life imprisonment, and the word or is what leaves death discretionary at the base tier. The same article then provides «وتكون العقوبة الإعدام وبغرامة لا تزيد على خمسمائة ألف ريال ولا تقل عن ثلاثمائة ألف ريال في حالة العود.», making death the punishment on recidivism, and extends that same result to an offender who is a public official charged with drug control and to one who involves a person under eighteen, an ascendant, a descendant, a spouse or a person in his charge. Article 35 opens «يُعاقب بالحبس مدة لا تزيد على عشرين سنة ولا تقل عن عشر سنوات وبغرامة لا تزيد على أربعمائة ألف ريال ولا تقل عن مائتي ألف ريال», ten to twenty years for possession, acquisition, purchase, sale, delivery, receipt, transport, cession, exchange, dispensing or brokering with intent to traffic, for supplying for consumption for consideration and for keeping a place for consumption for consideration. Article 35 then provides «وتكون العقوبة الحبس المؤبد وبغرامة لا تزيد على أربعمائة ألف ريال ولا تقل عن مائتي ألف ريال في حالة العود.», life imprisonment on recidivism, and attaches life to its stated aggravations as well. Article 37 sets six months to three years for personal use, possession for use or consumption, lets the court order treatment instead for a proved addict for not less than three months and not more than a year, and article 38 bars prosecution altogether for a user who presents for treatment of his own accord. No quantity threshold appears anywhere in articles 34, 35, 37 or 41. Weight does not select the tier and a foreign threshold table has no work to do here. The fines are stated in the same articles and are separate from the custodial terms: article 34 adds a fine of not more than five hundred thousand riyals and not less than three hundred thousand, article 35 not more than four hundred thousand and not less than two hundred thousand, its no-consideration limb and article 41 not more than two hundred thousand and not less than one hundred thousand, and article 37 not more than twenty thousand and not less than ten thousand. This row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Qatar's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.

Kuwait

Legal status: Not a controlled narcotic or psychotropic substance in Kuwait. Cannabinol is in no table of Group 1 or Group 2 as cannabinol of Decree Law 159 of 2025, as those schedules stand after Ministry of Health Decision 165 of 2026. The string appears only inside tetrahydrocannabinol at Group 2, table 1, serial P1-13.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Conduct distinction. Articles 48 and 49 of Decree Law 159 of 2025 punish possession and personal use of a scheduled substance, up to ten years and up to five years respectively. Cannabinol is in no table of Group 1 or Group 2 as cannabinol, so neither article reaches it as a scheduled substance. The string appears only inside tetrahydrocannabinol at Group 2, table 1, serial P1-13. None. Articles 42 and 43 of Decree Law 159 of 2025, which carry death or life imprisonment, bite only on المواد أو المستحضرات المخدرة أو المؤثرة عقلياً, narcotic or psychotropic substances and preparations, which article 1 defines by reference to the annexed schedules. Cannabinol is in no table of Group 1 or Group 2 as cannabinol, so there is no scheduled substance for those articles to attach to. Articles 44 and 45, which make death mandatory, operate only on article 42 and 43 offences and so cannot attach either. That is the reason exposure is absent, not merely the fact of it. No quantity threshold arises, because no capital article is engaged.
If prescribed / medical: Cannabinol is not on a criminal schedule of this decree law, so the prescribing chapter of Decree Law 159 of 2025 does not govern it. A separate Ministry of Health prescribing or registration rule may still apply, and a prescribing rule is not a criminal schedule. Carry a certified prescription and a medical report for any medicine you bring in.
Documentation: The governing instrument is Decree Law 159 of 2025 on combating narcotics and psychotropic substances and regulating their use and trade, eighty four articles in thirteen chapters, gazetted in Kuwait Al-Youm on 1 December 2025 and in force from 15 December 2025. Article 83 repealed Law 74 of 1983 and Decree Law 48 of 1987 and merged them. The schedules do not sit in the law. Article 40 reads يجوز بقرار من الوزير تعديل الجداول أو المجموعات المرفقة بهذا المرسوم بقانون، بالحذف، أو بالإضافة, so the Minister of Health amends them by decision. The last such amendment read for this cell is Decision 165 of 2026, made on 24 May 2026 and gazetted in Kuwait Al-Youm issue 1793 on 31 May 2026, whose article five annexes the complete updated schedules. The schedules are arranged as Group 1, narcotic substances, tables 1 to 6, Group 2, psychotropic substances, tables 1 to 4, Group 3, chemical precursors, and a Group 4 list of the substances article 52 names. Group 3 was not reprinted in the annex and was not read for this cell. Foreign nationals are liable to deportation after sentence. Kuwait retains and imposes the death penalty for drug trafficking. Placement for Cannabinol: in no table of Group 1 or Group 2 as cannabinol. The string appears only inside tetrahydrocannabinol at Group 2, table 1, serial P1-13. The absence was tested five ways before it was accepted: the international name, optical character recognition variants of it, the Arabic form, the chemical name, and independently by enumerating every Latin word in the schedules that begins with the same letter and reading that list. A measured zero from a scanned table is not a finding until it has been interrogated. A name that resembles the substance is not the substance. The nearest thing in these schedules to Cannabinol is tetrahydrocannabinol at serial P1-13, and it is a different substance; this cell does not rest on it.

Peru

Legal status: Not confirmed. This substance is not carried by Peru's controlling schedule under any name the search reached. Anexo N. 2 of the Reglamento approved by Decreto Supremo 023-2001-SA runs to 244 numbered entries across Listas I A, I B, II A, II B, III A, III B, III C, IV A, IV B, V and VI, and none of them is this substance. The search was run over Anexo N. 2 under cannabinol, canabinol and CBN. Matching was anchored at the start of the entry name rather than run as a free substring, which is what separates this entry from Tetrahidrocannabinoles, isomeros y variantes estereoquimicas. The only thing the search reached was Tetrahidrocannabinoles, isomeros y variantes estereoquimicas at Lista II A item 13, and it was reached as a substring rather than as an entry. Cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, so that entry does not carry it. The reading was taken from the DIGEMID Catalogo de Sustancias Controladas marked NOVIEMBRE_2024_V1 and cross read against the DIGEMID publication of the same Anexo dated 2021, which is a text only file carrying no images at all. The two publications agree on every list, on the entry at every item number and on the count, and the numbering runs continuously from 1 with no gap in any of the eleven lists, so the absence is taken from a listing read to its end rather than from a truncated one. Matching was anchored at the start of the entry name and every anchored hit was read in full before it was allowed to become a placement. The convention limb, under article 2 of the Reglamento and article 14.1 of Decreto Legislativo 1241, was run again in this run and does not reach it: the substance is named in neither the 1971 Convention schedules, read in the INCB Green List 36th edition of 2025, nor the 1961 Convention schedules, read in the INCB Yellow List 65th edition of July 2026, both searched with line breaks and hyphens collapsed so that a name split across two lines is still found. The near miss read and rejected in those lists was the string "CANNABINOL", which is the second half of a line wrapped "TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL" at 1971 Schedule I code PT 002. The listing read is Anexo N. 2 of the Reglamento approved by Decreto Supremo 023-2001-SA, in the Catalogo de Sustancias Controladas published by the Direccion General de Medicamentos, Insumos y Drogas and marked NOVIEMBRE_2024_V1, which is the version this row was settled against as at 21 September 2026. Article 86 of Decreto Ley 22095 and the closing provisions of that Decreto Ley let the annexed lists be altered by Resolucion Suprema, so reading that version does not rule out a later list. Article 2 of the Reglamento states three limbs: it comprises the substances in the Listas of Decreto Ley 22095, the connected lists of the international conventions incorporated into domestic law, and the substances that may be included under article 86 of that Decreto Ley and article 61 of the Ley General de Salud, and it then says that los listados correspondientes aparecen en el Anexo N. 2. The rule applied across this country set follows those words: where Anexo N. 2 carries an entry its band governs and supersedes the older one, and where Anexo N. 2 is silent the Decreto Ley 22095 annex and the incorporated convention lists can still bring a substance within article 2, so silence in the published catalogue is a gap in it rather than a de-control. Because Anexo N. 2 does not reach this substance and no other Peruvian instrument read in the 21 September 2026 pass places it, the row is unresolved rather than permitted. Absence from the sanitary schedule is not a statement that the substance may be carried or used, and the position under customs, medicines registration and consumer law was not examined here. This run, on 3 October 2026, searched an instrument the previous pass did not reach. Article 14.3 of Decreto Legislativo 1241, as replaced by article 2 of Decreto Legislativo 1592 published on 14 December 2023, provides that "La lista de Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas se aprueba mediante Resolución Ministerial del Ministerio del Interior" and that "Las actividades ilegales relacionadas con las citadas sustancias, se encuentran sancionadas". Resolucion Ministerial 0804-2026-IN of 17 June 2026, published in El Peruano on 18 June 2026, approves the "Lista de Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas (NSP)" as its annex, which runs to 736 numbered items followed by three named groups: alkyl nitrites, the genera of hallucinogenic mushrooms, and three plant species. Section I of the annex provides that the list "incluye sus análogos, sales, isómeros, ésteres, éteres, precursores, mezclas entre ellas o con otro tipo de sustancias, incluyendo los compuestos derivados", and it calls its detailed list its own Anexo 2; that is not Anexo N. 2 of the Reglamento, which is what Anexo N. 2 means everywhere in this cell. Its 736 numbered items and its closing groups were searched in Spanish, against the page images where the extracted text was doubtful, under cannabinol, canabinol and CBN, and none of them is this substance. The annex prints "THC" at item 708 as tetrahidrocannabinol and delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol, which is a different substance. The annex also defines a nueva sustancia psicoactiva as any substance that produces a psychoactive effect by stimulating or depressing the central nervous system; that definition names no substance, and applying it to place this row would be an inference rather than a placement, so it is not applied. Both the Anexo N. 2 catalogue and the list of nuevas sustancias psicoactivas are read as at 3 October 2026, and article 14.3 of Decreto Legislativo 1241 lets the latter be updated by the same procedure that approved it, so this reading does not rule out a later list.

Chile

Legal status: Not confirmed. Not named in the listas read. Read the street block before treating that as permission.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Chile abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes by Ley 19.734 of 2001 [Likely, carried from a secondary source], and the escala general de penas in artículo 21 of the Código Penal, re-derived in this pass from the consolidated text of 20 November 2018, opens at presidio perpetuo calificado and names no death penalty [Certain]. No provision of Ley 20.000 carries a death penalty [Certain]. Ley 20.000 splits substances in two. Artículo 1 inciso primero reaches those capable of grave toxic effects or considerable harm to health, and inciso segundo reaches other drugs of the same kind that do not produce those effects. Decreto 867 puts the first group in its artículo 1 and the second in its artículo 2, so which artículo an entry sits in is what fixes the penalty range [Certain]. Placement: unresolved. Cannabinol as such is named in neither lista. The only match for the string cannabinol was inside "Tetrahidrocannabinol" in artículo 1 and inside "Dronabinol y sus variantes estereoquímicas" in artículo 2, and both are different compounds [Certain]. Artículo 1 extends to the isomers, esters and ethers of its substances; cannabinol is the fully aromatised oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol rather than an isomer of it, so the extension clause does not plainly reach it [Likely]. This reads Decreto 867 as at 21 September 2026, its listas last amended by Decreto 220 de 2022 published on 13 September 2022, and that does not rule out a later decreto; one is in fact mandated by the artículo transitorio of Ley 21.817 and due by 23 November 2026. Read the penalties that follow as Chile's published penalties for drug offences. They are the country's penalties and not this row's exposure, because whether any offence provision reaches this substance is exactly what was not established. Artículo 1 inciso primero of Ley 20.000 sets presidio mayor en sus grados mínimo a medio, five years and one day to fifteen years, with a fine of forty to four hundred unidades tributarias mensuales, for unauthorised elaboration, manufacture, transformation, preparation or extraction. Artículo 3 applies the same penalties to trafficking, and its second inciso treats importing, exporting, transporting, acquiring, transferring, abstracting, possessing, supplying, keeping or carrying as trafficking [Certain]. Artículo 1 inciso segundo allows the penalty to be reduced by up to one degree for substances in this group, which takes the floor to presidio menor en su grado máximo, three years and one day to five years. The reduction is discretionary on the wording podrá rebajarse, so the inciso primero band stays available to the court [Certain]. Artículo 4 punishes possessing, transporting, keeping or carrying small quantities with presidio menor en sus grados medio a máximo, five hundred and forty one days to five years, and a fine of ten to forty unidades tributarias mensuales, unless the holder justifies a medical treatment or exclusive personal use proximate in time [Certain]. Artículo 19 raises the penalty by one degree where any of its twelve listed aggravations applies, and permits two degrees where two or more concur. One degree above the artículo 1 band is presidio mayor en sus grados medio a máximo, ten years and one day to twenty years [Certain]. The two degree ceiling turns on Código Penal degree arithmetic that I did not settle in this pass, so it is not established here. Artículo 50 makes consuming in a public place, and holding or carrying in such a place for exclusive personal use proximate in time, a falta punished by a fine of one to ten unidades tributarias mensuales, attendance at a prevention programme for up to sixty days or treatment for up to one hundred and eighty days, or community work of up to thirty hours, with an accessory driving licence suspension of up to six months. The same penalties reach consumption in a private place where those present agreed beforehand to consume [Certain]. Artículo 50 refers to the drugs mentioned in artículo 1 of the law, which covers both incisos and so both listas [Certain]. A falta is not a prison sentence, but it can become one and this cell previously said it could not. Artículo 52 provides that where the fine under artículo 50 letter a) is not paid, the court may substitute the prevention, treatment or community service penalty, that any such substitution requires the agreement of the convicted person, and that in the absence of that agreement the court shall impose reclusion by way of substitution and enforcement of the fine, at one day for each third of a unidad tributaria mensual, never exceeding six months [Certain]. The same reclusion follows revocation where an imposed treatment or prevention penalty is not complied with [Certain]. Because the artículo 50 fine runs from one to ten unidades tributarias mensuales, one day per third of a unidad puts the ceiling reachable from that fine at thirty days, and the six month figure is the statutory cap rather than an outcome this route can reach [Certain]. Artículo 52 also lets the court waive the fine or set it below the legal minimum in duly qualified cases [Certain]. Artículo 51 requires the pecuniary sanction to be applied at its maximum where the falta is committed in a place of detention, a military or police precinct by an outsider, or in an educational or health establishment by someone who works there [Certain]. Decreto 867 states no numerical quantity for any substance and artículo 4 works from the open phrase pequeñas cantidades, so the line between artículo 4 and artículo 3 is judicial and not arithmetic [Certain]. The artículo transitorio of Ley 21.817 orders the Ministerio de Seguridad Pública to amend Decreto 867 within six months of publication, so by 23 November 2026, to add a new classification for substances harmful even in low quantities. The consolidated Decreto 867 read in this pass carries no list framed on quantity, so that classification is still pending [Certain].

New Zealand

Legal status: Not a controlled drug on the text cited, and the absence was tested rather than assumed. Cannabinol, a cannabinoid formed as tetrahydrocannabinol degrades, has no exact entry in Schedules 1 to 3 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, and the closed schedules were read together with the open section 2 analogue limb, whose definition excludes substances that are approved medicines or that lack substantial structural similarity to a controlled drug. That is why this is recorded as a positive closed-list absence and not as an unresolved question. Cannabis has its own row in this table and splits across Schedules 2 and 3, so a cannabis preparation is controlled even where this dossier does not establish control of this isolated cannabinoid. One route stays open: sale of an unapproved psychoactive product can engage the Psychoactive Substances Act 2013 even where no controlled drug classification attaches. The consolidation read was the one current at 20 September 2026, with the Order of 2025 commenced on 27 November 2025 as the latest instrument actually in force.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. New Zealand has no death penalty. No Misuse of Drugs Act ceiling attaches to cannabinol either, because it is not established as a controlled drug on the cited text, so neither the section 6 dealing maximum nor the section 7 possession maximum has anything to fasten on. The exposure that does exist sits in the Psychoactive Substances Act 2013, on the route for unlawful sale of an unapproved psychoactive product, whose penalties are statutory and non-capital. That route reaches supply rather than a person carrying the substance. This cannabinoid arises by degradation inside cannabis material rather than by separate manufacture, and that material has its own row in this table with its own class and figures, so it engages that row as well as this one. Whether degraded plant material is answered by that row or by this one is not settled by either of them, nor by the source read here.
If prescribed / medical: Not established for a traveller. This dossier carries no country-level rule for entering New Zealand with a prescribed medicine: it records that medicines status has to be checked alongside the analogue exclusions and the Psychoactive Substances Act 2013 route, and that a court-grade conclusion can turn on the medicine exclusions, but it states no declaration requirement, no permit, no quantity allowance and no carry limit at the border, and none was researched for this cell. What is established is the placement a traveller would be read against: cannabinol is not established as a controlled drug on the text cited, so the Misuse of Drugs Act placement is a negative one and neither section 6 nor section 7 attaches to it. Anyone carrying a product derived from cannabis material should read the cannabis row of this table alongside this one, because the two rows record different findings and nothing in the source read here says which of them answers such a product. Do not read that placement as a ruling on a lawfully prescribed and lawfully carried supply, which is a different question this cell does not answer. Settle the border question with the Ministry of Health, whose classification order implementation page this dossier cites, and with the New Zealand border authority, before travelling.

South Africa

Legal status: Not confirmed. This substance is not printed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2 of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 140 of 1992, and whether the open homologue limb reaches it is not settled here.
Consequences if caught: Part III prints "Tetrahydrocannabinol." and Part II prints "Dronabinol [(-)-transdelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol]." This substance is neither. It is the fully aromatised cannabinoid, which is not a tetrahydrocannabinol at all, so the unqualified printed class name does not cover it and it is not an isomer of the compound that name covers. Part III does print two further cannabinoids by name, nabilone and parahexyl, which shows the schedule adding cannabinoids individually when it means to reach them. The limb in question is Part III paragraph 2 (e), which reads "(e) all homologues of the listed substances (being any chemically related substances that incorporate a structural fragment into their structures that is similar to the structure of a listed substance or exhibit pharmacodynamic properties similar to the listed substances in this Part of the Schedule), unless listed separately in any Part of Schedule 2." The equivalent limb in Part I is paragraph 2 (c) and is worded identically for that Part. If the limb does reach this substance the consequences are the ordinary ones for the Part the listed relative sits in: section 4 (b) with section 17 (d) at up to 15 years for use or possession, and section 5 (b) with section 17 (e) at up to 25 years for dealing. If it does not, the Act does not reach the substance at all. This cell does not choose between those two outcomes. The two routes that could close this question are not available from what this cell holds. The Act supplies no test for deciding a homologue case, and the Medicines and Related Substances Control Act 101 of 1965 schedules, which are the other place a South African answer could come from, are not held in this repository and were not read for this cell. Capital exposure: none, and life exposure: none. Section 17 sets out the whole penalty scale of this Act and its highest figure is 25 years for dealing; no provision of the Act carries a death sentence or a sentence of life imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route can be stated for this substance, because the instrument that would answer that question is the Medicines and Related Substances Control Act 101 of 1965 and its consolidated schedules, which are not held in this repository. The Drugs Act's own exceptions in section 4, paragraphs (i) to (vi), run through a practitioner and through that Act, so they cannot be applied to this substance without it.
Documentation: Search record. The terms searched were cannabinol, CBN, cannabinoid, nabilone and parahexyl. The substance name returns three occurrences in the Act and all three are inside the longer word tetrahydrocannabinol, which is a different substance. That is the measurement this row rests on and it is the kind of false positive a bare substring search produces. The text read for this cell is the Juta consolidation of the Act downloaded on 29 May 2025, taken from the Department of Justice copy at justice.gov.za whose sha256 begins bc1216a3. It carries the substitution of Schedules 1 and 2 by section 2 of Act 14 of 2022 with effect from 14 December 2022, and it marks section 7 of the Cannabis for Private Purposes Act 7 of 2024, the provision that would amend Schedule 2 again, as not yet put into operation by proclamation. The schedules are stated as at that consolidation and this does not rule out a later amendment made or commenced since.

Kenya

Legal status: Not a controlled drug under Cap. 245 on the text read: it is not named in the First Schedule of narcotic drugs, the Second Schedule of psychotropic substances, the Third Schedule of prohibited plants or the Fourth Schedule of precursor chemicals, as at 31 December 2022. The nearest entry read and rejected is "tetrahydrocannabinol," in the Second Schedule, which names a different substance.
Consequences if caught: The nearest entry read and rejected is "tetrahydrocannabinol,", printed in the Second Schedule list of psychotropic substances. Cannabinol is a different compound from the one that headword names. The seven chemical designations the schedule prints under it are all tetrahydro forms carrying a 3-pentyl side chain, and cannabinol is the fully aromatic compound, so it is not one of the isomers or stereo-chemical variants listed. This is stated as at the Kenya Law revised edition of Cap. 245, being the text as at 31 December 2022 as revised by the 24th Annual Supplement (Legal Notice 221 of 2023), read on 22 September 2026, which the publisher marks as the latest version of the Act. Section 3(2)(b) sets imprisonment of not less than 5 years for possession of a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance other than cannabis, and section 4, which reaches trafficking and possession alike, sets a term of 30 years on its lower band and of 50 years on its upper one. The quantity bands are possession of less than 1 gram under section 3(2)(b), between 1 and 100 grams under section 4(a)(i), and more than 100 grams under section 4(a)(ii). The fines are not less than 5,000,000 shillings under section 3(2)(b), not less than 30,000,000 shillings under section 4(a)(i), and not less than 50,000,000 shillings or three times the market value, whichever is greater, under section 4(a)(ii), each expressed as an alternative to imprisonment or in addition to it. Cap. 245 carries no death penalty, and imprisonment for life appears only at section 4(b)(i), for precursor chemicals and for substances held out to be narcotic or psychotropic, and at section 4B(5), for conspiracy. Those figures are carried across every Kenyan row because Cap. 245 sets them country wide rather than substance by substance, and this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Kenya's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.
If prescribed / medical: Cap. 245 does not reach this substance on the text read, so the section 3(3) exemption for a licence or a prescription is not the provision that governs it. Kenya's medicines, pharmacy and poisons legislation, its customs rules and any import permit requirement sit in other instruments, and none of them was read for this cell, so nothing here settles whether a traveller may bring this substance into Kenya. Carry any prescription you hold and put the question to a Kenyan mission before you travel.
Documentation: This row rests on an absence, so it carries the version of the list it was read against. Cap. 245 is the controlling instrument. It carries four schedules, the First for narcotic drugs, the Second for psychotropic substances, the Third for prohibited plants and the Fourth for precursor chemicals, and none of the four uses entry numbers, so no numbered placement is asserted anywhere in this batch. The text read incorporates the Narcotics, Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) (Amendment) Act, 2022 (No. 4 of 2022), assented on 24 February 2022 and commenced on 21 March 2022, which replaced the whole of section 3(2), replaced section 4 outright, inserted sections 4A and 4B, inserted the word tramadol in the First Schedule, inserted the word ketamine in the Second Schedule and added the Fourth Schedule, and which carries no transitional or savings provision. This is stated as at the Kenya Law revised edition of Cap. 245, being the text as at 31 December 2022 as revised by the 24th Annual Supplement (Legal Notice 221 of 2023), read on 22 September 2026, which the publisher marks as the latest version of the Act. Section 87 lets the Cabinet Secretary by order add a substance or plant to the First, Second or Third Schedule or delete one from it, and no order made after 31 December 2022 was found by the routes tried, which does not rule out a later one. This row turns on a structural reading of a chemical designation rather than on a printed name, and it is labelled as such rather than presented as a name match.

Belgium

Legal status: Cannabinol is not reached by the Belgian controlled drug lists on the text checked here. The search found no entry: cannabinol is not a named entry, and Annex IVA group 4 prints indole, indazole, benzodiazole and pyrrole synthetic cannabinoid cores, none of which is the dibenzopyran core cannabinol has. The dossier states this one plainly: cannabinol is not tetrahydrocannabinol, and the named tetrahydrocannabinol entry is not a spelling based catch all that swallows every cannabinoid whose name resembles it. That makes this a positive absence rather than a silence: the dossier records that before any absence was entered, the search moved through Annexes I to IV, all eight Annex IVA generic families, Annex V, product specific royal decrees, the EU precursor schedules, the AFMPS human and veterinary medicine database and the applicable food, plant, tobacco, alcohol or chemical product route. Belgium works a delegated model: article 2bis §1 of the Law of 24 February 1921 punishes breaches concerning substances whose list is settled by the King, and the Royal Decree of 6 September 2017 supplies that list. The named lists are closed, so pharmacological resemblance, a similar spelling or a substring match cannot enlarge them.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Belgium's drug law carries no death penalty and no life sentence. On this row no controlled drug ladder attaches either. Article 2bis of the Law of 24 February 1921 reaches substances the King has listed, and cannabinol is not on that list, so it supplies no band, no aggravated ceiling and no fine on this row. Separate product, food, tobacco, alcohol, medicines or veterinary penalties sit outside this row unless it states one, and it states none. The reason is the classification itself rather than a lenient penalty: the structural test was applied and failed, which is a finding rather than an oversight. Where a material described by this name in fact contains a listed substance, article 2(14) reaches it as a preparation and the article 2bis ladder then applies to that content.
If prescribed / medical: The rule that applies to a traveller here is Belgium's own and it is one rule for the whole country: article 3(4)(4) of the Royal Decree of 6 September 2017. It is a document exception rather than a schedule, and it is not a prescribing right. It covers a medicine that was lawfully obtained, carried for the traveller's own personal use, and limited to no more than three months of treatment, and it expressly excludes the substances in Annex II limb A. Cannabinol is not in Annexes I to IV at all on this row's finding, so there is nothing here for the exception to except, and a travel question about it is a medicines or product question rather than a controlled drug one. There is no placement here, because the compound is outside the named list and outside the printed generic family. No route specific to cannabinol was found in this dossier and none has been invented for it.
Documentation: Carry the structural point with you. A product sold as cannabinol can still contain controlled tetrahydrocannabinol isomers, and the preparation definition would then reach it through that content rather than through this row. This was read on 18 September 2026 against the annex consolidation and the decree. The annex text read is the non official consolidated version published by the AFMPS; it is informative and the Moniteur belge controls. The annex consolidation relied on here is valid from 29 March 2026, following the amending Royal Decree published on 19 March 2026, and carries a correction dated 16 July 2026.

Sweden

Legal status: Not named in the Swedish narkotikaförteckningar, which are Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika, made under 3 § förordningen (1992:1554) om kontroll av narkotika. The version read for this cell is the consolidated text, which states on its own first page that it contains amendments through HSLF-FS 2026:26. I searched that text for Cannabinol as a word on its own and the bare token CBN. No entry for Cannabinol was found. The string cannabinol occurs in the text read only inside longer compound names. Dronabinol, whose second name is printed as Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is Förteckning II with international P II. Hexahydrocannabinol is Förteckning I. Hydroxitetrahydrocannabinoler, the delta-8 and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinolacetats and the parent Tetrahydrocannabinoler row are all Förteckning I. Cannabinol itself, which is the non intoxicating degradation product and a different compound from any tetrahydrocannabinol, has no row of its own. The föreskrift says of itself that the names of substances, plant material and fungi are not exhaustively given and that other designations may occur, so this is an absence of the names searched for rather than a finding that nothing at all reaches the substance. The live cell for this row said that Sweden has no national list and controls drugs by incorporating the conventions. Sweden does have a national list, it is the föreskrift named here, and this substance was searched for in it and is not there.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Sweden has no death penalty for any offence, so no drug offence here carries capital exposure. The live block for this row was a recital of the statutory definition rather than a statement about this substance, and it opened on the premise corrected above. Every figure in it is carried forward here. 8 § of the Narkotikastrafflag defines narkotika as medicines or goods hazardous to health with dependence forming properties or euphoriant effects, or goods readily convertible into such, which are subject to control under an international agreement Sweden has acceded to, or have been declared narkotika by the government. The second limb is the one that carries the national list: the declaration is made by föreskrift, and the föreskrift is the one quoted in this cell. The entry the live cell read from the cached Green List is «CANNABINOL, with its stereochemical variants». That reading was stated as at the INCB Yellow List 65th edition and the Green List 36th edition of 2025, read on 16 September 2026. An ordinary narkotikabrott carries up to three years. A ringa offence, which is the minor form, carries a fine or up to six months. A grov offence carries two to seven years and a synnerligen grov offence six to ten years. This row is placed outside that regime, so the penalty figures above are recorded as Sweden's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.
If prescribed / medical: Not a listed narcotic in its own right, so no controlled drug prescription rule applies to it under the narcotics law. Carry any prescribed medicine in its original packaging with the prescription.

Norway

Legal status: Controlled in Norway. Cannabinol is named in the narkotikaliste, the list made under section 4 of the Forskrift 14 February 2013 no. 199 on narcotics (narkotikaforskriften) and given effect by legemiddelloven section 22, where it appears as "Tetrahydrocannabinol". Column 2 of its row records P II, which cross refers it to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, schedule II. It is listed with a reference to section 5, so the strictest tier applies: section 5 forbids manufacture, acquisition, sale, import, export, storage, possession and use unless an exemption is granted under section 5 second paragraph.
Consequences if caught: Possession and use are forbidden by legemiddelloven section 24 first paragraph and punished under section 31 by a fine or imprisonment for up to six months, or both. Unlawful manufacture, import, export, acquisition, storage, sending or transfer is a narcotics offence under straffeloven section 231, punished by a fine or imprisonment for up to two years, and negligent commission by up to one year. An aggravated narcotics offence under section 232 carries up to ten years, a very substantial quantity carries from three to fifteen years, and under particularly aggravating circumstances up to twenty one years. The list carries a second row, "Tetrahydrocannabinol - folgende regioisomere", which names the regioisomers expressly, and the cross reference row "delta-8-THC; se tetrahydrocannabinol" points at the same entry. The narkotikaliste read here is the Lovdata consolidation as at 16 September 2026. Its own amendment note ends with forskrift 26 August 2026 no. 1682, in force 1 September 2026, and no instrument after that was read, so this cell does not rule out a later change to the list.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is asserted here. A substance in the section 5 tier may only be handled under an exemption granted under section 5 second paragraph, and no such exemption was read for this cell.
Documentation: Nothing in this cell supports carrying it. The section 5 tier forbids possession outright unless an exemption has been granted, and no exemption was read here.

Norway, forskrift 14. februar 2013 nr. 199 om narkotika (narkotikaforskriften), narkotikalisten and sections 3, 5 and 19 · legemiddelloven (LOV-1992-12-04-132) sections 22, 24 and 31 · straffeloven (LOV-2005-05-20-28) sections 231 and 232 · lovdata.no · Updated September 16, 2026

Denmark

Legal status: Not a placed substance under the Danish euphoriants legislation: it is not named in liste A, B, C, D or E of bekendtgoerelse nr. 405 af 26. marts 2026 om euforiserende stoffer as in force on 29 March 2026, and whether the dibenzopyran group entry reaches it was not established here.
Consequences if caught: Two related compounds are placed and this one is not: Tetrahydrocannabinol at liste B nr. 429 and Hexahydrocannabinol at liste B nr. 219. Liste B nr. 455, the Dibenzopyran-gruppen, reaches a compound derived from the hexahydro dibenzopyranol parent by one of two changes, and the first of them is Tilføjelse af en dobbeltbinding i Ring 1, the addition of a double bond in Ring 1. Cannabinol's corresponding ring is fully aromatic, which is three double bonds and not one, so the group's words do not plainly reach it. That is a structural judgement about the entry's wording and not a quoted placement, and this site will not state a penalty band it cannot source. A preparation made from the cannabis plant at liste B nr. 83 is reached by section 1 whatever its cannabinol content, so an absence here is not a statement about plant material. The offence is not in the bekendtgoerelse. Section 30 says a breach of it is punished under section 3 and sections 3 a to 3 d of lov om euforiserende stoffer, and that where the circumstances in section 191 of straffeloven apply the breach is punished under that provision instead. Section 3(1) of the Act sets the ordinary penalty as a fine. The same sentence sets the custodial ceiling at imprisonment for up to 2 years. In fixing the penalty, including a fine, the court must weigh the harmful effects of the substance and, since 1 July 2025, its dangerousness. Section 191 of straffeloven raises the ceiling to imprisonment for up to 10 years where a person transfers euphoriant substances to a larger number of people, or for significant payment, or under other particularly aggravating circumstances. That ceiling rises again to imprisonment for 16 years where the transfer concerns a significant quantity of a particularly dangerous or harmful substance, or where the transfer of such a substance was otherwise of a particularly dangerous character. Section 191(2) applies the same band to importing, exporting, buying, delivering, receiving, manufacturing, processing or possessing such substances with intent to transfer. Section 3(2) of the Act treats four things as significantly aggravating, and lov nr. 724 af 20. juni 2025 added the last two of them: repeated sales of a particularly harmful or dangerous substance, sale or free transfer for later sale at restaurants including discotheques or at concerts or music festivals or other events mainly attended by children or young people, sale or free transfer for later sale through social media, and sale or free transfer for later sale in shops carrying on retail trade. Section 3 c, in force since 1 July 2025, allows a motor vehicle used in a serious breach to be confiscated, and requires confiscation where the vehicle's owner committed an offence falling under section 191, unless special grounds exceptionally tell against it. Section 3 d lets a court disqualify a person from retail shop work for supplying euphoriant substances from a shop, and impose an area ban whose breach carries imprisonment for up to 2 years. Denmark is widely described as refusing warnings for personal possession, and that description now rests on a repealed sentence. The rule that a warning could in general not be given was section 3(1) third sentence, and lov nr. 667 af 11. juni 2024 repealed it with effect from 1 July 2024. In its place section 3(4) says that a withdrawal of the charge shall be given for possession of euphoriant substances for own use where social circumstances speak for it and the possession is due to a strong dependence on hard euphoriant substances following prolonged and sustained misuse, and it says that this applies in repeat cases as well. These are Denmark's general drug penalties rather than a tariff for this substance, and whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established. Read against bekendtgoerelse nr. 405 af 26. marts 2026 om euforiserende stoffer as in force on 29 March 2026, which repealed bekendtgoerelse nr. 2446 af 12. december 2021 at its section 33(2), and against lov om euforiserende stoffer as consolidated on 9 December 2019 and amended by lov nr. 667 af 11. juni 2024 and lov nr. 724 af 20. juni 2025, all read at retsinformation.dk on 22 September 2026. The minister may add a substance to the lists at any time under sections 1 and 2 of the Act, so a placement and an absence are both statements about the lists as they stood on that date.

Finland

Legal status: Controlled only as a constituent, and not on its own name. Cannabinol is not named in any annex of valtioneuvoston asetus huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista 543/2008, not named in the annex to valtioneuvoston asetus 1130/2014, and not named in annex 1, annex 1 A or annex 2 of the medicines list 230/2025, as those annexes stand after 651/2026, 1119/2025 and 650/2026. What is named, in Liite I under list I of the 1961 Single Convention, is «Kannabis, kannabishartsi sekä kannabisuutteet ja -tinktuurat», so a cannabis extract or tincture containing cannabinol is caught by that entry while isolated cannabinol is not reached by a name of its own. Section 1 of the medicines list decision states in terms «Lääkeaineluettelo ei ole tyhjentävä.», which the live Finland cell also quoted, so absence from annex 1 does not decide the medicine question either.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. No penalty is asserted for this entry as a class, because the classification itself is unresolved. Chapter 50 of the Criminal Code (39/1889) carries the narcotics offences. Section 1 sets a fine or up to two years for a huumausainerikos covering manufacture, cultivation, import, export, transport, sale, supply, distribution and possession. Section 2 sets one to ten years for a törkeä huumausainerikos where the object is a very dangerous narcotic or a large quantity, or substantial gain is sought, or the act is part of an organised group, or serious danger to life or health is caused to several people, or the drug is spread to minors. Section 2 a sets a fine or up to six months for a huumausaineen käyttörikos, unlawful use or possession of a small quantity for own use. Section 3 sets a fine or up to two years for preparation and section 4 the same for promotion, while section 4 a sets four months to six years for aggravated promotion. Section 7 allows the charge or the sentence to be waived where the quantity, the circumstances and the use situation make the act minor as a whole, or where the suspect has entered approved treatment. Criminal Code chapter 44 section 5 a carries the separate consumer market offence. It sets a fine or up to one year for manufacturing, importing, storing, keeping for sale or transferring a psychoactive substance banned from the consumer market, contrary to the Narcotics Act. Possession for one's own use and use itself are not among the acts it names. The live Finland cell recorded the same three provisions and asserted no custodial term at all, and every provision it named is carried here: Criminal Code (39/1889) chapter 50, the substantive prohibitions in Narcotics Act 373/2008 section 5 with the lawful exceptions in section 3, and the consumer market conduct offence in Criminal Code chapter 44 section 5 a. The bands stated above are new to this pass and were read off the Criminal Code itself, not carried from that cell. Whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established here. This row in particular. The entry this row is reached through sits in Liite I, which the decree heads as the substances and preparations in the lists of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, under list I of that annex, at printed position 67 of the 145 entries that list carries in the consolidated text read here, it reads «Kannabis, kannabishartsi sekä kannabisuutteet ja -tinktuurat», and it is that entry rather than this row's own name that the decree prints. In the printed order of that list the entry above it is Isotonitatsepyyni and below it comes Karfentaniili. The same list closes by extending itself beyond its named entries, in the words «tässä luettelossa mainittuja aineita sisältävät valmisteet lukuun ottamatta luettelossa III mainittuja valmisteita.». The annex that carries this row stands as amended by 25.6.2026/651, which is the amendment that last touched this row's annex rather than the decree as a whole. Section 5 subsection 1 of huumausainelaki 373/2008 is the prohibition that placement engages, «Huumausaineen tuotanto, valmistus, tuonti Suomen alueelle, vienti Suomen alueelta, kuljetus, kauttakuljetus, jakelu, kauppa, käsittely, hallussapito ja käyttö on kielletty.», and chapter 50 section 5 subsection 1 of the Criminal Code makes the word huumausaine in those offences mean a narcotic under huumausainelaki, so the annex entry above is what puts this row inside them. Criminal Code chapter 50 section 2 a is the small quantity limb and it opens «Joka laittomasti käyttää taikka omaa käyttöä varten pitää hallussaan tai yrittää hankkia vähäisen määrän huumausainetta, on tuomittava», so the käyttörikos reaches this row on its own terms. No quantity figure is printed anywhere in chapter 50: whether a quantity is a suuri määrä, and whether the substance is an erittäin vaarallinen huumausaine under chapter 50 section 5 subsection 2, are findings of fact and the annex position does not settle either of them. No fine figure is printed either, because a Finnish fine is a day fine set on the offender's income.

Bolivia

Legal status: Not confirmed. No individual status was established for this row. The Anexo to Ley 913 of 16 March 2017, the list article 5(c) of that Law makes operative, does not name it anywhere in Listas I to V. The nearest entry is TETRAHIDROCANABINOLES (Todos los isómeros) in Lista I. Cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, it is the fully aromatic oxidation product, so the parenthesis does not reach it. Lista I also names DMHP and PARAHEXILO individually, and neither is cannabinol. The version read is the Anexo as published in Gaceta Oficial edition 947NEC on 23 March 2017, read as at 21 September 2026, and reading it does not rule out a later addition, because article 5(c) closes with las que sean incorporadas por Ley, incorporation by Law. That is an unresolved row and not a permission. [Certain] on the search, [Likely] that the substance is outside the list, because a list can be amended and a name can be printed in a form the search did not anticipate.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 15 I of the 2009 Constitution reads, in its own words, No existe la pena de muerte, and no limb of the Bolivian drug law carries a capital penalty. Nothing in the Anexo to Ley 913 was found to name this substance. The nearest entry is TETRAHIDROCANABINOLES (Todos los isómeros) in Lista I. Cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, it is the fully aromatic oxidation product, so the parenthesis does not reach it. Lista I also names DMHP and PARAHEXILO individually, and neither is cannabinol. Ley 1008 of 19 July 1988 article 48 punishes whoever traffics in sustancias controladas with presidio de diez a veinticinco años y diez mil a veinte mil días multa, ten to twenty five years and ten thousand to twenty thousand day fines, and it makes trafficking in larger volumes an aggravating circumstance. Article 48 takes its conduct from article 33(m) of the same law, which Ley 913 left standing and which defines tráfico ilícito as producing, manufacturing, knowingly possessing, holding in deposit or storage, transporting, delivering, supplying, buying, selling, donating, bringing into the country, taking out of the country and financing. The rest of the ladder sits in the same title. Article 46, cultivating or harvesting controlled plants, one to two years and two to four on a second offence. Article 47, manufacture, five to fifteen years. Article 50, administering to another, ten to fifteen years. Article 51, supplying to another, eight to twelve years. Article 52, fifteen to twenty years where the administering or supplying gravely harms health and twenty to thirty where the conduct results in a death. Article 53, a third more where two or more people organise. Article 55, transport, eight to twelve years with definitive seizure of the vehicle. The day fine unit is the statute's own and is not converted here. Article 49 sends the dependent user and the non habitual user caught holding a minimum quantity for immediate personal consumption to a farmacodependencia institute for treatment rather than to prison. That minimum is fixed case by case on the opinion of two specialists from a public institute and no gram figure is printed anywhere in the statute. Holding more than the minimum falls into article 48. A foreign national without permanent residence who commits these acts has the residence law applied and a fine of five hundred to one thousand days, which is the sentence in the article most likely to reach a traveller and which the live cell did not carry. Those are Bolivia's published penalties. They are the country's penalties and not this row's exposure, because whether the offence reaches this substance is exactly what was not established.

Ecuador

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Ecuador's authorities (COIP; Constitution Art 364) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Ecuadorian sources (COIP Arts 220/228; Constitution Art 364; the repealed CONSEP table), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Personal-use possession is non-punishable in Ecuador (Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers; the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable, and CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023, the old bright-line thresholds NO LONGER EXIST, there is now NO defined personal-use quantity, and trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Personal-use possession is NON-PUNISHABLE: Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers, and the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable (CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013, about 10 g cannabis, 1 g cocaine, 0.1 g heroin, 0.015 g MDMA) was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023; those gram thresholds NO LONGER EXIST. There is now NO defined personal-use quantity, trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3-5 years, medium 5-7, high 19-22, large 22-26. Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote; products under 1% THC via pharmacy). [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025. Ecuador has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Constitution (2008) Art 364 + COIP Arts 220/228 + CNJ Resolution 14-2023 + Executive Decree No. 28 (24 November 2023) · asamblea.gob.ec · defensoria.gob.ec · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Paraguay

Legal status: Not confirmed. This substance was not found in Paraguay's controlled substance schedule as at December 2025, and the search did not settle whether it is controlled by another route. Cannabinol returned nothing anywhere in the schedule.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Article 4 of the 1992 Constitucion Nacional reads Queda abolida la pena de muerte, so no capital penalty is available in Paraguay, and no article of Ley 1.340/1988 provides one. [Certain] Placement for this row was not established. Cannabinol returned nothing anywhere in the schedule. Tetrahidrocannabinol and its named isomers are in Lista I and Hexahidrocannabinol is in Lista II, but cannabinol is a different molecule from both and the Lista I rule extends to esteroisomeros only. Ley 1.340/1988 sets the conduct offences. Article 13 punishes supply without authorization with 6 to 15 years penitentiary, forfeiture of the goods and a fine of four times their value. Article 14 raises that to 10 to 25 years where the supply is to a minor, and article 15 applies the same range to supply in teaching, religious, welfare, sporting, cultural or social premises, at public entertainments, or in places of detention. Article 16 punishes supply made to prepare, facilitate, commit or conceal another offence with 5 to 15 years. Article 21, as replaced by Ley 1.881/2002, punishes unauthorized introduction into the country or dispatch abroad with 5 to 10 years, forfeiture and the same fine, and article 22 applies that penalty to any plant, substance or product usable in making these substances. Article 25 punishes bringing them in under temporary admission or in transit with 10 to 20 years. Article 26 punishes activity carried on from national territory aimed at sending them abroad with 10 to 25 years. Article 33 punishes sowing, cultivating, harvesting or gathering the plants that serve to make them, and financing that, with 10 to 20 years and destruction of the crop. Article 27, which punished unauthorized possession with 5 to 15 years, was repealed by article 4 of Ley 1.881/2002, so there is no longer a freestanding possession offence in this law. [Certain] The highest range stated in the statute is 10 to 25 years, but that is not the maximum it can reach, because four articles multiply a penalty rather than state one. Article 17 punishes causing a person to consume these substances by deceit, threat or violence with 10 to 20 years, and raises the penalty by one third to one half where the victim is a minor, mentally ill, a relative within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity, or the spouse, or where the author is a health professional, which reaches 30 years. Article 37 punishes instigating or persuading another, or achieving production or trafficking by deceit, threat or violence, with the same 10 to 20 years and the same uplift, where the victim is a minor, a relative within the second degree, the spouse, or a person in a relationship of obedience or dependence. Article 41 punishes committing offences to procure or force the release of someone held for an offence under this law with the maximum penalty for the offence committed, and imposes double that penalty where the release is actually achieved, which on a 25 year offence reaches 50 years. Article 42 punishes belonging to an association formed to commit these offences with 5 to 15 years on that fact alone, and doubles the penalty for its leader or promoter, which reaches 30 years. None of the four is a separate drug offence, so each applies on top of whichever article above is charged. [Certain] Article 30 exempts from penalty a person holding a substance to which the law refers that a doctor prescribed for them, or holding it for their exclusive personal use, and punishes a quantity greater than the amount prescribed or than personal use requires with 2 to 4 years penitentiary and forfeiture. Its second paragraph treats as the exclusive personal use of a farmacodependiente the holding of enough substance for daily use, the amount to be fixed case by case by the Medico Forense, a specialist doctor designated by the Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social and another designated by the affected person at their own cost if they ask for one, and then states in its own words: En el caso de la Marihuana no sobrepasara los diez gramos y de dos gramos en el de la Cocaina, Heroina y otros opiaceos. [Certain] Article 30 states a figure only for marihuana and for cocaina, heroina y otros opiaceos. It states none for this row, so any personal use quantity for it falls to the case by case determination in the second paragraph and no gram figure can be quoted for it. [Certain] The penalties set out above are Paraguay's published penalties under Ley 1.340/1988. They are not this row's exposure, because whether any of those offences reaches this substance is exactly what was not established. Why this row defers rather than reporting a settled absence. Article 1 limb b of Ley 1.340/1988 reaches Todas aquellas de origen natural o sintetico que puedan producir estados de dependencia, estimulacion o depresion del sistema nervioso central, or hallucinations, motor and sensory disturbance, or a change in behaviour, perception or mood, or effects analogous to a Convention substance. On its own words that is an open pharmacological description rather than a list, and it describes a psychoactive substance without naming one. The article then provides that the substances of limbs b and c are to be established by decree. Whether limb b can reach a substance the decree has not named was not settled from any text read here, and no Paraguayan decision on the point was found. An absence from the decree and from the Convention lists therefore narrows this question and does not close it, which is why this cell states no answer rather than a negative one. The schedule read was the Listado Actualizado de Sustancias sujetas a fiscalizacion en Paraguay, Dic. 2025, published by DINAVISA under Decreto 5.213/2005 as amended by Decreto 5.282/2021, read as at 21 September 2026, together with the 1961 and 1971 Convention lists that article 1 limb a incorporates directly. Reading them does not rule out a later decree, a later edition of the list, or a later Convention scheduling decision that names this substance.

Ghana

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotics Control Commission Act 2020 (Act 1019): Sixth Schedule item 4 names «Cannabinol». That entry was read in the official parliamentary text of the Act on 20 September 2026. The offences are in sections 36 to 45 and repeat convictions in section 50.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The record this cell rests on states no death penalty in Act 1019 and no drug quantity that triggers life imprisonment. The fine and imprisonment band for an offence under sections 36 to 45 is the one the Second Schedule to the Act sets for that offence; the band figures are not reproduced in this source record. Section 50 says the court shall impose life imprisonment on a third qualifying trafficking-type conviction.
If prescribed / medical: The source this cell rests on, the Sixth Schedule item 4 entry and sections 36 to 50 of Act 1019, does not state a prescription or medical route for cannabinol.
Documentation: The source this cell rests on does not state an import permit or traveller documentation rule for cannabinol.

Narcotics Control Commission Act, 2020 (Act 1019), Sixth Schedule item 4, sections 36 to 45 and 50, Second Schedule · repository.parliament.gh · Updated October 3, 2026

Israel

Legal status: Not confirmed, not named; חלק א' סימן ב' פרט 4 covers the delta-tetrahydrocannabinols, which cannabinol is not
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass from the Ordinance itself: the words מוות, תלייה and הוצאה להורג return zero hits across the whole text, and so does עולם, so there is no life route either, and the heaviest sentence anywhere in it is the 25 years of section 21 for involving a minor. [Certain] Cannabinol is not named in the First Schedule as read. The nearest entry is חלק א' סימן ב' פרט 4, Delta-Tetrahydrocannabinola דלתה טטראהידרו קאנאבינולים, which names the delta-tetrahydrocannabinols and not the fully aromatic cannabinol, and that entry carries no derivative clause. Cannabinol occurring in plant material would still fall inside the cannabis entry at חלק א' סימן א' פרט 1, which reaches the whole plant. Read against the consolidated First Schedule whose own amendment note at its head ends at התשע"ח and whose schedule pages carry the 1.4.2018 update stamp, with section 7 stamped 1.1.2019 and the file closing with (סוף הפקודה); a later amendment to the Schedule is not ruled out, and this reading is of that version and no other. [Certain] Section 1 defines סם מסוכן as חומר מן המפורטים בתוספת הראשונה לרבות כל מלח שלו, וכן כל תכשיר, תרכובת, תערובת או תמיסה של חומר כאמור ומלחיהם, a substance listed in the First Schedule including any salt of it, and also any preparation, compound, mixture or solution of such a substance and of their salts. That definition reaches salts and mixtures and stops there: it says nothing about isomers, analogues or structural derivatives, so those come only from the words of an individual פרט or of a סימן wide sweep clause. Section 7(c) sets up to 20 years or a fine 25 times the fine in section 61(a)(4) of the Penal Law 5737-1977 for possession or use, dropping to 3 years or the plain section 61(a)(4) fine where the drug was held or used for the person's own consumption alone. Section 6 sets the same 20 years for growing, manufacturing, producing, preparing or extracting without the Director's licence. Section 19A sets 20 years for the trade and transit offences of sections 13 to 18, which reach export, import, brokering, dealing, any other transaction and supply whether or not for payment. Section 21 raises it to 25 years on any of its three limbs, giving a dangerous drug to a minor, being responsible for a minor and allowing him to obtain or use one, or inducing a minor to obtain or use one, and section 25 bars a wholly suspended sentence or a probation order on that conviction. [Certain] Section 20 is not a penalty provision at all, it is the customs inspection power over a consignment carried in transit through Israel. No Second Schedule quantity is set for this substance, so the section 31(3) reverse onus, which presumes possession beyond personal consumption above a listed weight, has no threshold to run from here.
If prescribed / medical: Not named in the First Schedule as read, so sections 11 and 12 of the Ordinance are not engaged by name for it. Medicines are separately regulated in Israel under the Pharmacists Ordinance and the regulations made under it, and that body of law was not read in this pass. [Likely] Carry the prescription and the dispensing label, and confirm with an Israeli mission before travelling.

Panama

Legal status: Not confirmed. Whether Panama's criminal definition of a drug reaches Cannabinol was not established by the instruments read here. It is not named in Resolución 200 of 2025 and no entry for it was read in the schedules of the 1961 or 1971 Conventions. Article 324 of the Código Penal defines the criminal object for the whole drug chapter, and it does so functionally and by incorporation rather than by a closed national list: «droga es toda sustancia que produzca dependencia física o síquica, como los narcóticos, fármacos, estupefacientes y todos aquellos productos, precursores y sustancias químicas esenciales que sirven para su elaboración, transformación o preparación, de conformidad con las disposiciones legales en materia de salud, convenios y acuerdos internacionales vigentes en la República de Panamá.». Panama therefore has no closed criminal schedule of its own. A substance is reached where it produces physical or psychic dependence and where the health legislation and the international conventions in force in Panama place it, so a reader looking for a Panamanian chemical annex to be absent from is looking for a document the criminal law does not use. Because the definition opens with a functional test rather than a list, an absence from the lists that were read does not close the question, and nothing read here shows the dependence limb being applied to this row. The two apparent matches for this name in the psychotropic schedule are both fragments of longer words wrapped across a column, one the tetrahydro form and one the hexahydro form, and neither is an entry for the plain compound. Panama's hemp statute, by contrast, uses this exact word as its name for the non-psychoactive cannabinoid and defines it in those terms, so the national statute and the international schedules use the word differently.
Consequences if caught: The articles below are set out in full because the placement question for Cannabinol is open, and if it were answered against the traveller these are the provisions that would apply. The decisive fact is what a product actually contains, because the national statute uses this word for the non-psychoactive cannabinoid while the schedules use longer forms of it for placed compounds. Article 321 sets 8 to 12 years of prison for unlawful possession in circumstances objectively showing it is not for consumption, and its printed words are «Quien ilícitamente posea drogas, en circunstancias que objetivamente permitan determinar que no es para el consumo, será sancionado con ocho a doce años de prisión.». Article 312 sets the same 8 to 12 years where two or more people agree to commit a drug offence. Article 313 sets 10 to 15 years for bringing a drug into the national territory, even in transit, and raises that by a third to a half where the drug is brought in for local sale or distribution. Article 314 sets 10 to 15 years for sowing, cultivating, extracting, transforming or manufacturing, and article 318 sets 10 to 15 years for buying, selling, storing or exchanging for commercial purposes, doubled in the five aggravated cases it lists. Article 319 sets 8 to 12 years for devoting premises or a vehicle to drug activity, rising to 10 to 15 years for the owner of a commercial place open to the public. Article 322 sets 20 to 25 years where conduct under articles 312, 313 or 321 is carried out by the leaders, directors or organisers of a criminal band, and its words are «la pena será de veinte a veinticinco años de prisión.», so the ceiling this chapter carries is 25 years. The dossier for this country stated that ceiling as 20 years and that is corrected here against the article itself. Article 320 covers buying or possessing for one's own consumption in scarce quantity, and its penalty is a fine of 50 to 250 day units, weekend arrest or community work, in the words «Quien ilícitamente compre o posea drogas para su consumo en escasa cantidad será sancionado con cincuenta a doscientos cincuenta días-multa o arresto de fines de semana o trabajo comunitario.». Where the person is physically or psychically dependent and the quantity is scarce, article 320 imposes a security measure instead. The live cell attributed a band of 2 to 4 years to article 320; that band is in the third paragraph of article 313 and it applies where a drug is brought into the country and the scarce quantity and the other circumstances show unequivocally that it is for personal consumption, in the words «La sanción será de dos a cuatro años de prisión o su equivalente en días-multa o medidas curativas cuando, por su escasa cantidad y demás circunstancias, se determine inequívocamente que la droga es para el consumo personal.». Panama publishes no numerical quantity table for this corpus. Article 320 provides that scarce quantity for personal use is the measure the Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses determines in each case according to the person's state of dependence, «Se entenderá por cantidad escasa destinada a su uso personal la medida que determine el Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, en cada caso, según el estado de dependencia de la persona.», so the live cell's gloss of a single dose is corrected here as not what the article says. Article 323 directs the court to weigh the dangerousness of the drug and its market value when placing a sentence inside a band. Panama provides no death penalty for any drug offence. Those figures are carried forward from the live cell and re-derived against the Penal Code itself, and whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established.

Nigeria

Legal status: Not confirmed. The Nigeria dossier records that the complete 1961 and 1971 lists incorporated by section 52 of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency Act, Cap N30 (the NDLEA Act) were searched on 20 September 2026 for cannabinol, its standard name and chemical synonym, that no entry was found, and that the closest entry it read, «Tetrahydrocannabinol.», was rejected as a different substance. It adds that the Act contains no general analogue limb. The row quotes only the word «specified» from section 52, not the incorporation clause or any closing line of the schedules, and it names no edition or date of the schedules it searched, so the absence is not taken as an answer for cannabinol.
Consequences if caught: No penalty is stated for cannabinol while its placement is unconfirmed. The dossier's ceiling note says that no NDLEA Act life or capital exposure attaches to its negative finding and that separate food, medicines, poisons, tobacco or alcohol legislation may still apply; because the finding itself is not accepted, neither half is relied on, and the lack of a listing is not a statement that possession is lawful.
If prescribed / medical: The dossier carries no prescription information for cannabinol, and no prescription route is stated.
Documentation: No documentation rule is stated for cannabinol. The search record this cell rests on is the dossier row checked on 20 September 2026, which cites the INCB list in source_url and names «Tetrahydrocannabinol.» as the nearest entry it rejected.

incb.org · National Drug Law Enforcement Agency Act, Cap N30, section 52 (searched, absence not accepted) · Updated October 3, 2026

Bangladesh

Legal status: Not confirmed for Bangladesh. Cannabinol is named nowhere. The nearby entries are not it. Class 'ka' serial 6 names «Tetrahydrocanabinol» and Class 'kha' serial 4 names «Dronabinol», and cannabinol is neither a tetrahydrocannabinol nor dronabinol: it is the fully aromatic oxidation product of THC. Class 'ka' serial 7 reaches «উপজাত দ্রব্য», by-products, of the serial 4 to 6 substances, and cannabinol is a degradation product of tetrahydrocannabinol, but the Act does not say whether an oxidation product of a scheduled substance is its by-product for this purpose. Searched, on 2026-09-17: the full First Schedule as printed in the Bangladesh Gazette of 14 November 2018, all three classes and every serial, for the substance's name and its common synonyms and abbreviations; the consolidated Act on bdlaws for the same terms; the Narcotics Control (Amendment) Acts of 2020 and 2026 for any schedule amendment, finding none in either; and the Department of Narcotics Control's own list of laws and rules, which carries ten instruments and no schedule amendment. What came back was nothing. The status is therefore not confirmed, and the open question is whether Class 'ka' serial 7, Class 'kha' serial 5 or Class 'ga' serial 4 reaches it as a derivative, isomer, analogue or agonist of something that is named, which is a question the Act's words leave to a court.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Section 9(1) prohibits, for every narcotic except alcohol, cultivation, production or processing, carrying, transport or transfer, import and export at limb (a); supply, marketing, buying, selling, transfer, receipt, sending, dealing, auction, holding, possession, storage, warehousing and display at limb (b); consumption, application or use at limb (c); and any attempt, investment of money, establishing, running or patronising an operation, or a false declaration, at limb (d). Section 36 then sets the penalty from a 34 row table whose second column names a First Schedule class and serial number, not a substance, so what a substance is punished by depends entirely on which serial it sits in. This substance is in no serial of the First Schedule that could be identified, so no row of the section 36 table can be matched to it and no penalty range is stated here. Do not read that as permission. Section 65 lets the Government add a name to any schedule by notification in the official Gazette at any time, and Class 'ka' serial 7, Class 'kha' serial 5 and Class 'ga' serial 4 each sweep in the derivatives, alkaloids, salts, isomers, analogues and agonists of the substances above them. No quantity threshold applies to cannabinol because no schedule entry was matched to it, and the death penalty under the section 36 table reaches only three entries in the whole schedule: Class 'ka' serials 4, 5 and 6. Nothing in Class 'kha' or Class 'ga' is capital under that table, and neither is Class 'ka' serial 1, 2, 3, 7 or 8. Section 36A, inserted by the Narcotics Control (Amendment) Act 2026 on 16 July 2026 and in force at once, adds a capital route that has no quantity threshold and no class restriction at all. Buying, selling, supplying, offering, advertising, brokering or communicating about a narcotic or a psychoactive substance through cyberspace, a digital device, a website, social media, a mobile application, an online platform or any other digital medium, or using a digital payment system, an e-wallet, a virtual asset or a cryptocurrency for those purposes, is punishable under section 36A(2) by «যে কোনো মেয়াদের কারাদণ্ডে অথবা সর্বোচ্চ মৃত্যুদণ্ডে», imprisonment for any term or at the maximum death, with a fine of up to 20 lakh taka. Its proviso states that recovery of the drug from the offender is not required. This reaches any substance that is a narcotic under section 2(29), which is anything in the First Schedule, and the schedule's own Explanation at clause (ক) defines a psychoactive substance as anything in Class 'ka' serials 4, 5 and 6, Class 'kha' serials 4 and 5, or Class 'ga' serials 3 and 4. So a substance outside the schedule is outside the section 36 table, and would only reach the capital tier if a court read it into one of those three serials through the derivative and analogue clauses.

Pakistan

Legal status: Not confirmed for Pakistan. Cannabinol is named in no schedule of the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997. Cannabinol is the fully aromatic oxidation product and is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, so it falls outside the isomer block under serial 83 and outside the delta-9 row under serial 77, every one of which specifies a tetrahydro or hexahydro ring. Whether plant-derived cannabinol travels with the resin under section 2(d) is a different question and one the Act does not answer in terms.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Nothing in the Act attaches a band to cannabinol, so what follows is the shape of the regime it sits outside rather than a penalty for it. What the Act would do if it did reach this substance is settled, and is stated here so the gap is visible rather than blank. A psychotropic substance runs the section 9(2) bands, a controlled substance the section 9(3) tables, and one of the seven named narcotics its own row in section 9(1). A substance outside all three, but caught by the Rules 2001, falls to section 16 at three years and fine. Whichever of those routes were to apply, death is not among them. Death is not available. Act No. XXXVIII of 2023, section 2, assented on 2 August 2023 and published in the Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, on 5 August 2023, removed every death reference from section 9. The words at the heroin and morphine band of 6000 grams or more and at the cocaine band of 5000 grams or more were omitted, and the Pakistan Code now prints a bracketed omission mark where they stood. In the fourth proviso to section 9(2) the words 'may be death or' were replaced by 'shall be'. The word death survives twice in the whole fifty page Act and both are procedural. Because death is unavailable, the question whether it is mandatory does not arise. The ceiling is life, and section 9A(3) says what that means: 'Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for time being in force, imprisonment for life under this Act means imprisonment in jail for the period of twenty-five years.' Section 9A(2) bars probation and parole, and section 9A(1) bars remission except for a juvenile or a female convict.
If prescribed / medical: Cannabinol is outside the Rules 2001 licence system, since rule 2(1)(xiii) confines a drug of abuse to a prohibited drug, a high-risk drug or a risk drug, each defined by a Schedule to those Rules. Section 6 permits medical, scientific and industrial use subject to conditions specified by or under the Act, and the Rules 2001 supply those conditions for a drug of abuse. An unscheduled substance is outside that permit system, which cuts both ways: no licence is required and none is available. Rule 14 provides for permits in relation to first-aid kits and rule 15 for programmes for medical and scientific purposes, and rule 11 governs import, export and transit permits. A traveller carrying a prescribed medicine should hold the prescription and the dispensing label, in the prescriber's name, and should expect the quantity to be measured against the section 9 bands if the substance is scheduled.

Taiwan

Legal status: Category 2 narcotic (第二級毒品) under Taiwan's Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act (毒品危害防制條例), named at 附表二第155項「四氫大麻酚（Tetrahydrocannabinols、THCs）」. The entry is expressly generic: 「包括其異構物及立體化學變體，如以大麻成熟莖及種子所製成之製品中含四氫大麻酚不得超過 10ug/g（10ppm）」, isomers and stereochemical variants, with a 10 parts per million ceiling for products made from mature stems and seeds. That 10ppm figure is the only numeric threshold in the cannabis group. The model: the four grades and their anchor substances are in the Act itself, article 2(2) reading 「毒品依其成癮性、濫用性及對社會危害性，分為四級，其品項如下」, and the full item lists are the Act's own four schedules, 附表一 to 附表四. The power to change them is delegated. Article 2(3) reads 「前項毒品之分級及品項，由法務部會同衛生福利部組成審議委員會，每三個月定期檢討，審議委員會並得將具有成癮性、濫用性、對社會危害性之虞之麻醉藥品與其製品、影響精神物質與其製品及與該等藥品、物質或製品具有類似化學結構之物質進行審議，並經審議通過後，報由行政院公告調整、增減之，並送請立法院查照」, a review committee of the justice and health ministries reviewing every three months, adjustment by Executive Yuan announcement, reported to the Legislative Yuan. The Act was last amended 4 May 2022. The list was last amended by the Executive Yuan announcement of 25 June 2026, in force 27 June 2026, which moved etomidate and eight related compounds from Category 2 up to Category 1.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: article 15, and only where the offender is a civil servant abusing office. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass: articles 4 and 15 were read at law.moj.gov.tw on 21 September 2026. Article 4(2), the limb that reaches a Category 2 narcotic, provides «life imprisonment or a minimum ten-year fixed-term imprisonment» and no death penalty at all. Article 15 provides that «civil servants convicted of committing offenses described in Article 4 Paragraph 2 or Article 6 Paragraph 1 under the pretexts of their authority, opportunities, or means given to the position shall be punished with a death penalty, or life imprisonment». That is the only route by which death reaches this row, and it is unavailable to an ordinary offender. Article 4(1), which does carry death on its own wording, reaches Category 1 only and this substance is not in Category 1. Article 4(2) punishes manufacture, transport or sale of a Category 2 narcotic by life imprisonment or ten years upward, with a fine of up to NT$15 million. Article 5(2) punishes possession with intent to sell by five years upward. Article 10(2) punishes use by up to three years. Article 11(2) punishes simple possession by up to two years, and article 11(4) raises that to six months to five years once the pure weight reaches 20 grammes. Article 8(2) punishes transfer by six months to five years. Article 9(1) increases the penalty by up to one half where an adult sells to a minor, and article 9(2) does the same where the buyer is known to be pregnant. Article 19 confiscates the property used in an article 4 offence and, for an article 4 offence specifically, the vehicle, vessel or aircraft used. A hemp derived product is not outside the Act because it is called hemp. It is outside the Act only while its tetrahydrocannabinol content stays under 10 micrograms per gramme, and above that it is a Category 2 narcotic. Life reaches this substance directly and the death penalty reaches it by one route, so the common statement that capital exposure in Taiwan is confined to Category 1 is wrong here. Life comes from article 4(2), 「製造、運輸、販賣第二級毒品者，處無期徒刑或十年以上有期徒刑，得併科新臺幣一千五百萬元以下罰金」, life or ten years upward for manufacture, transport or sale, with no weight threshold. The death penalty comes from article 15(1), 「公務員假借職務上之權力、機會或方法犯第四條第二項或第六條第一項之罪者，處死刑或無期徒刑」: a public official who abuses the power, opportunity or methods of office to commit an article 4(2) offence faces death or life. Article 4(2) is the Category 2 trafficking limb, so what the death penalty turns on there is the offender's status rather than the drug's grade, and for anyone in that position the exposure is real. A separate point concerns the charge rather than the substance: article 9(3) reads 「犯前五條之罪而混合二種以上之毒品者，適用其中最高級別毒品之法定刑，並加重其刑至二分之一」, so an offence involving a mixture of two or more graded narcotics is charged at the statutory penalty of the highest grade among them with up to one half added, and a Category 1 component brings the whole charge under article 4(1). Neither the life route nor the death route is mandatory; each offers the court a choice.

Hong Kong

Legal status: A dangerous drug in Hong Kong. Part I of the First Schedule to the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134), in the version in force from 18 July 2025 (last amended by L.N. 172 of 2025) as read in the Department of Justice consolidation dated 12 June 2026, paragraph 1(a), prints «Cannabinol and its tetrahydro or hexahydro derivatives; their 3-alkyl homologues (大麻酚及其四氫或六氫衍生物；它們的3-烷基同系物)», and section 2 defines a dangerous drug as «any of the drugs or substances specified in Part I of the First Schedule».
Consequences if caught: Cannabinol is a dangerous drug because paragraph 1(a) of Part I names it (Cannabinol and its tetrahydro or hexahydro derivatives; their 3-alkyl homologues was amended by L.N. 172 of 2025). The same entry reaches the tetrahydro and hexahydro derivatives of cannabinol and their 3-alkyl homologues. Trafficking: section 4(1)(a) forbids any person to «traffic in a dangerous drug» except under the Ordinance or a licence, and section 2 says trafficking «includes importing into Hong Kong, exporting from Hong Kong, procuring, supplying or otherwise dealing in or with the dangerous drug, or possessing the dangerous drug for the purpose of trafficking», so bringing it into Hong Kong falls within trafficking, whatever the amount. Section 4(3) sets the maximum «on conviction on indictment, to a fine of $5,000,000 and to imprisonment for life», and «on summary conviction, to a fine of $500,000 and to imprisonment for 3 years». Manufacture: section 6(2), «liable on conviction on indictment to a fine of $5,000,000 and to imprisonment for life». Supply to a person not authorised to possess it: section 5(2), on indictment «to a fine at level 6 and to imprisonment for 15 years». Possession and consumption are each an offence under section 8: section 8(1) forbids a person to «have in his possession» or to «smoke, inhale, ingest or inject» a dangerous drug, and section 8(2) sets «on conviction upon indictment to a fine of $1,000,000 and, subject to section 54A, to imprisonment for 7 years», or «on summary conviction to a fine at level 6 and, subject to section 54A, to imprisonment for 3 years»; level 6 is $100,000. Section 54A requires the court to consider a report of the Commissioner of Correctional Services before passing a custodial sentence for possession, except where section 54A(1A) applies: the person is in the same proceedings sentenced for another offence to imprisonment for more than 9 months, or is already serving a term of more than 9 months. Each of these provisions joins the fine and the imprisonment with the word and, so both may be imposed; the figures are maxima. Imprisonment for life is the highest penalty the Ordinance states. The Ordinance sets no quantity below which possession is lawful, and section 47 is not a quantity rule: a person proved to have had in physical possession «anything containing or supporting a dangerous drug», or the keys of a container holding one, «shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have had such drug in his possession», and is presumed to have known its nature. This is stated as at the consolidations named in this cell, and for the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance as at the consolidation dated 12 June 2026. Section 50(1) provides that «The Chief Executive may by order published in the Gazette amend the First and Third Schedules», so this does not rule out a later amendment. The Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Amendment of First Schedule) Order 2026, made by the Chief Executive on 24 September 2026 under section 50(1) and scheduled for gazettal on 2 October 2026, adds N-pyrrolidino isotonitazene, N-desethyl etonitazene and MDMB-FUBINACA to Part I, and its section 1 reads «This Order comes into operation on 27 November 2026.» Those three additions are therefore not in force on 2 October 2026.

Venezuela

Legal status: Not confirmed. Ley Orgánica de Drogas article 3 identifies controlled drugs by reference to the Convention schedules, and no anchored entry for this substance was found in the 1961 Yellow List or the 1971 Green List editions read, nor in the Law's Anexo I. Article 2 also lets the health and intermediate industries ministries determine further substances and no consolidated ministerial list was obtainable, so this is unresolved and not a proved absence. Confirm with Venezuela's authorities before travel.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The Constitution forbids it at article 43, read here in the Contraloría General de la República text: “El derecho a la vida es inviolable. Ninguna ley podrá establecer la pena de muerte, ni autoridad alguna aplicarla.” [Certain], re derived from that text in this pass. The abolition itself is usually dated to the Decreto de Garantías of 1863. [Likely] and carried, not re derived: that decree was not read here, and the year 1863 appears nowhere in the Constitution or in the Ley Orgánica de Drogas. Consumption is a separate route and it is not in the offences title. Article 141 provides that a person found consuming, or who declares themselves a consumer, or who holds a quantity not above the personal dose for consumption of article 131 numeral 2, is put at the disposal of the Ministerio Público, which has toxicological tests run on urine, blood or other organic fluids and a chemical and botanical examination made of the substance seized, and then asks the control judge for the person's liberty subject to attending a specialised rehabilitation centre. Where consumption is confirmed the outcome is obligatory treatment and a social reinsertion programme. Article 130 has the judge order obligatory rehabilitation in a specialised centre and allows reinserción social, seguimiento and servicio comunitario alongside it. Article 142 has the judge also suspend the driving licence and any firearms carry licence. Article 139 separately suspends a driving licence for not less than six months for driving under the effects of these substances, with obligatory treatment. Those provisions sit in Título V, Del Consumo y el Procedimiento, not in the offences and penalties title that carries articles 149 to 153, and the route turns on the quantity being at or below the personal dose. Article 153 punishes illicit possession of estupefacientes, sustancias psicotrópicas, their mixtures, salts or pharmaceutical specialities, or controlled chemicals, for purposes other than the licit activities the Law declares or the personal consumption of article 131, with one to two years. Article 149 punishes trafficking, commerce, supply, distribution, concealment, transport by any means, storage or brokerage with fifteen to twenty five years. That falls to twelve to eighteen years where the quantity does not exceed 5,000 g of marihuana, 1,000 g of genetically modified marihuana, 1,000 g of cocaine or cocaine based narcotic substances, 60 g of poppy derivatives or 500 units of synthetic drugs, and to eight to twelve years where it exceeds the article 153 maxima but does not pass 500 g of marihuana, 200 g of genetically modified marihuana, 50 g of cocaine, 10 g of poppy derivatives or 100 units of synthetic drugs. Directing or financing those operations carries twenty five to thirty years, and thirty years is the ceiling of this Law, not the twenty five of the first paragraph. Article 150 punishes illicit manufacture, elaboration, refining, transformation, extraction, preparation, mixing or production with fifteen to twenty years, and directing or financing those operations with twenty five to thirty years; that, not article 149, is the governing article for a clandestine producer. Article 151 punishes sowing, cultivating, harvesting, storing, trafficking, transporting, concealing or distributing seeds, resins and plants containing these substances with twelve to eighteen years, six to ten years where the seed or resin does not exceed 300 g or the plants do not exceed 10 units, and twenty five to thirty years for directing or financing, and where the plants are genetically modified marihuana it increases the penalty by half. Article 163 lists fourteen aggravating circumstances for trafficking in all its forms, for illicit manufacture and production and for trafficking in seeds, resins and plants, among them using children, people with disabilities, people living on the street, older adults or indigenous people, commission by public officials or by someone simulating that condition, commission in a home, an educational, cultural, sporting or religious institution, a prison, a public transport vehicle, a public office or a treatment and rehabilitation centre, and commission within 500 m of such places. For numerals 2, 7, 9, 10 and 13 the penalty rises by one third to one half, and in the remaining cases by one half. Applied to the twenty five to thirty year limb that uplift would pass thirty years, while Constitution article 44 numeral 3 provides that there shall be no perpetual or infamous sentences and that custodial penalties “no excederán de treinta años”. The Law does not say how the two are reconciled. Article 153 prints its possession figures only for cocaine and its derivatives, compounds or mixtures at up to 2 g, marihuana at up to 20 g, genetically modified marihuana at up to 5 g and poppy derivatives at up to 1 g, and article 149 prints its band figures only for those families and for units of synthetic drugs. No figure is printed for this substance. Where the offence reaches it, the amount that counts as a personal dose falls to the court: article 131 defines the personal dose by tolerance, degree of dependence, individual pattern of consumption, the psychophysical characteristics of the person and the nature of the substance, and states that the judge shall appreciate it rationally and scientifically on the report of the forensic experts, while the third paragraph of article 153 has the judge determine, using the maximum experience of experts as a reference, what may constitute a personal dose of the substance concerned for an average person. Those figures are not in article 131, which prints no gram amount at all. Those are Venezuela's published penalties. They are not this row's exposure. Whether the offence articles reach this substance is exactly what was not established, because the Law identifies estupefacientes and sustancias psicotrópicas by reference to the Convention schedules rather than by a national chemical annex, and no anchored entry for this substance was found in either incorporated list. Match note: the string cannabinol occurs in the lists only as the tail of tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and hexahydrocannabinol; there is no standalone cannabinol entry. Read as at the INCB Yellow List, 65th edition of July 2026, for the 1961 Convention schedules and the INCB Green List, 36th edition of 2025, for the 1971 Convention schedules. That does not rule out a later edition, and article 2 of the Law lets the health and intermediate industries ministries determine further substances, so this is an unresolved row and not a proved absence.

Guatemala

Legal status: Not confirmed. Placement under Decreto 48-92 was not established from the lists read, and this is unresolved rather than absent.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. This is established rather than assumed, because Decreto 48-92 as enacted did carry a death penalty: article 12 lists "De muerte" first among the principal penalties for natural persons, and article 52, "Delitos calificados por el resultado", provided that "Si como consecuencia de los delitos tipificados en esta ley, resultare la muerte de una o más personas, se aplicará la pena de muerte o treinta años de prisión, según las circunstancias del hecho". Two things remove it. First, the Corte de Constitucionalidad expelled article 12 literal a) and the words "muerte o" from article 52 by judgment of 24 October 2017, expediente 5986-2016 [Likely, taken from secondary reports; the Court's own record was not reached, and one of those reports contradicts itself on the expediente number]. Second, and independently of that judgment, article 52 was never conditioned on a substance or on a quantity but only on a resulting death, so no row of this table carried capital exposure even on the 1992 text [Certain, re-derived from the gazette this pass]. Readers should know that the government's own published text of the law, at senabed.gob.gt, still prints both capital passages intact. Decreto 48-92 annexes no list of substances. Article 1 reaches the drugs "incluidos en los convenios y tratados internacionales al respecto, ratificados por Guatemala y en cualquier otro instrumento jurídico internacional que sobre esta materia se apruebe", and article 2(b) defines "Estupefacientes y sustancias psicotrópicas" as "Cualquier droga natural o sintética, así considerada en tratados o convenios internacionales de observancia obligatoria en la República de Guatemala, el Código de Salud y demás disposiciones que se emitan para determinar las drogas de uso prohibido a que se refiere la presente ley". An anchored search of the whole 57 KB law text returned no substance name at all, which is the measurement behind that reading. The health authority says the same thing in its own words: MSPAS Normativa 22-2001, section 2, states that "Los Estupefacientes y Sicotrópicos son los enumerados en la Convención Unica de 1961 sobre Estupefacientes, en el Convenio sobre Substancias Sicotrópicas de 1971 y en la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas y otras Sustancias consideradas como tales por las leyes del país y por las disposiciones dictadas por la autoridad de salud". This row was searched under "cannabinol", "cannabinol y sus derivados", and with mechanical spelling variants of those, 5 candidate terms in all, matched anchored at the start of an entry name so that a longer entry containing the term could not be read as this row. None of them began an entry. The anchored search appeared to match "CANNABINOL" in Schedule I of the 1971 Convention. Read, that is not an entry at all: it is the entry name "TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL" at PT 002 broken across two printed lines, and the six isomers it goes on to name are every one of them a tetrahydrocannabinol. This row is the fully aromatic compound, and it is not among them. The trap is a line wrap rather than a chemical relationship, and it would have become a false placement on any matcher that did not read the entry. The lists read were the INCB Yellow List, 64th edition of July 2025, for the 1961 Convention, the INCB Green List, 35th edition of 2024, for the 1971 Convention, the INCB Red List, 23rd edition of July 2025, for Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention, and Acuerdo Gubernativo 54-2003. Those are the three treaties MSPAS Normativa 22-2001 section 2 names, so limb one is now read in full; an earlier version of this cell had read two of the three and substituted a national Acuerdo for the 1988 tables. The Código de Salud and the "demás disposiciones que se emitan" were not obtained, so this row is unresolved rather than absent, and as at those editions the position does not rule out a later national provision reaching this substance. Acuerdo Ministerial 239-2022 amended Listado I of Acuerdo Gubernativo 54-2003, which is direct evidence that these lists move. What follows is Guatemala's published penalty scheme, and it is the country's scheme and not this row's exposure, because whether the offence reaches this substance is exactly what was not established. Article 38, "Comercio, tráfico y almacenamiento ilícito", sets prison of twelve to twenty years and a fine of Q50,000 to Q1,000,000, both of those figures being money and neither of them a quantity of any substance. Article 39, "Posesión para el consumo", makes possession for one's own consumption an offence in its own right, at four months to two years and a fine of Q200 to Q10,000, consumption being made out where the seized drug "no exceda de la cantidad razonable para el consumo inmediato". No article states a gram figure for any substance, so the line between personal use and trafficking is judicial. Article 36 sets five to twenty years for sowing or cultivation and article 37 eight to twenty years for manufacture, which puts the ceiling on the conduct articles at twenty years. Article 15 names article 39 among the sentences that may be commuted where the prison term does not exceed five years, at Q5 to Q100 per day. One penalty in article 12 speaks directly to a non-Guatemalan reader. The principal penalties for natural persons are listed there, and literal f) is "Expulsión del territorio nacional de extranjeros", expulsion of foreign nationals from the national territory. It is a principal penalty in its own right and not an administrative consequence.

Nepal

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Nepal's authorities (Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Nepali sources (Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 (1976 AD), amended through 1998), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Controlled drugs carry tiered penalties up to life imprisonment; Nepal has NO death penalty (the maximum is life).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Nepal has NO death penalty, the maximum drug penalty is life imprisonment (jiban kaidi), under the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 (1976 AD, amended through 1998). Historically cannabis was legal through government shops until 1973; a cannabis-legalization bill is currently tabled but NOT enacted (proposed, not law). Cannabis consumption draws up to 1 month or an NPR 2,000 fine (first-time minor offenders may be released on a bond, and there is no punishment for a person in recognized treatment, Sec 19A). Cannabis possession is tiered: 50 g or less up to 3 months; 50-500 g up to 1 year; 500 g, 2 kg up to 2 years; 2-10 kg up to 3 years; 10 kg or more 2-10 years plus a fine (a reported personal-use line is about 5 g cannabis / 2 g hashish). Heroin and cocaine: 5 g or less 2-5 years; 5-100 g 5-10 years; over 100 g or any trafficking 10 years to life plus an NPR 500,000-2,500,000 fine. Cultivation: 25 plants or fewer up to 3 months; more than 25 plants 3 months, 3 years. Other hard drugs (methamphetamine/'yaba', MDMA, LSD) are controlled, with trafficking punishable up to life. Foreigners face the same law, no bail, and deportation after sentence. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 (1976 AD), amended through 1998, Secs 19/19A · lawcommission.gov.np · Updated July 14, 2026

Romania

Legal status: Cannabinol is not controlled in Romania, and that is a completed finding rather than an open question. The search recorded for this row is «Căutare exactă 18 Sep 2026: “Cannabinol”; “CBN”; “canabinol”, în Legea 143/2000, tabelele I-III şi clauzele privind sărurile şi produsele. Rezultat: nicio înscriere pentru Cannabinol şi nicio trimitere nominală în Legea 194/2011.». Absence from Romania's named schedules is a completed negative result for this slug; it is not deferred as an unperformed search. Romania uses the simplest of the three models: the schedule sits inside the Act. Article 1(a) makes Tables I to IV integral to Legea 143/2000 and supplies the mechanism for adding, deleting or moving an entry. Tables I and II are droguri de mare risc, high-risk drugs; Table III is droguri de risc. A mixture is reached through a listed constituent. Legea 194/2011 is a separate products regime and does not turn an unlisted name into a scheduled drug. This reading is stated as in force on 18 September 2026. The consolidated text identifies Legea 30/2025 as the latest schedule amendment included, effective 29 March 2025, and states that it contains all officially published amendments through that Act. An absence is a statement about a list at a moment, and this one is stated as at that consolidation and no later.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Romania has no death penalty and no life sentence for a drug offence. And none of the drug penalties reach cannabinol, because they attach to the substances on the Romania list and cannabinol is not one of them. The scale runs by table and by conduct. Article 4(1) sets 3 months to 2 years or a fine for unauthorised own-use acts involving a Table III risk drug, and article 4(2) sets 6 months to 3 years where the drug is high-risk. Article 2 sets 3 to 10 years for risk-drug circulation and 5 to 15 years for high-risk. Article 3(2) sets 10 to 20 years for unauthorised import or export of a high-risk drug. Article 9 raises the special limits by one third where the act finances drug consumption, and article 13(2) permits up to 5 further years in the specified education-related circumstance. Those provisions are stated here so the scale is visible, not because they apply to cannabinol. If a listed constituent is proved in a given material, that constituent is assessed on its own and carries its own exposure.
If prescribed / medical: There is no controlled drug prescription question for cannabinol in Romania, because the controlled list does not carry it. Whether cannabinol is available on prescription, over the counter or on general sale is a question for the Romania medicines and pharmacy regime, which this row did not audit. the Romanian National Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices is the body that answers it. Treat the supply route as unread rather than as open.
Documentation: Carry cannabinol as the Romania medicines regime allows and do not read this row as a carriage permission, because a substance that is off the controlled list is not thereby free to cross a border. That is the carriage answer for cannabinol and it is deliberately narrow. No traveller permit scheme, declaration form or carriage allowance for cannabinol appears in what was read here. Provenance follows. The instrument searched was Legea 143/2000, whose Tables I to IV article 1(a) makes integral to the Act itself, on Portal Legislativ, the official legislation portal of the Ministry of Justice, and the ANMDMR consolidated text on 18 September 2026 and no entry for cannabinol was found.

Slovakia

Legal status: Cannabinol is not listed in the Slovak narcotic and psychotropic schedule. Act No. 139/1998 carries one closed operative schedule at Annex 1, divided into Groups I, II and III, and no matching listed substance was found for cannabinol. The source records the aliases searched: kanabinol; cannabinol; CBN, run through every group of Annex 1, its extension clauses and its final line. A no-hit on an English spelling would not have been enough, because the schedule uses Slovak names, chemical formulas, brand-neutral synonyms, plant entries and member-by-member lists. Two statutes divide the work. Act No. 139/1998 decides whether a substance is in the three-group list at Annex 1, and section 3(1) classifies narcotic and psychotropic substances by their effects on health into those three groups. The Criminal Code, No. 300/2005, decides the amount category through sections 135c to 135f and supplies the offences at sections 171 to 173. This reading is stated as in force on 18 September 2026. The consolidation of Act No. 139/1998 read was effective 1 January 2026 and incorporates amendment No. 293/2025; the Criminal Code consolidation read was effective 18 August 2026 and incorporates amendments through No. 168/2026. An absence is a statement about a list at a moment, and this one is stated as at that consolidation and no later.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Slovakia has no death penalty. It does have life imprisonment for a drug offence, under Criminal Code section 173(5), and that is the one point on which this row has to be read carefully: the life ceiling is not assigned to cannabinol, because sections 171 to 173 attach to the substances in Act No. 139/1998 Annex 1 and cannabinol is not one of them. No controlled-substance threshold is given for it either, for the same reason. If a listed constituent is proved in a given material, that constituent is assessed separately and carries its own exposure. That is not a statement that cannabinol is unregulated in Slovakia; it is a statement that the drug offence scale is not the instrument that reaches it, and this row did not audit whichever regime does.
If prescribed / medical: There is no controlled drug prescription question for cannabinol in Slovakia, because Annex 1 to Act No. 139/1998 does not carry it. Whether cannabinol is available on prescription, over the counter or on general sale is a question for the Slovak medicines and pharmacy regime, which this row did not audit; the source states in terms that it is a schedule and penalty verification and not advice about licensing, medicines, precursors, food or tobacco. The State Institute for Drug Control is the body that answers it. Treat the supply route for cannabinol as unread rather than as open.
Documentation: Carry cannabinol as the Slovak medicines and pharmacy regime allows and do not read this row as a carriage permission, because a substance that is off the schedule is not thereby free to cross a border. That is the carriage answer for cannabinol and it is deliberately narrow. No traveller permit scheme, declaration form or carriage allowance for cannabinol appears in what was read here. Provenance follows. Act No. 139/1998 and Criminal Code No. 300/2005 were read on Slov-Lex, the official legal information portal, on 18 September 2026, and every annex was carried to its end: Act 139 Annex 1 ends with zolpidem followed by the salts clause, and Criminal Code Annex 1 ends with the lysergide row.

Trinidad and Tobago

Legal status: Cannabinol is entry (3) of item 3 of the First Schedule to the Dangerous Drugs Act, Chap. 11:25, «LIST OF NARCOTIC DRUGS». Item 3 opens «Cannabis, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis sativa L, their preparations,» «derivatives and similar synthetic preparations, as for example:», and the entry is printed «Cannabinol» with its chemical name in brackets. It is therefore a narcotic drug under the Act by name, listed apart from the tetrahydrocannabinol isomers, which sit in the Second Schedule. The entry is in the consolidation updated to 31 December 2016 and no later instrument read alters item 3. Position as at 3 October 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Neither the 2016 consolidation nor Act No. 24 of 2019 prints a sentence of death for any offence. Act No. 24 of 2019 also defines «cannabis» as the plant and «any compound, salt, mixture,» extraction, derivative, product, synthetic or other preparation of it, exempts possession of up to thirty grammes under a new section 5(2)(f), and replaces the section 5(1) penalties between thirty and one hundred grammes with summary fines of fifty thousand dollars under new section 5(2A) and seventy five thousand dollars under new section 5(2B). Whether a cannabinol product falls inside that definition, and so inside the allowance and the fine only tiers, is not settled by any instrument read, and this cell does not decide it. If it does not, section 5(1) applies as follows. Possession without authority is an offence under section 5(1), which, with the words Act No. 24 of 2019 substitutes, carries a fine of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars and imprisonment for five years on summary conviction, and a fine of one million dollars and imprisonment for fifteen years on indictment. Trafficking, or possession for the purpose of trafficking, is punished under section 5(5), whose 2016 words «to imprisonment for a term of twenty-five years to life» lose «a term of twenty-five years to» under section 6(f) of Act No. 24 of 2019, so that, upon conviction on indictment, the person is liable to a fine of three million dollars or, where there is evidence of the street value of the dangerous drug, ten times the street value, whichever is greater, and to imprisonment for life. Section 61 provides that section 68(2) and (3) of the Interpretation Act apply only to the penalties prescribed for possession of dangerous drugs under this Act; section 68 was not read for this cell. The quantity presumptions in section 5(9) are expressed for cannabis and cannabis resin and for the Second Schedule's Schedule I and Schedule II tables, and cannabinol, a First Schedule entry, is named in neither. The amended figures are this cell's reading of the 2016 text with Act No. 24 of 2019's substituted words applied; no consolidation after 2016 was available to check them against.
If prescribed / medical: No instrument read names a medicinal cannabinol product or a route for importing one. Section 5(2) lifts the possession offence for a holder of a section 4 licence, a medical practitioner, dentist, veterinary surgeon or pharmacist holding for a medicinal purpose, a person who obtains the drug for medicinal purposes from or pursuant to a prescription of a medical practitioner, dentist or veterinary surgeon, a person authorised under the Regulations, and a person acting under the supervision of any of them. Each prescriber is defined by registration under a Trinidad and Tobago Act, and the Act says nothing about a prescriber registered abroad.

Ukraine

Legal status: Not confirmed. Absence record UKR-25 reports that Постанова № 770, таблиці I to IV, consolidated text read on 20 September 2026, was searched for this cannabinoid under its own name and its two letter abbreviation with no printed heading matched, and that the near entry it inspected and rejected was «Канабіс, рослина» at CAS 8063-14-7, the plant heading. Rejecting the plant heading for an isolated molecule is right. The comparison it did not make is the one that matters: the same list prints тетрагідроканабінол at CAS 5957-75-5, so Ukraine does schedule an isolated cannabinoid by name, and whether that heading is drafted to one compound or to a bounded group of cannabinoids was never read. The placement of this oxidation product is open. The absence also rests on a search in the wrong script. The logged terms are "kanabinol", a South Slavic transliteration, and the two letter abbreviation, both Latin, against an annex recorded as printed in Cyrillic. Nothing could have matched, so the untested comparison with the isolated cannabinoid heading is the whole of what this row leaves open.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Ukrainian criminal law has no death penalty. The trade article the source names is Кримінальний кодекс України, стаття 307, twelve years of imprisonment as the ceiling at its third part, with no life sentence in the article. Those follow a listed heading, and record UKR-25 matched none for this molecule, so наказ МОЗ № 188 has no band to key to it. The practical risk is different from the legal one: material containing this cannabinoid usually also contains the compound printed at CAS 5957-75-5 or derives from the plant at CAS 8063-14-7, and either of those would engage a band on its own terms. The source names no separate possession article. Separately from that, and carried forward from this site's published Ukraine entry rather than re-derived from the Code in this pass, the published penalties are these. Personal use of a small amount is administrative under article 44 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, a fine of 25 to 50 tax free minimum incomes, 20 to 60 hours of community service, or administrative arrest of up to 15 days. Above small, personal use under article 309 is criminal, a fine, correctional labour of up to two years, or restriction of liberty of up to five years, rising to up to three years where aggravated or large and up to eight years where a minor is involved. Trafficking or sale under article 307 draws four to twelve years with property forfeiture. Smuggling under article 305 draws five to eight years, and up to eight to ten years aggravated. The published entry records the small, large and especially large quantity thresholds as very low, and that trace amounts have triggered article 309. Drug use itself, other than in public, is not criminal there. Every figure in this paragraph is a penalty range or a fine and none of them is a quantity threshold. Whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established, so they are recorded as Ukraine's published drug penalties and not as this row's exposure.

Bahrain

Legal status: Controlled. Cannabinol is reached, where it is obtained from the plant, through the extracts and tinctures of cannabis limb of the Group I Schedule 1 cannabis entry, cannabinol being the oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol rather than one of the six isomers the Group II Schedule 1 list prints, and dronabinol in Group II Schedule 2 is the delta-9 compound and not this one. The entry relied on reads «Cannabis and cannabis resin and extracts and tinctures of cannabis» in Group I Schedule 1 of the annex, in Bahrain's Law 15 of 2007. Under its own name it is not named in any of the twelve tables, so the answer here rests on that other entry rather than on a listing of its own.
Consequences if caught: Article 30(a) of Law 15 of 2007 punishes trafficking conduct in the narcotic drugs of Group I Schedules 1, 2, 3 and 4, the psychotropic substances of Group II Schedule 1 and the plants of Group I Schedule 5 by death or life imprisonment. The same paragraph adds a fine of not less than 5,000 and not more than 50,000 Bahraini dinars. Article 30(b) makes the penalty death in five listed cases: a repeat offence, commission by a public official charged with fighting these crimes or with supervising or inspecting the substances, use of a person under twenty one, membership of or work for an international smuggling gang, and exploitation of authority or of a legal immunity. Article 31(a) sets not less than ten years for paid transport, for diverting a licensed supply, for supplying or facilitating use and for running a place for use, with a fine of not less than 3,000 and not more than 30,000 dinars, and Article 31(b) raises that to life imprisonment in the same five cases. Article 32 covers the same schedules where the purpose is personal use, with imprisonment and a fine of not more than 3,000 dinars, and sets not more than seven years with a fine of not more than 5,000 dinars where the purpose is neither trafficking nor personal use. Article 57 forbids a court applying Article 72 of the Penal Code to go below ten years on Article 30 or on Article 31(b). The Law states no quantity threshold anywhere, and no table states one for Cannabinol. Article 38 lets the court order treatment instead of punishment under Article 32 first paragraph for a proved addict, and Article 42 bars prosecution of a user who presents for treatment before being caught or charged. Article 49 of the Penal Code, Decree-Law No. 15 of 1976, attaches civil deprivation of 3 to 15 years to a felony, alongside death and imprisonment, its own wording being more than three years and not more than fifteen. Those figures are set out here because they describe the offences that this row's placement brings into play. Article 51 makes confiscation of the substance, the equipment and any vehicle prepared for the purpose mandatory in every case. Article 54 lets the court add permanent deportation of a foreign national to the sentence. Bahraini courts have passed drug death sentences, including in a 2019 smuggling case, and executions for drug offences have not been carried out, sentences being commonly commuted; that last point is carried forward from the cell this replaces and was not re-derived here.

Brunei

Legal status: Class A controlled drug. It sits in the First Schedule to the Misuse of Drugs Act, Chapter 27 of the Laws of Brunei Darussalam, Revised Edition 2013 (B.L.R.O. 2/2013) at Part I, which is headed Class A Drugs, and is named in its own right, as "Cannabinol".
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Cannabinol is a Class A drug, entered as "Cannabinol", so the Class A columns of the Second Schedule govern. Trafficking is defined very broadly by section 2 as "to sell, give, administer, transport, send, deliver or distribute", or to offer to do any of those, so passing a share to a friend is trafficking and not sharing. Trafficking under section 3 carries a maximum of 20 years and 15 strokes with a minimum of 5 years and 5 strokes. Possession for the purpose of trafficking under section 3A carries the same. Manufacture under section 4 carries a maximum of 30 years and 15 strokes with a minimum of 10 years and 5 strokes. Import or export under section 5 carries a maximum of 30 years and 15 strokes with a minimum of 5 years and 5 strokes. Simple possession under section 6(a) carries a maximum of 10 years, a fine of 20,000 Brunei dollars or both, rising to a minimum of 2 years on a second or subsequent conviction. Consumption under section 6(b) carries the same maximum with a minimum of 3 years on a second or subsequent conviction. Section 29(3) doubles the punishment for a second or subsequent offence under Part II other than section 6. Death is not available for this substance. It appears in no row of the specified drug column of the Second Schedule, which names only opium, morphine, diamorphine, cocaine, cannabis, cannabis resin, methylamphetamine and MDMA, and the Class A column carries no death entry against any offence. Where death does appear it is mandatory. Section 29(2) provides that the columns "show respectively the punishments to be imposed on a person convicted of the offence", and each death row gives death alone with no maximum, no minimum and no alternative. No provision of the Act confers a sentencing discretion on a capital conviction. The Act creates no sentence of life imprisonment. The phrase appears nowhere in its text, and the longest determinate term it reaches is 30 years. One defect in the Act bears on this. Section 29(2) describes a seven column table where the Second Schedule prints eight, because the Class D column was inserted by S 28/1994 without redrafting the subsection. So 29(2)(b), which attaches the specified quantity punishments, names the sixth column when the specified column is now the seventh. The subsection describes the contents of each column unmistakably, so the numbering is read purposively, but the capital penalties sit in the column the defect touches.
If prescribed / medical: Cannabinol is scheduled for prescribing purposes as follows. It sits in the Fourth Schedule to the Misuse of Drugs Regulations, Chapter 27, Rg 1, which attaches regulations 14(1), 15 and 28(1). There is no ordinary dispensing route. Lawful handling runs through a licence issued by the Minister under regulation 4, or through regulation 5. The Regulations print the entry as "Cannabinol". Regulation 11 requires the prescription to be indelible, signed and dated, with the dose and the total quantity written in both words and figures in the prescriber's own hand, and the name and address of both patient and prescriber. What was not checked for this cell is Brunei's medicines and poisons regime, which is a separate body of law that was not fetched. Absence from the Misuse of Drugs Act is not a statement that a substance is freely available.

Iran

Legal status: Cannabinol has no entry of its own in Iran’s recovered drug instruments: it is not named in the Anti-Narcotics Law, in the narcotics-list decree of 1338/05/02, or in any of the four psychotropic schedules, taking the Anti-Narcotics Law of 1367/08/03, which is 25 October 1988, as the publisher’s consolidation carries it, with its 1376, 1380, 1389, 1396 and 1399 amendments, meaning 1997, 2001, 2010, 2017 and 2020, and the fine revision of 1403/03/30, which is 19 June 2024, and the four psychotropic schedules as those schedules stand after the Cabinet decision of 1384/09/13, which is 4 December 2005, both read on 22 September 2026. Entry 27 of Schedule 1 reaches tetrahydrocannabinol and its isomers, and cannabinol is the fully aromatised oxidation product with two hydrogens fewer, so it is not an isomer of the named substance. That last step is this cell’s own reading of the word isomer and not a separate Iranian ruling. The additional list that Articles 4, 8 and 46 leave to Parliament was not recovered, so this does not rule out a later parliamentary listing or a Ministry of Health designation under Article 1 note 1.
Consequences if caught: Nothing in this cell should be read as saying the substance is permitted. The recovered instruments place it nowhere, and two designation routes remain open that could not be read: the parliamentary list that Articles 4, 8 and 46 contemplate, and the Ministry of Health announcement power in Article 1 note 1. Iran keeps the death penalty for drug offences and uses it. Article 45, added by the Act of 1396/07/12, which is 4 October 2017, and approved by the Guardian Council on 1396/07/26, which is 18 October 2017, reaches only offences that already carry death or life imprisonment under this Law, and its paragraph (t) sets the quantity limb: «کلیه جرائم موضوع ماده (4) این قانون مشروط بر اینکه بیش از پنجاه کیلوگرم باشد و مواد موضوع ماده (8) این قانون مشروط بر اینکه بیش از دو کیلوگرم باشد و در خصوص سایر جرائم موضوع ماده (8) در صورتی‌که بیش از سه کیلوگرم باشد». The quantities are more than 50 kilograms for Article 4 offences, more than 2 kilograms for the Article 8 supply limb, and more than 3 kilograms for the other Article 8 offences of buying, keeping, concealing or transporting, which is how the Head of the Judiciary circular of 1396/10/16, meaning 6 January 2018, reads that paragraph at its own paragraph 7. Below those quantities the older capital wording does not lapse by itself, because Article 45 converts a former death case to grade one imprisonment of up to thirty years and a former life case to grade two imprisonment, with confiscation of drug proceeds in both. The money runs beside that conversion: a grade one fine up to twice its minimum for the former death case and a grade two fine for the former life case. Paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Article 45 carry no quantity floor at all, and reach an offender who drew or carried a weapon, a ringleader, a financial backer or investor, an offender who used a person under eighteen or a person lacking capacity, and an offender with a final prior conviction under this Law for death, life or more than fifteen years. Advisory opinion 7/99/136 applies paragraph (c) to the transport of 80 grams of heroin and to the possession of 200 kilograms of opium, which is why a weight under two kilograms is not a safe limit. At least 503 drug related executions were recorded in 2024 and 471 in 2023, roughly half of all executions and carried out by hanging, which the US Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor reports and Harm Reduction International and Amnesty International corroborate. A second figure of 485 for 2024 also sits in this project’s earlier Iran records, unattributed there, and the two were not reconciled, so both are printed rather than one being chosen. Those figures are set out here because whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established.

Laos

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Laos's authorities (Lao Penal Code Art 146; Law on Narcotics No. 22/NA) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Lao sources (Lao Penal Code 2017, Art 146; Law on Narcotics No. 22/NA of 2012), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. The Art 146 death thresholds are stated for heroin/morphine/cocaine (more than 500 g) and amphetamines/methamphetamine/ecstasy/psychotropics (more than 3 kg). [retained; abolitionist in practice, no executions since 1989, routine commutation] The death penalty is retained for drugs (Penal Code Art 146), and some sources describe it as MANDATORY above the thresholds [reported], but NO executions have been carried out since 1989 and commutation is routine (e.g. the Orobator case, where a pregnant defendant caught with 680 g of heroin received life, not death).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Laos (a Golden Triangle state where about 90% of death-row sentences are drug-related, with roughly 315 people on death row) retains the death penalty for drugs under the Lao Penal Code (2017, Art 146, consolidating the earlier Penal Law and the Law on Narcotics No. 22/NA of 2012). Death applies to producing, distributing, possessing or transporting more than 500 g of heroin, morphine or cocaine; more than 3,000 g (3 kg) of amphetamines, methamphetamine, ecstasy or other psychotropics; or more than 10,000 g of drug precursors. Some sources describe the death penalty as MANDATORY above these thresholds [reported], but it is abolitionist in practice, NO executions have been carried out since 1989, and commutation is routine (e.g. the Orobator case, where a pregnant defendant caught with 680 g of heroin received life, not death). Personal-use possession is graduated: for heroin, morphine or cocaine, less than 0.2 g is treated as a victim needing treatment and 0.2-2 g draws 2-10 years plus a fine; for methamphetamine or ecstasy, less than 0.3 g is treated as a victim and 0.3-3 g draws 1-5 years; using a marijuana-smoking service draws 3 months, 5 years. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Lao Penal Code (2017), Art 146, consolidating Penal Law Art 146 + Law on Narcotics No. 22/NA (2012) · laoofficialgazette.gov.la · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Myanmar

Legal status: Not confirmed. cannabinol is not named in Notification 24/2025 or Notification 25/2025, as searched. Apart from the poppy, coca and cannabis plants, or a plant the Ministry has declared, and what is derived or extracted from them, which section 2(a)(i) makes narcotic drugs on the Law's own words, section 2 confers status only by notification. Whether cannabinol is a substance derived or extracted from the cannabis plant was not settled on the texts read, so its status is not confirmed here.
Consequences if caught: Not established. The status of cannabinol in Myanmar was not established on this record, so no offence, penalty band, quantity threshold or capital position is stated for it here. A penalty attaches through a placement, and this row does not prove one. That is not a finding that cannabinol is lawful in Myanmar, and the absence of a penalty in this cell is not a statement that there is none.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol in Myanmar. The status was not established on this record, so there is no placement for a medical route, an import permit or a personal medicine allowance to attach to, and none is asserted here.
Documentation: No documentation requirement is stated for cannabinol in Myanmar, because the status it would depend on was not established on this record. Nothing in this cell is advice on carrying, declaring or importing it.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, SLORC Law 1/93, sections 2, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 28 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/legal/344 | The Law Amending the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law 6/2018, items 3, 20, 22, 25 and 27 · https://www.mfiu.gov.mm/sites/default/files/document/files/The%20Law%20Amending%20the%20Narcotic%20Drugs%20and%20Psychotropic%20Substances%20Law%202018.pdf | Notification 24/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/503 | Notification 25/2025 · https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm/en/legal/504 | placement for Cannabinol: searched in both notifications, no entry established · Updated October 5, 2026

Oman

Legal status: Not confirmed. The dossier records «سجل البحث الخاص بـ cannabinol: بُحث الاسم والمرادفات والاسم الكيميائي حتى آخر صفحة من الملحق؛ لم يوجد قيد اسمي مطابق، ولم يمكن إغلاق مدى عبارات مستخلصات القنب أو متماكبات THC على هذه المادة.», that is, no exact entry for cannabinol in the annex to Royal Decree 67/2026, and that the cannabis extract or tetrahydrocannabinol isomer wording of the annex could not be closed on cannabinol. Whether that wording reaches cannabinol is not settled by the source read.
Consequences if caught: Not established. The status of cannabinol in Oman was not established on this record, so no offence, penalty band, quantity threshold or capital position is stated for it here. A penalty attaches through a placement, and this row does not prove one. That is not a finding that cannabinol is lawful in Oman, and the absence of a penalty in this cell is not a statement that there is none.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol in Oman. The status was not established on this record, so there is no placement for a medical route, an import permit or a personal medicine allowance to attach to, and none is asserted here.
Documentation: No documentation requirement is stated for cannabinol in Oman, because the status it would depend on was not established on this record. Nothing in this cell is advice on carrying, declaring or importing it. Where the rule comes from. The law changed in September 2026. Royal Decree 67/2026 was issued on 3 September 2026. Its Article III repeals the Law on Combating Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances issued by Royal Decree 17/99, and its Article IV brings the decree, and with it the new law, into force on the day after its publication in the Official Gazette. Decree.om and the dossier this cell was authored from both record that publication as issue 1664 of 6 September 2026, so the law took effect on 7 September 2026. Article II keeps existing regulations and decisions running until replacements issue, «وإلى أن تصدر يستمر العمل باللوائح والقرارات القائمة، بما لا يتعارض مع أحكامه», so far as they do not conflict with its provisions. The decree's own articles were read in the text the Oman News Agency published on 3 September 2026. The attached law and its annex were read only through the verbatim quotations in the dossier dated 20 September 2026, because on 3 October 2026 qanoon.om served a Cloudflare challenge in place of the text, the web archive held no copy, and decree.om carried the decree's Articles I to IV and its Gazette reference but not the attached law, which it said would be uploaded shortly. Article 5 of the law, as that dossier quotes it, provides «يجوز بقرار من الوزير تعديل المجموعات الملحقة بهذا القانون بالحذف أو الإضافة أو تغيير النسب أو الكميات كلما اقتضت الضرورة ذلك», the Minister may by decision amend the annexed groups by deletion, by addition or by changing percentages or quantities whenever necessary. It takes the place of article 4 of the 1999 law, «يجوز بقرار من الوزير تعديل المجموعات الملحقة بهذا القانون بالحذف أو الإضافة أو تغيير النسب كلما اقتضت الظروف ذلك», which gave the same power without the word for quantities and with «الظروف», circumstances, where the 2026 text has «الضرورة», necessity. So a reading of the annex is a reading as of a date, and this one runs to 20 September 2026. Under the 1999 law this page recorded: in no table read. The 1999 placements in this cell are this page's earlier reading and are not printed in the quoted extract the dossier carries for this row.

Bulgaria

Legal status: Not listed. Cannabinol is not a named entry of Списък I, Списък II or Списък III of the Наредба за реда за класифициране на растенията и веществата като наркотични. The forms searched in the Bulgarian text were «Канабинол», «CBN», in the running text and again with all whitespace removed so that a name broken across lines could not read as an absence. The string appears in the lists only inside longer names, tetrahydrocannabinol, dimethylheptyl tetrahydrocannabinol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol among them. There is no row whose name is cannabinol. This is an absence from the lists and not a statement that the substance is free of Bulgarian law: чл. 4, ал. 2 of the Закон за контрол върху наркотичните вещества и прекурсорите applies the same control measures to preparations and to analogues, and § 1, т. 17 defines the analogue as «"Аналог" означава всяко вещество, което не е включено в списъците по чл. 3, ал. 2, но има сходен химически строеж с някое наркотично вещество и предизвиква аналогично действие върху човешкия организъм.» so an unlisted molecule that is chemically close to a listed one can still be reached. Whether this substance is such an analogue was not established here. The absence is stated as those lists stand after Постановление № 49 of 8 May 2025, which is the last amendment to the наредба recorded by the Council of Ministers legal information system.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Bulgaria is in the European Union and the death penalty was abolished in 1998, so no Bulgarian drug provision carries one. The figures in the rest of this paragraph are carried forward from the live Bulgaria cell and were not re-derived in this pass. Possession is not subject to a formal personal-use threshold. Penal Code article 354a(5) lets a judge impose a fine up to about 1,000 leva (about €511) for insignificant quantities, but it remains a criminal conviction. Standard possession of high-risk drugs draws 1 to 6 years. A 2,000 to 10,000 leva fine runs alongside that band. Possession of moderate-risk drugs draws up to 5 years. Trafficking under article 354a draws 2 to 8 years for high-risk drugs and 1 to 6 years for moderate-risk drugs. It rises to up to 15 years for aggravated or particularly large amounts. Cultivation of opium poppy, coca or cannabis is prohibited by article 354c. The high-risk and moderate-risk split those bands run on is drawn by Penal Code articles 354a, 354b and 354c together with the Law on Control of Narcotic Substances and Precursors, the ЗКНВП. Those are Penal Code provisions rather than наредба provisions, and this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Bulgaria's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.
If prescribed / medical: Чл. 58, ал. 1 of the Закон за контрол върху наркотичните вещества и прекурсорите lets a person in transit or temporarily in the country hold medicinal products containing narcotic substances «от списъците по чл. 3, ал. 2, т. 2 и 3» only for treatment and in quantities no greater than 30 days of treatment, and чл. 58, ал. 2 requires a foreign national to hold a document issued by the competent authorities of the country where the treatment was prescribed. A substance outside all three списъци is not one of the products that allowance is written for, so neither the 30 day rule nor the чл. 59 permit for taking narcotic medicines abroad is the route for Cannabinol. If it is a prescription medicine where you are travelling from, carry the prescription and the original dispensing packaging, and treat the absence from the lists as an absence rather than as permission. Confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Lithuania

Legal status: Cannabinol is not listed in the Lithuanian narcotic and psychotropic lists. Health Minister Order No. 5 is the list that Criminal Code article 269(1) adopts as the Code's drug definition, and no entry for cannabinol was found in it. The source records the Lithuanian language search run for this row and the terms used: kanabinolis; cannabinol; CBN. Both Order No. 5 and Order V-239 were searched, and all four schedules of the order were covered. The search was run in Lithuanian rather than in English, which matters because the order is printed in Lithuanian and an English search returns a false absence. The chain has four links and each one matters. The Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Control Law, at article 4, delegates classification to the Ministry of Health. Health Minister Order No. 5 of 6 January 2000 is the resulting list and carries Schedules I to IV. Criminal Code article 269(1) makes those ministerial lists the Criminal Code's own drug definition. Criminal Code article 269(2) then sends the quantity question to ministerial recommendations, and Health Minister Order V-239 of 23 April 2003 supplies the figures. This reading is stated as in force on 18 September 2026. The current consolidation of Order No. 5 begins on 18 June 2025 and the current consolidation of Order V-239 begins on the same day; the Control Law edition read includes the changes effective 1 November 2025 and the Criminal Code edition read was effective 3 July 2026. An absence is a statement about a list at a moment, and this one is stated as at that consolidation and no later.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Lithuania has no death penalty and no life sentence for a drug offence, and in any event none of the drug penalties reach cannabinol, because articles 259 and 260 attach to the substances in Order No. 5 and cannabinol is not one of them. The 15 year ceiling under Criminal Code article 260(3) is therefore not assigned on this record, and Order V-239 prints no small, large or very large amount for cannabinol. If a controlled constituent is proved in a given material, that constituent's own table row governs and this row does not.
If prescribed / medical: There is no controlled substance prescription question for cannabinol in Lithuania, because Order No. 5 does not carry it and the Control Law's licensing machinery follows that order. Whether cannabinol is available on prescription, over the counter or on general sale is a question for the Lithuanian medicines regime, which this row did not audit. The State Medicines Control Agency of Lithuania is the body that answers it. Treat the supply route for cannabinol as unread rather than as open.
Documentation: Carry cannabinol as the Lithuanian medicines regime allows and do not read this row as a carriage permission, because a substance that is off the controlled lists is not thereby free to cross a border. That is the carriage answer for cannabinol and it is deliberately narrow. No traveller permit scheme, declaration form or carriage allowance for cannabinol appears in what was read here. Provenance follows. Order No. 5 and Order V-239 were searched in Lithuanian on the official Register of Legal Acts on 18 September 2026 and no entry was found. The final rows of the quantity annex were read: Schedule IV ends at item 402, isopropyl nitrite, after the nitrous oxide, gamma-butyrolactone and other alkyl nitrite entries, so the search reached the end of the instrument rather than stopping at the older Schedule III drug list.

Estonia

Legal status: Cannabinol is not listed in the Estonian narcotic and psychotropic schedule. No entry for cannabinol was located in Lists I to VI of Annex 1. Cannabinol is not separately listed, and a product can still be caught through the cannabinoids that are listed. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act prohibition therefore does not attach to cannabinol by name. This rests on the compiler's statement that no entry appears in Annex 1 to Minister of Social Affairs Regulation No 73, and the source records no search terms for this row, so the absence is weaker evidence than a recorded query would be. This reading is stated as in force on 18 September 2026, the day the instruments were read, and the schedule review covers the amendment effective 31 December 2024. An absence is a statement about a list at a moment, and this one is stated as at that date and no later.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Estonia has no death penalty and none of the drug penalties reach cannabinol, because those penalties attach to the narcotic schedule and cannabinol is not on it. The Penal Code drug ceiling of life imprisonment under section 184(2) with a superscript one is therefore not assigned on this record, and neither is the large quantity test at section 3(1)(3) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act. That is not a statement that cannabinol is unregulated. It is a statement that the narcotic offence scale is not the instrument that regulates it, and any penalty attaches under the regime that does.
If prescribed / medical: There is no narcotic prescription question for cannabinol in Estonia, because the narcotic schedule does not carry it. The governing regime is no regime named in what was read, which is a gap rather than a permission. Whether cannabinol is available on prescription, over the counter, or on general sale is a question for that regime, and this row did not audit it. The State Agency of Medicines is the body that answers it for a medicine. Treat the supply route for cannabinol as unread rather than as open.
Documentation: Carry cannabinol as the governing regime allows and do not rely on this row for a carriage permission, because a substance that is off the narcotic schedule is not thereby free to cross a border. That is the carriage answer for cannabinol and it is deliberately narrow. No traveller permit scheme, declaration form or carriage allowance for cannabinol appears in what was read here, and an absence in what was read is not proof that no scheme exists. Provenance follows. Annex 1 to Minister of Social Affairs Regulation No 73 was read on 18 September 2026 on Riigi Teataja, the official state gazette, and the source states that no entry appears in Lists I to VI. It records no search terms for this row, which is a limit on how strong that absence can be taken to be.

Estonia, Cannabinol, provenance carried from the source compilation, which read Riigi Teataja, the official state gazette of the Republic of Estonia · Updated September 20, 2026

Latvia

Legal status: Cannabinol is controlled in Latvia. The controlling instrument is Annex 2 to the law on the entry into force and application of the Criminal Law, and section 3(2) of the Circulation Law points to it expressly, which is why the former Cabinet Regulation No. 847 is not the current list. Annex 2 names cannabinol directly. The entry reads «dibenzopirāni», which is dibenzopyrans. The entry sits at item 11(10) of Annex 2, in Schedule I, which covers prohibited especially dangerous narcotic and equivalent psychotropic substances and plants. Control extends to specified derivatives, isomers, structural analogues, active metabolites, salts, medicines, plant preparations and mixtures under Circulation Law sections 3(3)(5), 3(3)(6) and 3(4) read with Annex 2 paragraphs 2 and 3. This reading is stated as in force on 18 September 2026. Annex 2 identifies its current version as the 29 April 2021 text, as amended to 13 November 2025, with the cited 2025 change taking effect on 1 December 2025.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Latvia has no death penalty and no life sentence for a drug offence, so neither is available for cannabinol. The ceiling is 15 years under subsection (3) of Criminal Law section 253 with a superscript one, which is reached by an organised group, a large amount, serious consequences, sale to a minor, or sale at specified public or educational venues. The scale runs from an administrative penalty to fifteen years. Circulation Law section 48(1) makes unauthorised acquisition or possession in a small amount, or unauthorised use, punishable by a warning or 10 to 56 fine units, and section 48(3) requires a written warning about criminal liability if it happens again within a year. Criminal Law section 253(1) covers handling without intent to sell at up to 3 years, and section 253(2) reaches 3 to 10 years for a group or a large amount. The sale provision, numbered 253 with a superscript one, covers sale-purpose conduct and sale at 2 to 8 years in its subsection (1), reaches 3 to 10 years in its subsection (2), and reaches 5 to 15 years in its subsection (3). Annex 2 prints the two cut-offs for this entry: the amount up to which a quantity is recognised as small is 0,003 g, and the amount from which a quantity is recognised as large is 1 g. The printed small ceiling and the printed large floor are not the same boundary. A quantity above the small ceiling but below the large floor is neither small nor large under those two columns, and falls into the ordinary band between them.
If prescribed / medical: Latvia places cannabinol in the prohibited schedule, so there is no ordinary prescription route. Schedule I of Annex 2 covers prohibited especially dangerous narcotic and equivalent psychotropic substances and plants, and that placement is the strongest control the annex carries. Authorised scientific or forensic handling runs through the Circulation Law licensing provisions rather than through a prescription. Whether such an authorisation could cover cannabinol was not audited for this row and is a question for the State Agency of Medicines of Latvia.

Slovenia

Legal status: Not confirmed, and the honest reason is that the one entry that reads as though it were this substance was rejected on inspection, because its chemical identity is the dimethylheptyl homologue and not cannabinol, and the search that was run did not settle how the molecule is treated across the Slovenian hemp, food and medicinal product regimes. The search behind this row covered the terms kanabinol and CBN across all three groups of the annex to the Uredba o razvrstitvi prepovedanih drog on 20 September 2026. This cell does not assert that the substance is outside Slovenian control and it does not assert that it is inside it.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Slovenia has abolished the death penalty and no Slovenian drug offence carries one, so this is a settled country level fact and not a reading of where any substance sits on the list. The exposure that does attach runs on three provisions. Personal use is handled under article 33 of the Production of and Trade in Illicit Drugs Act, the ZPPPD, which treats a smaller quantity held for one time personal use as a minor offence and carries a fine of roughly 42 to 209 euro, reduced or remitted where the person enters approved treatment. That article states no gram figure at all and it is a lighter route rather than a lawful possession allowance. Trafficking and manufacture fall under article 186 of the Criminal Code, the KZ-1, at one to ten years, rising to three to fifteen years on the aggravated limbs for organised conduct or conduct involving minors or vulnerable persons, and fifteen years under article 186, paragraphs 2 and 3, is the drug offence ceiling in Slovenian law. Facilitating consumption falls under article 187 at six months to twelve years. Whether those three provisions reach this substance at all is exactly what is unresolved here, so nothing on this row should be read as saying that they do or that they do not.
If prescribed / medical: The source read for this cell carries no prescription column, so no substance specific Slovenian medical route is stated here and none is assumed. The country level traveller rule is the one the source does state: Groups II and III of the annex can include medicines, and lawful travel still turns on the applicable prescription, the original dispensing packaging and any Schengen or Slovenian certificate that is required, with a foreign brand assessed through its proved active ingredients rather than its name. This row has no settled placement in the annex, so there is no group to attach and the medical route is deferred with the status itself.
Documentation: Carry any controlled medicine in its original dispensing packaging with the prescription, and carry a Schengen certificate where one is required for the substance and the length of stay. Confirm the requirement with the Slovenian embassy or consulate before travelling rather than at the border, and be ready to show the active ingredient, since a foreign brand name is assessed in Slovenia through its proved ingredients and not through the name on the box. For this row nothing was settled either way, so carry documentation on the assumption that the substance may be controlled, and treat the reading date of 20 September 2026 as the limit of what was checked. The annex to the Uredba o razvrstitvi prepovedanih drog was read on 20 September 2026. The dossier read for this cell names no edition and no amendment date for that annex, so the horizon of this cell is the reading date and nothing later, and this does not rule out a later amendment. The list moves by amendment of the Uredba itself, because article 2 of the Uredba makes the annex a constituent part of the regulation, so the Criminal Code can stay untouched while the names on the list change.

Serbia

Legal status: Not confirmed. The status of cannabinol in Serbia is open and this cell does not close it. The dossier records a complete list negative search across Lista 1 to 7 of the Spisak psihoaktivnih kontrolisanih supstanci, Službeni glasnik RS 12/2026, for «kanabinol; CBN; Cannabidiol; THC», with the final Lista 7 row and the salts clauses checked, and no exact printed row was accepted. Two near comparisons were rejected, on the ground that both are different cannabinoids from the one this row names. One of those two does not survive the dossier's own record. The row in this same dossier for that comparator is itself an absence record, so it is not shown to be a listed entry at all and cannot function as evidence of what the list holds. The delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol placement the dossier carries is at Lista 4 red 47(d) under CAS 5957-75-5. That internal contradiction is why the near comparison field is treated throughout this batch as a record of what was searched for rather than as a list of schedule entries. The outcome is recorded as not verified, and that is a statement about what the search found rather than a finding that Serbia leaves cannabinol uncontrolled. What remains open is whether an isomers or analogues clause attached to the cannabinoid rows reaches this one although no row names it. The Serbian strings here are the dossier's record in Latin script and are not offered as the Cyrillic wording of the Službeni glasnik RS.
Consequences if caught: Not established. The status of cannabinol in Serbia was not established on this record, so no offence, penalty band, quantity threshold or capital position is stated for it here. A penalty attaches through a placement, and this row does not prove one. That is not a finding that cannabinol is lawful in Serbia, and the absence of a penalty in this cell is not a statement that there is none.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol in Serbia. The status was not established on this record, so there is no placement for a medical route, an import permit or a personal medicine allowance to attach to, and none is asserted here.
Documentation: No documentation requirement is stated for cannabinol in Serbia, because the status it would depend on was not established on this record. Nothing in this cell is advice on carrying, declaring or importing it.

Serbia, complete list negative search across Lista 1 to 7 of the Spisak psihoaktivnih kontrolisanih supstanci annexed to the Pravilnik o utvrđivanju Spiska psihoaktivnih kontrolisanih supstanci, Službeni glasnik RS 12/2026, Član 2, for the term «kanabinol · CBN · Cannabidiol · Updated October 4, 2026

Iraq

Legal status: Controlled in the cannabis forms Schedule One names, and as an isolate it is not named in any Iraqi schedule. Serial 22 covers «CANNABIS and CANNABIS RESIN and EXTRACTS and TINCTURES OF CANNABIS», so material in those forms is caught whatever its cannabinol content. This placement is stated as those schedules stand after Statement 347 of 2025 of 17 November 2025, the Official Gazette having been checked to issue 4881 of 14 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Cannabinol is not an isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol, so the Schedule One isomer clause and the serial 118 isomer list do not reach a pure cannabinol isolate. Article 1, Tenth, defines a preparation as any solid or liquid mixture containing a narcotic, read in accordance with the annexed schedules, which is what carries a preparation containing a listed substance. Under the Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Law No. 50 of 2017, Article 27 punishes importing, bringing in or exporting, producing or manufacturing, and cultivating a producing plant, in each case with intent to trade, by death or life imprisonment. Trafficking possession of a Schedule One substance carries life or a term of imprisonment under Article 28, First. The fine on that offence runs from 10,000,000 to 30,000,000 Iraqi dinars. Possession, purchase, import, production or cultivation for personal use carries one to three years under Article 32. The fine on personal use runs from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 Iraqi dinars. Article 27 keys on the act rather than on a weight, and the law sets no gram threshold for it. These figures describe the offences that this row's placement brings into play. Iraq enforces the drug death penalty in practice: 144 drug-trafficking death sentences were issued in 2024, a figure carried forward here from the previous cell and not re-derived, on the authority of the US State Department and Iraqi court statements reported by 964media and The New Region.
If prescribed / medical: No recognised medical use and no lawful prescription route in Iraq.
Documentation: A cannabinol product that is or derives from cannabis extract is caught by serial 22 regardless of how it is labelled. Running or preparing a place for drug use is Article 28, Fourth, of this law; it is not a Penal Code Article 288 offence. Allowing another person to use drugs on premises of yours carries six months to two years under Article 33, First, with a fine of 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 Iraqi dinars. A doctor who writes a prescription for other than medical treatment faces not less than three months detention or a fine of 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 Iraqi dinars and a one year ban on practice under Article 31. Article 1 defines the ten schedules as the lists adopted by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1988 United Nations Convention against illicit traffic, each with its amendments, and Article 49, Second, is how Iraq amends them. Article 50 repeals Narcotics Law No. 68 of 1965, so the 1965 law is not the governing Act. Harm Reduction International reported 140 drug death sentences in Iraq between January and August 2024, a figure carried forward here and not re-derived. The US State Department has reported personal-use sentences of up to 15 years, which is longer than the Article 32 range and is carried forward here as that department reported it rather than re-derived from the statute. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with the Iraqi embassy before travel.

Jordan

Legal status: Whether Cannabinol is currently scheduled under Law No. 23 of 2016, the Jordanian narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances law, is not established, and this cell says so rather than choosing a side. The substance-specific search is recorded as «سجل البحث الخاص بـ cannabinol: بُحثت الأسماء والمرادفات والصيغة الكيميائية ولم يُعثر على قيد مطابق في ملف 29-12-2025؛ وتعذر فحص متن ملف 16-09-2026.», an item-specific search record for Cannabinol: the names, synonyms and chemical formula were searched, no matching entry was found in the 29 December 2025 file, and the body of the 16 September 2026 file could not be examined. The terms run were Cannabinol, CBN and the cannabinol chemical name. This row turns on a string that is a trap for a text search: the word stem appears inside tetrahydrocannabinol, which is scheduled, and every such hit was reviewed and rejected as THC rather than CBN. No exact cannabinol entry was found. The gap is procedural rather than interpretive. The Jordan Food and Drug Administration names a current schedules file dated 16 September 2026 whose body could not be retrieved, so the last fully searchable official text is the consolidation updated 29 December 2025. Absence from a schedule is not a finding of legality in Jordan, because article 14(a) reaches «... من غير المواد المنصوص عليها في الجداول المرفقة بهذا القانون بقصد أحداث التخدير أو أي إثر آخر ضار بالعقل.», substances other than those specified in the schedules attached to this Law taken with intent to cause intoxication or another harmful effect on the mind. Schedules also move. Article 37 provides «لمجلس الوزراء بناء على تنسيب الوزير إجراء تعديل على أي من الجداول الملحقة بهذا القانون بحذف أي مادة منه أو إضافة أي مادة أخرى اليه أو تعديل النسب أو المواصفات أو الشروط الخاصة والمتعلقة بأي منها على ان يتم نشر ذلك في الجريدة الرسمية.», so the Council of Ministers may add a substance by a decision published in the Official Gazette.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. The tetrahydrocannabinol isomers are scheduled and cannabinol is a different compound whose name happens to sit inside theirs, so the placement that the penalty depends on is still open and two branches follow. If cannabinol is genuinely unscheduled, article 14 of Law No. 23 of 2016 supplies non-capital possession, use and trafficking routes, with no weight threshold and with neither life imprisonment nor death available. If a Council of Ministers decision under article 37 has added it to a schedule since the last searchable consolidation, articles 19 and 20 reach it in the ordinary way. Article 19(a) sets temporary hard labour of not less than fifteen years and a fine of ten thousand to twenty thousand Jordanian dinars for dealing conduct committed «بقصد الاتجار», with intent to traffic. Article 19(b) then provides «تكون العقوبة الأشغال الشاقة المؤبدة», and the indicative verb makes life imprisonment mandatory once a listed aggravator is proved. Article 20 provides «يعاقب بالإعدام», death, mandatory on its own wording where the international drug gang or international criminal activity trigger is present, and at any quantity. Stating one branch as the answer would be a guess. A traveller should read the harsher branch, and on this row there is a second reason to: cannabinol occurs in aged cannabis material, and the plant and its resin and extracts are themselves scheduled, so the container rather than the molecule may settle the case.

Syria

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Syria's authorities (Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Syrian sources (Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993, Legislative Decree, Arts 39/43), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Syria (Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993, Legislative Decree), trafficking, cultivation or manufacture is punishable by DEATH (Art 39); a user draws 3-15 years (Art 43); possession not for trafficking draws up to 1 year plus a fine up to 5,000 SYP; trafficking draws life plus a 1-5 million SYP fine. Death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate). [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Syria is retentionist on paper, death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate), but enforcement is opaque amid the conflict, and a September 2019 amnesty reduced some death sentences to life. Active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Syria (Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993, Legislative Decree), trafficking, cultivation or manufacture is punishable by DEATH (Art 39); a user draws 3-15 years (Art 43); possession not for trafficking draws up to 1 year plus a fine up to 5,000 SYP; trafficking draws life plus a 1-5 million SYP fine. Death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate). There is no medical cannabis. [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Syria is retentionist on paper, death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate), but enforcement is opaque amid the conflict, and a September 2019 amnesty reduced some death sentences to life. Active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993 (Legislative Decree), Arts 39/43 · corroborated by Harm Reduction International, CountryReports and NPA Syria · sherloc.unodc.org · hri.global · Updated July 14, 2026

Yemen

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Yemen's authorities (Law No. 3 of 1993) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Yemeni sources (Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, Arts 34/39), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Yemen (Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances), trafficking or cultivating schedule-V plants with intent to traffic is punishable by DEATH or 25 years (Art 34); possession not for trafficking draws a lesser penalty (Art 39). The penalty keys on INTENT, not a fixed statutory quantity, there is no fixed gram threshold. [retained; executions rare amid conflict] Yemen is retentionist, death applies for trafficking or cultivation with intent to traffic, but executions are rare amid the conflict. Active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Yemen (Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances), trafficking or cultivating schedule-V plants with intent to traffic is punishable by DEATH or 25 years (Art 34); possession not for trafficking draws a lesser penalty (Art 39). The penalty keys on INTENT, not a fixed statutory quantity, there is no fixed gram threshold; there is no medical cannabis. [retained; executions rare amid conflict] Yemen is retentionist, death applies for trafficking or cultivation with intent to traffic, but executions are rare amid the conflict. Active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, Arts 34/39 · corroborated by Harm Reduction International · sherloc.unodc.org · hri.global · Updated July 14, 2026

Libya

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Libya's authorities (Law No. 7 of 1990 as amended) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Libyan sources (Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, as amended), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Libya (Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, amended by Law No. 19 of 1994 and Law No. 19 of 1996), drugs are prohibited and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible. The specific death-penalty article number and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources (do not rely on a specific article or gram figure), verify; there is no fixed statutory quantity asserted here. [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Libya is on the drug-death-penalty retentionist list and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible under Law No. 7 of 1990 (as amended), but the specific death-penalty article and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources, verify the specific article before relying on it. Enforcement is opaque amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Libya (Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, amended by Law No. 19 of 1994 and Law No. 19 of 1996), drugs are prohibited and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible. The specific death-penalty article number and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources, verify the specific article before relying on it; there is no fixed statutory quantity asserted here, and there is no medical cannabis. [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Libya is on the drug-death-penalty retentionist list and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible under Law No. 7 of 1990 (as amended), but the specific death-penalty article and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources, verify the specific article before relying on it. Enforcement is opaque amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances (amended by Law No. 19 of 1994 and Law No. 19 of 1996) · corroborated by Human Rights Watch · security-legislation.ly · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Sudan

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Sudan's authorities (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Sudanese sources (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994, Arts 15/16/17), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Sudan (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994, Arts 15/16/17), the death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based, mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty. [retained for aggravated/recidivist trafficking; enforcement opaque] The death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based, mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty. Sudan is retentionist with a historical execution record (1994), but there is no reliable current execution stream amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Sudan (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994, Arts 15/16/17), the death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based, mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty, and there is no medical cannabis. [retained for aggravated/recidivist trafficking; enforcement opaque] The death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based, mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty. Sudan is retentionist with a historical execution record (1994), but there is no reliable current execution stream amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994, Arts 15/16/17 · Updated July 14, 2026

Albania

Legal status: Not confirmed. The search recorded for this row ran «kanabinol» and «CBN», written in the dossier as the complete list negative search «kanabinol; CBN», through every narcotic, psychotropic and plant table annexed to Ligji nr. 7975, datë 26.7.1995, për barnat narkotike, psikotrope dhe të kontrolluara and on to the final page of Ligji nr. 17/2026, and accepted no printed entry, no proved bounded class and no separate product regime. A completed search that accepts nothing records what was not found; it does not establish that cannabinol sits outside the tables, and it is not a statement that cannabinol is lawful to carry. The tables are read here as those tables stand after Ligji nr. 17/2026, the statute that last moved the list by adding substances to the 1971 Convention list annexed to Ligji nr. 7975, datë 26.7.1995, për barnat narkotike, psikotrope dhe të kontrolluara through its shtojca nr. 1, and that does not rule out a later addition under the same power. Treat the status as unsettled and settle it with the Albanian authorities before travelling.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Albania has abolished the death penalty and no offence in the Criminal Code, Ligji nr. 7895, datë 27.1.1995, carries it, so the abolition is a country level fact and does not turn on where a substance sits in the annexed tables. The drug offences are in that Code: article 283, the narcotics offence, whose first paragraph excludes personal use in a small dose; article 283/a, also cited as 283-a, the trafficking article; and article 284, the cultivation article for narcotic plants. The one figure the Albania dossier prints is the ceiling, twenty years, at article 283/a, second paragraph. The dossier records no numerical substance by substance table behind the small dose exclusion, so nothing in the statute fixes the weight at which a small dose stops being one, and a reduced offence or an exclusion from one trafficking paragraph is not a general lawful possession safe harbour. The figures that follow are carried forward from the Albania entry already published on this site and were not re-derived from the statute text in this pass. Under article 283 the published entry gives five to ten years for manufacturing, selling, transporting or keeping, rising to seven to fifteen years in complicity or on repeat and ten to twenty years for organising, managing or financing. Under article 283/a it gives seven to fifteen years for trafficking by import, export or transit, rising to ten to twenty in complicity or on repeat and fifteen years and above for organising or financing. Under article 283/b it gives three to seven years for facilitating intake or use by administering drugs. Under article 284 it gives three to seven years for cultivating narcotic plants, rising to five to ten in complicity or on repeat and ten to twenty for organising or financing. Those are penalty bands and nothing else: they are not quantities and they are not fines. They sit alongside the ceiling the dossier states, twenty years at article 283/a second paragraph, and this pass did not re-derive either, so whether the published ten to twenty and fifteen years and above limbs state that same ceiling in other words is not resolved here. Quantity is a separate question from any of those bands, and the published entry answers it the same way the dossier does: there is no statutory gram threshold. It records that the Supreme Court, in Decision 1 of 27 March 2008, defined small quantity as a single dose for that individual, decided case by case. Observed practice is a third thing again and it is reported rather than enacted. The published entry records that in practice low level users are still prosecuted under article 283, and that five year minimums have been seen even for roughly 0.4 to 1.9 g. That is a quantity seen in reported cases, not a threshold the statute sets. The published entry also records that personal possession may, in practice, be handled administratively under the Code of Misdemeanors article 121, with a fine of about 10,000 to 50,000 ALL. That is a money figure and not a quantity, and the published entry marks the path reported, not controlling. Whether those articles reach this row is exactly what the search on «kanabinol; CBN» did not settle, so the figures above are the exposure that would apply if a placement were established, and not a statement that it has been.

North Macedonia

Legal status: Not confirmed. The classification lists were searched for kanabinol; CBN across the narcotic, psychotropic and plant tables and through all 23 gazette pages including the signature page, and no printed entry was accepted. A delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol row is printed in the same lists at CAS 5957-75-5, and this source's own row for that isomer is at odds with itself: its search record says a tetrahydrocannabinol entry was accepted, while its quotation column prints a delta-8 specific name and a delta-8 specific registry number. Whether the lists carry a generic tetrahydrocannabinol limb or only that one isomer is the question that decides this row, and the source does not settle it. The search also ran on the cannabinol abbreviation and returned no printed row. The version read is the classification list published at Службен весник на РСМ бр. 104/2021, read as at 20 September 2026. The power that moves that list is член 21 став 2 of Закон за контрола на опојни дроги и психотропни супстанции, under which the minister of health adopts the lists, so the list can be replaced without the statute changing, and a later amendment is not ruled out by this reading.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. North Macedonia carries no death penalty, and the dossier read for this pass states that on all 88 of its rows. The drug offence itself is Article 215 of the Кривичен законик, which sits in the chapter on offences against people's health, chapter 21. On penalty: Article 215 carries three to ten years, and the lesser-quantity paragraph added in September 2009 carries six months to three years. Article 216 covers facilitating or enabling the use of drugs, and Article 217 covers causing severe bodily injury or health damage through the Article 215 and Article 216 offences. There is no separate personal-possession offence in the Code, and personal use is often charged under Article 215. On quantity, which is a different question from penalty and must not be read as the same one: small versus large quantity is not defined in the Code. Article 215(2) recognises a smaller quantity for the reduced offence but states no grams and creates no lawful allowance, so there is no statutory quantity band and no weight below which possession becomes lawful. The Public Prosecutor's internal guidelines set non-statutory cut-offs instead, and the reported working thresholds are around 2 g of cocaine, 2 g of heroin and 5 g of cannabis, above which intent to sell is presumed. That is reported prosecutorial practice and not statutory, and that hedge is part of the figure rather than a footnote to it. The penalty bands, the chapter 21 locator, Article 216 and Article 217, the absence of a separate possession offence and the reported thresholds are all carried forward from the published entry for this country and were not re-derived from the Кривичен законик or from any statute text in this pass. The dossier read for this pass records only a ten year ceiling at Article 215(1) and the bare existence of a reduced offence at Article 215(2), so the three year floor, the six months to three years band and the two neighbouring articles are the published entry's material and not the dossier's. Whether Article 215 engages at all for cannabinol depends on a placement this reading did not settle, so the bands above are stated as the bands of the offence and not as figures attached to this substance. What would have to be true for the article to reach it is a generic tetrahydrocannabinol limb in the lists rather than the single delta-8 row the reading actually shows. Nothing here should be read as saying the material is lawful: the reading records a search result and not a legality.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Legal status: Not confirmed. A route was recorded and rejected through a cannabinoid entry and isomer rules, which is a description rather than text the list prints. The list does print a tetrahydrocannabinol entry with an isomer limb, but this compound is the fully aromatic oxidised cannabinoid: it is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, it is not an isomer of one, and it does not share that molecule's formula. The substance the limb does reach on its face is delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol. The reading that produced this was made against the list attached to the 2006 Law, as consolidated through Official Gazette 56/26 with the remifentanil move at 58/26, read as at 20 September 2026, and reading it on that date does not rule out a later amendment, so this is an unresolved search result and not a finding that the substance is outside the list.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Criminal law in Bosnia and Herzegovina runs at state, entity and Brčko District level at once, and the sources read do not establish which code governs a given case: they name the applicable entity or Brčko criminal code without choosing between them, and the only code actually read is the Federation one, where drug trafficking sits at article 238 and the fixed-term ceiling is article 43, «Kazna zatvora ne može biti kraća od trideset dana ni duža od dvadeset godina.», thirty days at the bottom and twenty years at the top. Where in the country the conduct happens is therefore the first thing that has to be settled, and this answer does not settle it. Nothing attaches until a match is made, and the isomer limb that exists is attached to a different molecule. No quantity band applies on this record: a separate quantity instrument was searched alongside the list and returned no entry for this substance, so nothing in the national material read converts a weight into a tier. The penalty detail that follows is carried forward from this substance's own published entry on 2cb.com and was not re-derived from statute text in this pass, so it is reported as carried forward rather than asserted here: state-level Criminal Code article 195, illicit production and trafficking of narcotics, is charged for cross-entity or organized trafficking, with up to roughly 10 to 20 years for aggravated or organized forms and about 3 to 15 years base per secondary sources; possession for personal use is a misdemeanour under entity or district public-order law, for example the Brčko Law on Public Order article 31, a fine of about €250 to €750, with Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska equivalents, rather than the felony track, but each entity's criminal code can pursue felony charges for cultivation, sale, or possession beyond personal-use quantities; and the 2017 EUDA report notes the misdemeanour penalties do not vary by drug, recidivism or quantity. That published entry also states that the exact article and range a person faces depends on where in the country the offence occurs, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina versus Republika Srpska versus Brčko, that article 195 at state level is the anchor, and that entity-level article numbers not confirmed there are not pinned. Every figure in that carried-forward detail is a penalty range or a fine and not one of them is a quantity threshold: the published entry itself says there is no uniform statutory gram threshold distinguishing personal use from intent to sell and that it varies by entity, which is the same absence recorded above and not a contradiction of it.

Georgia

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not established as a scheduled substance in Georgia on this record, and it is not established as lawful either. The dossier's outcome is not verified and it holds an absence record against the annexes to Law No. 624: the search set was "kanabinol" and "CBN", run across the list headings, the salts and isomers limbs, the named plants and the amendments, and it returned no entry. The comparison the dossier inspected and put back down was «კანაფი, Cannabis მცენარე». The oxidised cannabinoid was searched under its transliterated name and its two letter code, and the dossier rejects the plant entry as a match, which is the same rejection it makes for the other isolated cannabinoid among these substances. The dossier cites the annexed set as Lists I to IV taken together and never records which of the four lists a row sits on, so no row in this dossier carries a list number. An absence record is a statement about one text on one date, so it is version specific. The final consolidated text was read on the Legislative Herald of Georgia, which the dossier calls Matsne, on 20 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Not established. The status of cannabinol in Georgia was not established on this record, so no offence, penalty band, quantity threshold or capital position is stated for it here. A penalty attaches through a placement, and this row does not prove one. That is not a finding that cannabinol is lawful in Georgia, and the absence of a penalty in this cell is not a statement that there is none.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol in Georgia. The status was not established on this record, so there is no placement for a medical route, an import permit or a personal medicine allowance to attach to, and none is asserted here.
Documentation: No documentation requirement is stated for cannabinol in Georgia, because the status it would depend on was not established on this record. Nothing in this cell is advice on carrying, declaring or importing it.

Georgia, Law No. 624 and its annexed Lists I to IV, with Article 260 of the Criminal Code of Georgia carrying the penalty ceiling · this row rests on absence record GEO-25 against those annexes, with the search set "kanabinol" and "CBN" and the rejected comparison «კანაფი, Cannabis მცენარე». Read in the final consolidated text on the Legislative Herald of Georgia, which the dossier calls Matsne, on 20 September 2026. The rejected comparison cited here is the accepted plant entry among these substances, so the absence is about an isolated degradation product and not about plant material. The set that produced this record used two genuinely different names for the substance rather than one name in two cases. No per row link exists in the dossier this cell is built from, which carries no web address for this substance or for any other, so the instrument is cited in prose and no address is given · Updated October 4, 2026

Armenia

Legal status: Not confirmed for Armenia, and this cell states the search rather than an answer. Record ARM-25 is a version specific absence record. The annex to Government Decision N 1129-Ն of 21 August 2003, at controlled lists 1 to 4, was read in the version below, no printed line naming cannabinol was accepted, and no bounded class clause was shown to reach it either. The near entry inspected was «Կանեփ, Cannabis բույս», and it was set aside because it does not itself name this substance. The version read was the current incorporation of N 1129-Ն read together with amendment N 334-Ն of 26 March 2026, which took effect on 27 March 2026. The limit of this record has to be on the face of it. The terms this row was searched under were «kanabinol» and «CBN», all of them Latin script. Not one of the 186 search terms logged across the eighty eight rows of this dossier carries a single Armenian letter, while 39 of the 41 entries the same dossier accepts elsewhere are printed in Armenian script. A Latin search of an Armenian list returns nothing whether or not the substance is on it. So this record states what the logged search could reach, and it does not establish that the annex is silent about anything searched for that way. A search that did not settle the question is not a finding that the substance is uncontrolled, and it is not a finding that it is controlled. The search set recorded was a transliteration of the name and the two letter abbreviation, both in Latin script. The near entry inspected was the cannabis plant line, and it was set aside because a plant entry does not by itself name a single cannabinoid. The annex also carries a clause reaching all isomers of tetrahydrocannabinol, which this dossier accepts on the delta eight row, and this compound is not an isomer of that parent, so that clause does not obviously reach it either.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Armenia has abolished the death penalty and Article 393 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia provides no life sentence for a drug offence, so the real exposure is a term of years. That much is settled whatever this row's place in the annex turns out to be, because it is a property of the penalty regime and not of the substance. What is not settled is the exposure itself. No penalty can be assigned to cannabinol while its place in the annex is open on the instruments this pass reached. The 12 year ceiling under Article 393(3) is Armenia's general drug ceiling and not a figure attached to this row. Two cannabis related entries exist in the annex and neither is shown to reach this molecule, which is why the row stays open.
If prescribed / medical: Armenia states no lawful personal use allowance for a scheduled substance, and Article 393(4) to (6) measures its significant, large and especially large bands from the minimum small amount figure the Government sets, which is a criminal threshold and never a traveller quota. A scheduled medicine must in addition satisfy the law on medicines, «Դեղերի մասին» Հայաստանի Հանրապետության օրենք, together with the prescription, packaging, import and customs rules that law carries. That is the country rule, and the placement it attaches to for cannabinol is an unresolved annex position, so the country rule attaches without an entry to attach it to, and the medicines law question cannot be reached until the annex question is. The dossier read for Armenia states no separate traveller allowance, no personal import quota and no per substance medical route, so none is stated here and anything beyond the country rule is left to the Armenian Ministry of Health. The enquiry should ask whether the plant line or the isomer clause reaches an isolated cannabinoid, because neither was shown to and both exist.

Montenegro

Legal status: Not confirmed. What was not established is whether this substance has any placement at all in the Montenegrin list: the Pravilnik o utvrđivanju spiska droga, psihotropnih supstanci i bilja koje se može koristiti za proizvodnju droga, 56/2012 as amended by 54/2015, was searched for «kanabinol; CBN» across the narcotic, psychotropic and plant tables, the terminal check being the amended Prilog and its final plant table, and no exact printed entry was accepted, with no bounded class and no separate product regime settling it either. That is a completed negative search on a named version of the list and not a finding that the substance is lawful. The plant is printed in this schedule and one tetrahydro isomer is printed by name, while this cannabinoid returned no accepted entry under either the Montenegrin name or the abbreviation. So the list names cannabinoids individually and the plant entry does not answer them. The list is not the criminal code's to move. Član 4 of the Zakon o sprječavanju zloupotrebe droga gives it to the state administration body responsible for health and requires publication in the official gazette: «Spisak droga donosi organ državne uprave nadležan za poslove zdravlja... Spisak droga se objavljuje u Službenom listu Crne Gore.» The version read is the Prilog as those tables stand after the 54/2015 amendment, read on 20 September 2026, and because Član 4 leaves the list with the health administration this does not rule out a later amendment.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Montenegro's criminal code carries no death penalty and the dossier records none. The ceiling it records is fifteen years under Article 300 of the Krivični zakonik, the aggravated drug offence, read with the Code's imprisonment rules, and that is the only criminal article this reading names. That ceiling is Montenegro's drug offence maximum and it is not this row's exposure, because Article 300 depends on a placement in the list and the search for «kanabinol; CBN» established none. Nothing here says the conduct is outside the article and nothing here says it is inside it. No numerical lawful personal use threshold was found in the controlling Act or in the list, so there is no stated weight below which the question changes, and a reduced offence or an exclusion from one trafficking paragraph is not described here as a general lawful possession safe harbour. Separately from that, and carried forward from this site's published Montenegro entry rather than re-derived from the Code in this pass: production, distribution or trafficking are reported at roughly two to fifteen years, the source given there being the United States State Department narcotics report, which also records that the individual paragraph ranges of Article 300(1) to (5) are not pinned in the sources it cites. The Article 300(6) offence of unlawfully making, acquiring, possessing, transporting or supplying equipment, material or substances knowing they are intended for narcotics production is reported at six months to five years. An addiction driven offender may receive mandatory treatment as a security measure to a maximum of three years, alongside or in place of imprisonment, and possession is reported as handled inside Article 300 with treatment diversion available. A foreigner faces expulsion for one to ten years or permanently. Every figure in this paragraph is a penalty band and none of them is a quantity threshold, which is the separate point made above. These bands describe the Article 300 drug offence, and whether it reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established, so they are recorded as Montenegro's published drug penalties and not as this row's exposure. What this row rests on is a completed negative search for «kanabinol; CBN» with no accepted entry.

Kazakhstan

Legal status: Cannabinol is not controlled by Kazakhstan's Resolution No. 470, on the version of the lists read for this row. Government Resolution No. 470 of 3 July 2019 approves three documents in all, the Список наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и прекурсоров, подлежащих контролю в Республике Казахстан, the Сводная таблица of sizes, a substituent list and a short list of veterinary medicines, and all three were searched. Cannabinol is named nowhere in the Resolution, and this row is the clearest trap in the whole Kazakh list. A search for каннабинол as a free substring returns five hits and not one of them is cannabinol: they are Тетрагидроканнабинол at item 35 of Таблица I section В, Гексагидроканнабинол at item 64, the same word inside the definition of the cannabis plant at item 62 and the tetrahydrocannabinol row of the Сводная таблица. Anchored at the start of the entry name, the count is zero. Cannabinol is not an isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol, it is the fully aromatic oxidation product with a different molecular formula, so the isomer wording at item 35 does not reach it either. The plant material entries remain available, since marijuana, resin and cannabis extract are all listed, so cannabinol in plant or extract form is reached through those. Searches were anchored at the start of each entry name rather than run as free substring matches, because unanchored matching in this document produces false hits: the Russian for codeine matches acetyldihydrocodeine, the Russian for diazepam matches fludiazepam and the Russian for ephedrine matches cathine. The copy read carries the amendment of 24 February 2026 made by Government Resolution No. 111, and the Сводная таблица is wholly in that redaction, so every size quoted here is the 24 February 2026 text, and a later amendment adding this substance is expressly not ruled out. [Certain] that the substance is absent from all three lists as this version stands, the search having been re-run from the instrument in this pass.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Kazakhstan has abolished the death penalty. No capital punishment remains available anywhere in its Criminal Code, because the law of 29 December 2021 numbered 89-VII on abolition replaced the words carrying it in Article 11 with life imprisonment, and Article 46 now names life imprisonment as the heaviest penalty the Code holds. Because Resolution No. 470 does not reach cannabinol, it sets no size bands for it and no threshold can be quoted, so nothing in the criminal ladder below attaches to this substance on the strength of this instrument. Criminal Code Article 296 governs handling without intent to supply. Part 2 reaches manufacture, processing, acquisition, storage and transport and carries a fine of up to 160 monthly calculation indices, corrective labour, community work or arrest of up to 40 days. Part 3 raises that to up to 200 indices or arrest of up to 50 days once the quantity is крупный. Part 4 is the first custodial rung and runs to three to seven years once the quantity is особо крупный. Part 1 deals separately with non-medical consumption in a public place. Supply is Article 297, at five to eight years with confiscation, rising through six to ten and seven to twelve to fifteen to twenty years for its aggravated parts, and Article 297-1, inserted by the amending law of 2 January 2025 No. 150-VIII, covers manufacture and processing for supply and reaches life imprisonment at its part 4. Every one of those rungs is read off a size band in the Сводная таблица, and for an unlisted substance there is no band to read. Article 296 also carries a note releasing from liability under that article a person who voluntarily hands the substance over, seeks medical help or actively assists in uncovering a related offence. [Likely] The Criminal Code articles and their year ranges in this cell were read from secondary consolidations rather than from an official publisher in this pass. Two independent consolidations agree on them, and the Code's own article text was not reached: the state portal served only its contents list. The abolition of the death penalty, by contrast, was confirmed against the Code itself and is tagged [Certain] where it appears.

Cuba

Legal status: Controlled in Cuba as a cannabis derivative. Article 236(b) covers «Cannabis, conocida por marihuana, o sus derivados». Cannabinol is a cannabis constituent, so it falls inside «o sus derivados» in article 236(b) rather than needing a listing of its own. Cuba operates no national list of controlled substances. The Código Penal creates the offences and names the subject matter only as «drogas ilícitas o sustancias de efectos similares», an undefined term. Across all 470,392 characters of the Code the words estupefaciente and psicotrópico appear zero times, and the only substances named anywhere are cocaína once and Cannabis, conocida por marihuana, twice.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: not established. Trafficking, production, transport, possession with intent to traffic and cultivation are article 235.1, punished by four to ten years. Simple possession without authorisation or a medical prescription is article 236, which sets three tiers, and the residual limb article 236(c) reaches «drogas ilícitas o sustancias de efectos similares no comprendidas en los apartados anteriores» and is punished by six months to one year or a fine. Article 237 covers a professional prescribing outside therapeutic purposes and article 238 covers breach of the control measures. Article 235.5 adds confiscation of assets. Article 235.2 provides: «La sanción es de privación de libertad de diez a treinta años, privación perpetua de libertad o muerte» where any of eight aggravating circumstances applies, among them «si los hechos se realizan con cantidades relativamente grandes de drogas ilícitas o sustancias de efectos similares», international trafficking, use of a person under eighteen, commission near a school, and a link to organised crime. The quantity that triggers it is not stated as a number anywhere in the Code: the phrase is «cantidades relativamente grandes» and no gramme figure appears. It is not mandatory: article 33.1 provides that «La sanción de muerte se ejecuta por fusilamiento y solo se aplica, excepcionalmente por el tribunal, en las formas más graves de consumación de los delitos para los que está establecida», and article 33.2 excludes persons under twenty and women who were pregnant at the time of the act or at sentencing. Those are Cuba's published drug penalties and they are NOT this row's exposure. Whether this substance is a «droga ilícita o sustancia de efectos similares» is exactly the question the source did not settle, and the Code names no substance but cocaína and Cannabis. So no article above is asserted against this row, and none is ruled out. [Likely] That the Code names no substance but cocaína and Cannabis is carried forward from the entry published before this batch and was not re-derived from the Gaceta in this pass; the dossier's own reading agrees with it, placing Cannabis at arts 235.1(d) and 236(b) and cocaína at art 236(a).
If prescribed / medical: Article 236 begins «La simple tenencia de drogas ilícitas o sustancias de efectos similares sin la debida autorización o prescripción facultativa», so a substance held under a doctor's prescription is outside the possession offence. Article 237.1(a) punishes the authorised professional who prescribes or administers for purposes other than strictly therapeutic ones.

Guyana

Legal status: Controlled. The term the dossier records for this row against the First and Second Schedules to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, Cap. 10:10 is «cannabinol», which is the term the Act was searched under rather than an entry the Act prints, and the dossier records the row as verified on that basis rather than against a class label. Cannabinol has its own printed entry. It is a minor natural cannabinoid and the entry is read separately from tetrahydrocannabinol and from cannabis plant material, so a cannabinol product does not answer to the cannabis row or to the cannabidiol row. Placement is all the schedule settles. Authorisation, purpose, preparation exceptions and the conduct charged all stay open, and this dossier resolves none of them. The entry was read on 20 September 2026.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: one narrow route. Section 6(1) of Guyana's Cap. 10:10 makes a person who unlawfully supplies or administers a narcotic to a child or young person who dies as a result «liable on conviction on indictment to suffer death as a felon», and section 2 counts a psychotropic substance in the Second Schedule as a narcotic. No per-substance figure is printed for this row, and there is no weight band, no tariff and no quantity threshold attached to «cannabinol» itself. A product has to be shown to contain cannabinol itself, since cannabinoid content is routinely mixed and the neighbouring cannabinoid rows in this corpus do not resolve alike. Section 5(1)(a) prints the band for any narcotic held for trafficking: on summary conviction a fine of not less than thirty thousand dollars or three times the market value, whichever is greater, together with imprisonment for not less than three years nor more than five years; on conviction on indictment a fine of not less than seventy-five thousand dollars or three times the market value, whichever is greater, together with imprisonment for life. Section 73(1)(b) provides that where imprisonment for life is required to be imposed, no lesser term may be given unless special reasons are recorded in writing.
If prescribed / medical: Deferred, and the deferral is the honest answer. The dossier carries no Guyanese prescription rule, no import permit route, no personal medicine allowance and no Ministry authorisation procedure at all, so there is no traveller rule here to state and none is invented. What is established is the placement: «cannabinol» sits in the First and Second Schedules to Cap. 10:10, which is what any authorisation would have to be granted against. Cannabinol products are sold as supplements rather than dispensed as medicines, so an authorisation under the Act would be the only lawful route and none is recorded. Settle the medical route with the Guyanese authorities before travelling rather than from this cell.
Documentation: A certificate of analysis showing the cannabinoid profile is the document that speaks to this entry. Carry any controlled medicine in its original dispensing packaging with the prescription and a prescriber's letter naming the patient, the active ingredient, the dose and the treatment period, because the schedule is read against the active ingredient and not against the product name. Nothing in the dossier confirms that Guyana accepts any of that, so treat it as the minimum a traveller can show and not as a permission. The First and Second Schedules were read for this row on 20 September 2026 and the entry the dossier recorded was «cannabinol».

Bahamas

Legal status: Not confirmed. Searched case insensitively across all three held instruments for cannabinol as a standalone word. Both hits in the 1994 Order are fragments of longer entries rather than an entry for this compound: «tetrahydrocannabinol, the following isomers and their stereochemical variants» in Substances in Schedule I of the Psychotropic Convention list, and «delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its stereochemical variants» in Schedule II. Fully aromatised cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol and is not within either heading. It may still be caught, because section 2 defines «Indian hemp» to include every preparation of the cannabis plant or its resin, and this compound arises in that plant as tetrahydrocannabinol degrades. The origin question and the reach of that definition were not settled here.
Consequences if caught: On the plant derived limb the Indian hemp offences apply, including the ten pound threshold in section 22(8)(a). On the synthetic limb no Chapter 228 offence attaches, because the substance is not a named entry in either instrument.
If prescribed / medical: Section 24(1) authorises a qualified person to be in possession of and to supply a dangerous drug so far as necessary for the practice of his profession, and section 2 defines a qualified person as a registered medical practitioner, a registered dentist, a licensed veterinary surgeon, a licensed pharmacist, the public analyst, or a person granted special permission by the Minister. Section 24(2) requires the drug to be kept in a locked receptacle. Section 10(1) permits rules controlling manufacture, sale, possession and supply; no such rules were read for this cell. Import or export by anyone other than a qualified person is an offence under section 9, and needs an authorisation under Part V and permission under section 27. Whether it needs section 24 authority follows the same split.
Documentation: The trap in this row is the word cannabinol appearing inside tetrahydrocannabinol; a string search for it returns hits that are not entries for it. The schedule placement stated here is not printed in the quotation column of the dossier read for this cell; it was read directly from the instrument text. No Ministerial Order later than S.I. 50 of 1996 was read for this cell, so a later addition by Order under section 6, section 11(3) or section 12(3) of the Act is not excluded. The Dangerous Drugs (Application) Order, 2024 was read and is not relied on: it carries no Statutory Instrument number, no signature and a blank execution block reading Made this day of 2024, and the Bahamas legislation portal serves it from its Bills directory rather than its subsidiary legislation directory.

Dangerous Drugs Act, Chapter 228, Statute Law of The Bahamas, LRO 1/2017 · laws.bahamas.gov.bs · Updated October 2, 2026

Lebanon

Legal status: Not a controlled substance under Law 673 of 16 March 1998 on the version read: it is not named in the four tables annexed to that Law, as those tables stand after Decree 343 of 16 May 2025, the last table change the publisher records, read on 22 September 2026 in the Ministry of Public Health consolidated annex carrying the seventh modification of January 2019 and in the Lebanese University consolidation note. Two tetrahydrocannabinol entries are named and cannabinol is a different compound that is not among them.
Consequences if caught: The nearest entries are «Tetrahydrocannabinol», twenty fourth in the Table 1 block headed with the 1971 Convention Schedule I, and «delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol», eleventh in the Table 1 block headed with Schedule II. Cannabinol is the fully aromatic oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol and is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, so the generic entry does not reach it on its face. The University consolidation note adds «Tetrahydrocannabiphorol» and «Hexahydrocannabinol» by Decree 342 of 16 May 2025, and neither of those is cannabinol either. Law 673 carries no analogue clause and no generic structural clause. Articles 1 to 13 define no chemical family, article 8 requires each entry to be printed under an international common name or a scientific name, and an express extension clause appears on only a handful of entries in the whole annex. Article 124 of Law 673 of 16 March 1998 on narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors opens the penal part by confining it to the plants and substances placed under control and by dividing them into the highly dangerous substances of Tables 1 and 2, the dangerous substances of Table 3 and the precursors of Table 4. Article 125 punishes the Table 1 and Table 2 offences with hard labour for life and a fine of 25,000,000 to 100,000,000 Lebanese pounds. Article 128 punishes the Table 3 offences with hard labour not exceeding five years and a fine of 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 Lebanese pounds. Article 127 punishes a small quantity of a Table 1 or Table 2 substance held for personal use with three months to three years and a fine of 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 Lebanese pounds, and article 130 punishes the Table 3 equivalent with two months to two years and a fine of 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 Lebanese pounds. None of those articles states a quantity threshold. Article 150 doubles the maximum penalty in a list of aggravating cases that includes organising, directing or financing the offence, repeat offending, membership of an international smuggling ring, use of violence or a weapon, holding public office, working in health care, and supplying the drug to a minor. Article 148 gives the accomplice, the instigator and the intervener the penalty fixed for the principal. Article 155 makes confiscation of the substance and of the vehicles, equipment and other movable property used or prepared for the offence mandatory in every case. Article 152 lets the court expel a convicted foreign national from Lebanon permanently in felony and repeat misdemeanour cases, and remove him for one to five years in a misdemeanour case, taking him to the border once the prison term has run. Article 159 converts an unpaid fine into one day's imprisonment for every 25,000 Lebanese pounds. Article 161 bars suspension, splitting, day release, early release and conditional release during the first two thirds of any unsuspended sentence of a year or more. Articles 182 to 190 carry the treatment route the cell this replaces described: a user may come forward before any prosecution, article 189 exempts him from prosecution and puts the cost on the State once the addiction committee certifies his recovery, and article 190 arranges the aftercare. Articles 193 to 195 extend the same route into an investigation or a trial, with proceedings stayed definitively on recovery, and article 197 applies the articles 127 and 130 penalties where treatment is refused. Law 673 puts no capital penalty on any drug offence, and the one death penalty in it, article 140, attaches to killing a public official enforcing the Law or to an assault on one that causes a death. The cell this replaces stated that use or possession for personal use is punished by up to about 6 months' imprisonment plus a fine. That figure is carried here from the cell it replaces and it is not supported by the text: article 127 sets three months to three years, and article 130 sets two months to two years. The same cell put the treatment route at arts 182 to 190, which is right as far as it goes, and the route in fact runs to article 200. Its description of enforcement as uneven and of the treatment diversion as only partly implemented is carried forward from that cell and was not re-derived here. The figures above are Lebanon's published drug penalties, but this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Lebanon's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure.

Tunisia

Legal status: Not confirmed, status not individually verified; confirm with Tunisia's authorities (Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992, 'Law 52' / 'Law 92-52') / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Tunisian source (Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 on Narcotics, 'Law 52' / 'Law 92-52', as amended April 2017), do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Tunisia, drugs fall under Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 on Narcotics ('Law 52' / 'Law 92-52'), as amended in April 2017. Use or possession for personal use carries 1-5 years' imprisonment plus a fine of 1,000-3,000 dinars; the April 2017 reform removed the mandatory-minimum sentence for a first offence and gave judges sentencing discretion for first and second offences (previously a near-automatic minimum applied). Cultivation or distribution carries 6-10 years plus a fine of 5,000-10,000 TND. Offences linked to organized gangs or smuggling carry 20 years to life imprisonment plus a fine of 100,000-1,000,000 TND.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Tunisia, drugs fall under Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 on Narcotics ('Law 52' / 'Law 92-52'), as amended in April 2017. Use or possession for personal use carries 1-5 years' imprisonment plus a fine of 1,000-3,000 dinars; the April 2017 reform removed the mandatory-minimum sentence for a first offence and gave judges sentencing discretion for first and second offences (previously a near-automatic minimum applied). Cultivation or distribution carries 6-10 years plus a fine of 5,000-10,000 TND. Offences linked to organized gangs or smuggling carry 20 years to life imprisonment plus a fine of 100,000-1,000,000 TND. Cannabis is controlled under the same Law 92-52 framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 on Narcotics ("Law 52" / "Law 92-52"), as amended in April 2017 · UNODC SHERLOC legal database (statute named in free text) · sherloc.unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Cyprus

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1977 (Law No. 29/1977, as amended; Classes A/B/C). Cannabinol is a Class A drug: Part I, Class A of the First Schedule to the Law as substituted by the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Controlled Drugs) (Amending) Order of 2025, K.Δ.Π. 367/2025, published in Official Gazette No. 5985 on 5 December 2025 lists «Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin», in Greek «Κανναβινόλη, εκτός όπου περιέχεται σε κάνναβη ή ρητίνη κάνναβης». Under section 30 and the Third Schedule, possession carries up to 12 years' imprisonment, and possession with intent to supply, supply, production, import and export carry up to life imprisonment, in each case or a fine, or both; taking any controlled drug in any way is a section 10 offence carrying up to life imprisonment or a fine, or both, whatever its class.
Consequences if caught: Cannabinol is controlled in Cyprus under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1977 (Law No. 29/1977, as amended), as a Class A drug in Part I, Class A of the First Schedule to the Law as substituted by the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Controlled Drugs) (Amending) Order of 2025, K.Δ.Π. 367/2025, published in Official Gazette No. 5985 on 5 December 2025. Section 30 and the Third Schedule set the penalties. Possessing a controlled drug, under section 6(2), carries up to 12 years' imprisonment for a Class A drug, 8 years for Class B and 4 years for Class C, or a fine, or both. Possessing one with intent to supply under section 6(3), producing or supplying it under section 5(2), and importing or exporting it under section 4(1) carry up to life imprisonment for Class A and Class B and up to 8 years for Class C, or a fine, or both. Section 10(δ) makes it an offence «να λαμβάνει με οποιοδήποτε τρόπο οποιοδήποτε ελεγχόμενο φάρμακο», to take any controlled drug in any way, and the general column of the Third Schedule sets life imprisonment or a fine, or both, for a section 10 offence whatever the class. The proviso to section 30(2) limits imprisonment to two years for a person convicted of an offence of use, possession or transport of a controlled drug for personal use who was under 25 when it was committed and has no previous conviction under the Law or its Regulations. Section 30A presumes, unless the person satisfies the court otherwise, that possession or transport was for supply at 30 g or more of cannabis or its derivatives, 10 g or more of prepared opium or prepared cocaine or their derivatives, or 20 g or more in solid form or 20 cubic centimetres or more in liquid form of any controlled drug, and that cultivation was for supply at three or more cannabis plants, twenty or more opium poppy plants or five or more coca plants. The Law provides no death sentence; the longest term in its Third Schedule is life imprisonment, and the EMCDDA's Cyprus Country Drug Report 2019 states that «a life term has never been imposed».
If prescribed / medical: Cannabinol has no prescription route in any instrument read for this cell, and nothing here authorises carrying or possessing it in Cyprus.

Iceland

Legal status: Not a controlled substance in Iceland on the face of the list. Cannabinol has no row: it is not named in Fylgiskjal I as cannabinol, as kannabinol or as CBN, and it is not named in the 6. gr. list of lög nr. 65/1974. Every hit for the string cannabinol in the list belongs to a different molecule: "Tetrahydrocannabinol", "Hexahydrocannabinol", "Dronabinol" and the delta isomer rows. That matters, because the Tetrahydrocannabinol row writes its own scope as THC and all of its isomers and derivatives. Cannabinol is the oxidation product of THC rather than an isomer of it, and whether that span or the derivative clause in 1. gr. carries it is not settled by anything printed in the instrument. This cell records the absence of a row and declines to decide the derivative question.
Consequences if caught: The 2. gr. prohibition and the offence in 5. gr. of lög nr. 65/1974 both bite on a substance the instruments reach, and this row is not one of them. Iceland's published drug penalties are set out next so the reader can see what the narcotics regime does carry. The custodial ceiling for an offence against the Act and against the regulations made under it is imprisonment for up to 6 years, which 5. gr. of lög nr. 65/1974, the Narcotics Act, prints as "fangelsi allt að 6 árum", and the aggravated offence at article 173a of almenn hegningarlög nr. 19/1940, the General Penal Code, carries imprisonment for up to 12 years. Iceland prints no quantity band: neither the Act nor the reglugerð sets a weight, a purity or a number of doses that moves an offence from one tier to another, and article 173a turns instead on supplying narcotics to many people, on handing them over for substantial payment, or on doing so in another particularly culpable way, its second paragraph extending the same ceiling to production, preparation, import, export, purchase, delivery, receipt and possession carried out for that purpose. The fine is separate again: 5. gr. of lög nr. 65/1974 sets a fine as the alternative to imprisonment for the base offence, the same article makes the substances, the proceeds of unlawful sale and the articles used forfeit to the Treasury, and it directs increased punishment for a repeat offence involving import or distribution. The 12 year ceiling is not the original figure: 1. gr. of lög nr. 32/2001 raised the aggravated ceiling from 10 to 12 years at article 173a of the General Penal Code, where 10 years had stood since lög nr. 64/1974, and that Act prints the substitution as "kemur: 12 árum". Possession is unlawful and consumption is not among the conduct the two instruments enumerate. 2. gr. of lög nr. 65/1974 and 2. gr. of the reglugerð, headed "Bannákvæði", both list import, export, sale, purchase, exchange, delivery, receipt, production, preparation and possession, and neither of them prints consumption in that list. Iceland has not decriminalised possession. What it has done instead is 2. gr. a of the Act, inserted by lög nr. 48/2020 and amended by lög nr. 41/2025, which lets the Directorate of Health licence a "neyslurými", a supervised consumption room governed by reglugerð nr. 170/2021, in which a user may hold the quantity he intends to consume there. Those figures are printed here without being applied to this row: whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established. The list read for this cell is Fylgiskjal I of reglugerð nr. 233/2001, read at api.reglugerd.is on 22 September 2026 in the consolidation the publisher serves as current, which carries amendments 1 to 19 and its own last amendment date of 9 August 2025 from reglugerð nr. 879/2025. That consolidation is one amendment behind the law and this cell says so: the 20th amendment, reglugerð nr. 1036/2025, is flagged pending by the publisher although its own 3. gr. commences it on 1 November 2025, and the two texts of 5. gr. visibly differ, the served one opening at pharmacy stock sent to Lyfjastofnun and the amending one opening at the holder of a pharmacy, wholesale or manufacturing licence. It was read in full and it rewrites 5. gr. and the heading of 7. gr. and nothing else, leaving both Fylgiskjöl untouched and printing no transitory article. The Act and the penal code were read in the Lagasafn consolidation stamped "Íslensk lög 1. september 2026", útgáfa 157c, whose own note records that lög nr. 85/2026 will amend the Act from 1 January 2027; that Act was read and its 51. gr. only renames the authority in 2. gr. b. A scan of the 360 regulations the publisher issued between 27 November 2025 and 7 September 2026 found no further amendment, so this cell does not rule out a later change to the list.

Luxembourg

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Narcotics Law of 1973 (as amended by the Law of 10 July 2023) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Luxembourg is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Luxembourg's drug schedule; the Narcotics Law of 1973 (as amended by the Law of 10 July 2023) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Luxembourg, drugs fall under the Narcotics Law of 1973, amended by the Law of 10 July 2023. For drugs other than cannabis, possession remains criminal under the 1973 law, minor possession draws imprisonment of 8 days to 6 months plus fines, and trafficking and large-scale supply carry heavier penalties under the separate provisions of that law.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Luxembourg, drugs fall under the Narcotics Law of 1973, amended by the Law of 10 July 2023. For drugs other than cannabis, possession remains criminal under the 1973 law, minor possession draws imprisonment of 8 days to 6 months plus fines, and trafficking and large-scale supply carry heavier penalties under the separate provisions of that law. For cannabis specifically, the Law of 10 July 2023 legalised home cultivation of up to four plants per household and private consumption at home for adults; public possession of 3 g or less draws a €145 administrative fine with no criminal record. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law of 10 July 2023 amending the Narcotics Law of 19 February 1973 · police.public.lu · Updated July 14, 2026

Malta

Legal status: Which Maltese ordinance governs cannabinol is not established. Malta runs two drug ordinances and a cell that answers from one when the substance sits in the other is wrong. Both were searched for this substance and neither was found to carry an entry for it: no entry was verified in the Chapter 31 Third Schedule or in the First, Third or Fifth Schedules of Chapter 101. The search log for Cannabinol records that the source searched for 'cannabinol' and 'CBN'; neither occurs in the current Fifth Schedule or Chapter 31 Third Schedule, and CBN is not one of the four named non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids. That is a finding about the two controlled drug schedules as consolidated on 18 September 2026, and this is not a declaration of general legality under every Maltese law. Malta's Part A schedule wording reaches derivatives, salts and esters, and no Maltese judgment or official ruling was located that applies those words to this compound, so control is not inferred here from structural similarity to a listed substance.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Malta has no death penalty and no Maltese drug offence can bring one. No controlled drug ceiling is stated here and no Commissioner route is stated either, because no schedule entry was verified for cannabinol in the consolidated texts. Stating a ceiling would mean asserting a control that was not found, and stating that no ceiling exists would mean asserting an absence the search does not support. This is not a declaration of general legality under every Maltese law, and it is not a finding that nothing can happen to a traveller carrying this substance. For context, the ceilings that would apply if an entry were established are life under Chapter 101 article 22(2)(a)(i) or Chapter 31 article 120A(2)(a)(i), or ten years under Chapter 31 article 120A(2)(a)(ii) for a Part B psychotropic.
If prescribed / medical: No prescribing consequence follows from the two drug ordinances, because no entry for cannabinol was verified in either of them, and a prescription route is a route out of a control that has not been established. Both ordinances were searched for this substance and neither was found to schedule it. The answer is therefore that the control status is unknown rather than that the substance is free of medical regulation: Maltese medicines and pharmacy law is a separate body of law, it was not read for this row, and a substance can be a prescription only medicine without appearing on a drug schedule. What this source does not establish is the prescribing and dispensing conditions themselves. The dossier read the two controlled drug ordinances and Chapter 537 and says in terms that it ‘did not attempt to decide separate medicines, pharmacy, veterinary, poisons, tobacco, alcohol, food, product-safety, or driving laws’. Treat the prescribing route as unread here rather than as absent. If you hold this substance on prescription, carry the prescription and treat its Maltese status as unsettled.
Documentation

El Salvador

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not named in the Listado de sustancias estupefacientes, psicotropicos, precursores y agregados 2026, approved by Acuerdo SI.2026.03.20-01 of the Superintendencia de Regulacion Sanitaria, and the absence does not settle the row, because Article 2 of the Ley Reguladora de las Actividades Relativas a las Drogas, Decreto Legislativo 153 of 2 October 2003 does not stop at the lists: it also reaches, in its own words, substances that act on the central nervous system and whose misuse can cause physical or psychological dependence, and Article 3 letter f lets the health regulator prohibit a further substance. Whether either limb reaches this row was not settled from the documents read here. The Listado prints tetrahidrocannabinol with six named isomers and prints hexahidrocannabinol separately, and the fully aromatised cannabinol that this row names is in none of those entries.
Consequences if caught: The Listado prints tetrahidrocannabinol with six named isomers and prints hexahidrocannabinol separately, and the fully aromatised cannabinol that this row names is in none of those entries. Cannabinol was not settled against El Salvador's drug control regime, and the penalties below are set out because whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established. Article 34 divides possession from trafficking by a 2 gram line: possession of under 2 grams carries 1 to 3 years, possession of 2 grams or more carries 3 to 6 years, and possession of any quantity with the object of doing anything Article 33 lists carries 6 to 10 years. Article 34 closes by providing that it does not apply where the conduct fits a graver offence. There is no personal use exemption anywhere in the Ley. Article 31 sets 5 to 15 years for sowing, cultivating or harvesting, and Article 33 sets 10 to 15 years for acquiring, transferring, importing, exporting, storing, transporting, distributing, supplying or selling. Article 33's second paragraph raises the trafficking penalty by one third of the stated maximum where the act is international trafficking, so the ceiling on that route is 20 years, and Article 54 allows a court to raise the penalty by up to one third of the maximum on any of nine listed aggravating circumstances, which is a discretion and not the mandatory increase Article 33 creates. Article 55 allows the penalty to be cut to half the minimum where the accused names others or enables a seizure. The ceiling on every one of these routes is imprisonment, because the severest sanction is constitutionally barred for ordinary offences in El Salvador, so no offence in this Ley carries it. The Ley creates no lawful recreational regime and no medical regime for any substance it reaches, cannabis included: Article 3's final paragraph permits a listed substance to be imported, produced, made, extracted, possessed or used only in the quantities strictly necessary for scientific research, for making medicines, for medical treatment or for making products of industrial use, and only with the health regulator's authorisation. On the fine, the Sala de lo Constitucional struck the multa in each of these three articles as a penal consequence, Article 34 by the accumulated 2006 judgments published on 22 October 2007, Article 33 by the 92-2007 judgments published on 19 August 2009 and Article 31 by judgment 45-2010 published on 23 October 2013, so no fine now attaches to cultivation, trafficking or possession under this Ley. On quantity, the 2 gram line in Article 34 is the only weight the Ley fixes; it sets no substance by substance threshold and no quantity table, so the same 2 grams applies whatever the substance is. The 2 gram line and the bands of 1 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 10, 5 to 15 and 10 to 15 years and the one third increase are carried forward from the live cell and were re-read against the Asamblea Legislativa text for this pass; the Article 34 graver offence proviso, the Article 54 and Article 55 provisions and the three unconstitutionality rulings are new to this cell.

Honduras

Legal status: Not a controlled drug for the purposes of Articles 311 to 313 of the Código Penal. Cannabinol, searched also as 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentylbenzo[c]chromen-1-ol, is not named in Listas I, II or IV of the 1961 Convention or in Listas I to IV of the 1971 Convention, which Article 321 makes the closed definition of droga, estupefaciente o sustancia psicotrópica: «Por droga, estupefaciente o sustancia psicotrópica, se entiende cualquiera de las sustancias incluidas en las Listas I, II y IV de la Convención Única y sus Protocolos de Naciones Unidas sobre estupefacientes, hecha en Nueva York de 1961 y en las Listas I, II, III y IV del Convenio y sus Protocolos de Naciones Unidas sobre sustancias psicotrópicas, hecho en Viena, el 21 de febrero de 1971.» The surviving definitions in Article 5 of Decreto 126/89 are a separate question: numeral 20 names «el THC (Tetrahidrocannabinol) y otros similares», so a cannabinoid can be caught by the 1989 law's own open wording even where the closed definition in Article 321 does not. Where it does bite, it now bites without a penalty of its own, because Article 632 repealed the article of the 1989 law that punished a breach.
Consequences if caught: Cannabinol is outside the offence that Articles 311 to 313 of the Código Penal create. What distinguishes this row is that its name is a substring of two listed names, tetrahydrocannabinol and hexahydrocannabinol, and neither of those entries is this compound. Art. 311 sets 4 to 7 years where the drug does not cause grave harm to health and 7 to 10 years in every other case. The fine under Art. 311 is 100 to 500 days. Art. 311's second paragraph allows 1 to 3 years or 2 to 5 years instead where the facts and the offender's own circumstances show lesser gravity, and that reduction is closed once an Art. 312 aggravator applies. Art. 312 replaces those terms with 10 to 15 years and a fine of 300 to 500 days on any of nine listed aggravators, and adds a further third where the organised group aggravator meets either the special quantity or the extraordinary transport one. Art. 313 cuts the Art. 311 first paragraph terms and the Art. 312 terms by a third on confession or on cooperation with the authorities. Art. 321 sets the special quantity in five categories, of marihuana, hashish, cocaine, opium and synthetic drug, none of which is engaged by this row. Art. 26 of Decreto 126/89, which set a first offence internment of up to 30 days in a rehabilitation centre with a fine, was repealed by Art. 632 of the Código Penal, which repeals Arts 16 to 30 and 41 of that law by name, so the 30 day figure is corrected here rather than restated. Nothing replaced it inside the Code's drug chapter, and Art. 311 reaches possession only where the substance is held for the purposes that article lists, so neither the Código Penal nor Decreto 126/89 as it now stands fixes a personal use quantity or a personal use measure. Those are the two instruments read for this cell, and other Honduran law was not searched for one. The Art. 311 bands of 4 to 7 and 7 to 10 years, the Art. 312 band of 10 to 15 years and the 30 day figure from Art. 26 are carried forward from the live cell and not re-derived here, and this row is placed outside that regime, so they are recorded as Honduras's published drug penalties and not as this substance's exposure. The Art. 311 fine, the lesser gravity terms, Art. 313 and the Art. 321 quantities are read from the Gaceta text and are new to this cell.

Maldives

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011, as amended by the Third Amendment ratified 6 December 2025) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Maldives is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Maldives's drug schedule; the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011, as amended by the Third Amendment ratified 6 December 2025) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Maldives, drugs fall under the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011), as amended by the Third Amendment ratified on 6 December 2025. Trafficking a Schedule 1 drug carries a mandatory 20-year base term; the sentence is elevated to capital punishment where the quantity exceeds 350 g of cannabis, 250 g of diamorphine, or 100 g of any other Schedule 1 drug AND the person brings it into the country at the point of entry. Capital punishment requires the unanimous agreement of the full Supreme Court bench, failing which the sentence is life imprisonment; the death penalty is retained de jure since December 2025, but a long-standing moratorium on executions has been in place since 1954. Possession of a Schedule 2 drug without a prescription carries 3-15 years plus a fine.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Maldives, drugs fall under the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011), as amended by the Third Amendment ratified on 6 December 2025. Trafficking a Schedule 1 drug carries a mandatory 20-year base term; the sentence is elevated to capital punishment where the quantity exceeds 350 g of cannabis, 250 g of diamorphine, or 100 g of any other Schedule 1 drug AND the person brings it into the country at the point of entry. Capital punishment requires the unanimous agreement of the full Supreme Court bench, failing which the sentence is life imprisonment; the death penalty is retained de jure since December 2025, but a long-standing moratorium on executions has been in place since 1954. Possession of a Schedule 2 drug without a prescription carries 3-15 years plus a fine. Cannabis is a Schedule 1 drug; trafficking above 350 g brought in at the point of entry is capital-eligible (subject to the unanimous Supreme Court requirement and the 1954 execution moratorium), and lower amounts carry the mandatory 20-year base term. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011), Third Amendment ratified 6 December 2025 · presidency.gov.mv · Updated July 14, 2026

Afghanistan

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Afghanistan is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Afghanistan's drug schedule; the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Afghanistan, drugs fall under the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law). Trafficking penalties are graduated by weight: trafficking heroin, morphine or cocaine caps at 20 years (Art. 42), and the largest quantities reach life imprisonment, the named statute's drug-trafficking ceiling is imprisonment. Drug use carries roughly a short prison term (about 3 months). Enforcement since 2021 under the de facto authorities is opaque and may diverge from the statute on the books; any sanction beyond what the named statute provides is not confirmed here, verify against current practice.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Afghanistan, drugs fall under the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law). Trafficking penalties are graduated by weight: trafficking heroin, morphine or cocaine caps at 20 years (Art. 42), and the largest quantities reach life imprisonment, the named statute's drug-trafficking ceiling is imprisonment. Drug use carries roughly a short prison term (about 3 months). Enforcement since 2021 under the de facto authorities is opaque and may diverge from the statute on the books; any sanction beyond what the named statute provides is not confirmed here, verify against current practice. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework; cultivation and trafficking are prohibited, with penalties graduated by weight up to imprisonment. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (Arts 41-47) + the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law · sherloc.unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Belarus

Legal status: Not confirmed for Belarus, and this cell states the search rather than an answer. The terms taken to the annexes of Постановление Министерства здравоохранения № 19 от 11 февраля 2015 г. республиканский перечень were "kanabinol", "CBN", run across every list heading, the salts and isomers language and the named plants at № 19/2015 with the official 2025 and 10 March 2026 amendments, and no exact printed entry and no proved bounded class match was established. The near comparison is «КАННАБИС, растение», a printed plant entry. A plant entry reaches plant material on its face, and this record declines to read it as reaching an isolated cannabinoid. The delta-8 row shows the annexes do print a tetrahydrocannabinol heading, so the list is capable of naming isolated cannabinoids and this one was not found among them. The negative is recorded as a version specific absence at BEL-25. It reports what the official text did not settle and it does not state that cannabinol is lawful in Belarus. One limit belongs on the face of this cell rather than in a footnote. The search set recorded for this row is written in Latin script, and so is every one of the eighty eight search sets in this source, while most of the entries the same source accepts elsewhere are printed in Cyrillic. A Latin search of a Cyrillic annex can return nothing whether or not the substance is there, so this absence is reported as what the record establishes and not as a settled negative.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Belarus retains capital punishment in its general criminal law, and that is a separate question from what a drug offence carries. Criminal Code Article 328 provides neither the death penalty nor life imprisonment, so a term of years is the whole of the drug scale here. The figure itself is disputed and the dispute is stated rather than hidden: this repair reads Article 328(5) as a twenty year ceiling, the cell it replaces read the same paragraph as twelve to twenty five years, and the sources reachable here do not settle which reading is right. The earlier cell also framed the offence as articles 327 to 328 with a superscript one, a range this repair does not mention at all, so treat the article range as well as the figure as open. That scale attaches to an offence in a substance the annexes list, and whether this row is one of them is exactly what the search did not settle, record BEL-25. No penalty figure is assigned to cannabinol here, because a penalty cannot honestly be stated for a status the source leaves open, and the capital line above is safe to state only because it rests on Article 328 rather than on the schedule. Belarus sets no lawful personal use allowance for anything it does list, so an unresolved status is not a small risk. The plant entry it was compared against would reach plant material, so the open question is whether an isolated cannabinoid travels with the plant, and the annexes do print other isolated cannabinoids.
If prescribed / medical: The traveller rule is stated at country level and it is the same for every substance in this set: Belarus provides no lawful personal use allowance and no traveller exemption, and a scheduled medicine has to satisfy Закон Республики Беларусь «О лекарственных средствах» as well as the narcotics annexes, meaning prescription, original packaging, and import and customs formalities. The placement that would have to be attached to that rule is the one this row could not establish, record BEL-25, so the prescription question is deferred here rather than answered. Put it to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus, and the question to put is whether cannabinol appears in the республиканский перечень at all. Nothing in this cell should be read as permission to carry it. Ask whether an isolated cannabinoid is reached by the plant entry, because that is the question the record leaves open.

Kyrgyzstan

Legal status: Not confirmed. The dossier did not establish whether Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 152 of 26 March 2025 reaches cannabinol. Its search record, as checked on 18 September 2026: «cannabinol» was searched by exact name, synonym and any stated salt, isomer or analogue rule in the resolution's controlled list and in the narcotic, psychotropic and plant tables of its criteria and sizes annex. The near entry «cannabinoid entry and isomer rules» was rejected because it does not by itself establish the same molecule, branded mixture or legal preparation. No substance specific quantity row was established in the annex. Criminal Code articles 282 to 284 were checked and supply consequences, but did not settle the missing substance match.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The dossier records for this row that no death penalty applies to the drug offences in Criminal Code articles 282 to 284. No other penalty is stated for cannabinol, because whether Resolution No. 152 reaches it is open and the dossier quotes no quantity row for it.
If prescribed / medical: No prescription route is stated for cannabinol, because whether the controlled list reaches it is open.
Documentation: No traveller rule is stated for cannabinol. The open point the dossier names for this row is whether a different schedule synonym or group rule legally reaches cannabinol, and, if so, which quantity rule applies.

Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 152 of 26 March 2025, controlled list and criteria and sizes annex, with Criminal Code articles 282 to 284, as checked on 18 September 2026 · cbd.minjust.gov.kg · Updated October 3, 2026

Uzbekistan

Legal status: Not confirmed. The Uzbekistan dossier, checked 18 September 2026, did not establish a control entry for cannabinol, and its row is marked not verified. The dossier's search record for this row: Search term: «cannabinol»; transliteration/Latin identifier: cannabinol. Searched Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 330 of 12 November 2015, controlled Lists I to IV by exact name, synonym, salt/isomer language, and any relevant structural family. A near match was considered through «cannabinoid entry and isomer rules», but it was rejected because that wording does not establish that the listed molecule, mixture, or brand is the same legal entry. Then searched Resolution No. 330 quantity annexes for «cannabinol» and the same identifiers; no quoted substance-specific threshold row was established. Second instrument checked: Criminal Code arts 270 to 276; it supplies offence consequences but no missing per-substance number. Open point: whether an unquoted schedule synonym or group row legally reaches cannabinol, and, if so, which quantity entry applies.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The dossier quotes article 25 of the Constitution: «В Республике Узбекистан смертная казнь запрещается» (the death penalty is prohibited in the Republic of Uzbekistan). Because no control entry for cannabinol was established, the dossier quotes no threshold for it and this cell states no offence or penalty band for it. Treat it as unresolved, not as permitted.
If prescribed / medical: Not stated. The dossier row carries no prescription information for cannabinol, and whether it is controlled at all is not established.
Documentation: Not stated. The dossier row carries no import, permit or traveller documentation rule for cannabinol. Instruments the dossier searched for this row: Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 330 of 12 November 2015, controlled Lists I to IV; Resolution No. 330 quantity annexes; Criminal Code arts 270 to 276. The dossier row records one URL, https://lex.uz/docs/2815342. The dossier's source and access record gives https://lex.uz/docs/111453 as its penal source, cited here for the Criminal Code. It gives no URL for the Constitution, which is cited by name.

Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 330 of 12 November 2015, controlled Lists I to IV and quantity annexes · Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, articles 270 to 276 · lex.uz · lex.uz · Updated October 3, 2026

Tanzania

Legal status: Controlled as a cannabis extract, and not named as a compound. Cannabinol is not named in the First or Second Schedule of the Drug Control and Enforcement Act, Cap 95, as the Schedules stand after GN No. 189 of 2024, read on 3 October 2026: the word occurs only inside tetrahydrocannabinol, in the section 2 definition of cannabis plant, «includes any part of that plant containing tetrahydro-cannabinol», in the Schedule I tetrahydrocannabinol isomers and in Schedule II's «Dronabinol» row. The Single Convention list prints «Cannabis and cannabis resin and extracts and tinctures of cannabis», so a CBN oil extracted from the plant is an extract of cannabis; CBN made by converting another cannabinoid or by synthesis is not named.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Cap 95 prints no sentence of death: its text, read in full on 3 October 2026, was searched for death and the word does not occur in it. Section 1(2) says «This Act shall apply to Mainland Tanzania.», and section 1(3) extends Parts III and IV to some conduct outside the mainland, including by «a citizen or a person who ordinarily resides in the United Republic». Zanzibar has its own Zanzibar Drugs Control and Enforcement Authority Act, No. 8 of 2021, whose English text is a scanned image that was read here by OCR; its sections 19, 21 and 22 set life imprisonment as the highest drug penalty and the search found no sentence of death in it. For a CBN product that is an extract of the plant, the following apply, subject to the weight question in the documentation. Section 2 defines trafficking to include «the importation, exportation, buying, sale, giving, supplying, storing, possession, production, manufacturing, conveyance, delivery or distribution». Section 15(1) punishes trafficking with life imprisonment where, by section 15(3)(i), a person trafficks «narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances weighing more than two hundred grams», and section 16(1) sets «imprisonment for a term of not less than thirty years» where, by section 16(2)(a), they weigh «200 grams or below». Small quantity possession proved to be for personal consumption, and consumption, fall under section 18(1): where the drug «is cocaine, morphine, diacetyl-morphine or any other narcotic drug or any psychotropic substance specified by the Minister by notice in the Gazette», a fine of not less than one million shillings or imprisonment for a term of five years or both, and otherwise a fine of not less than five hundred thousand shillings or imprisonment for a term of three years or both. Section 18(2) puts on the possessor the burden of proving personal consumption, and section 18(3) leaves «small quantity» to the Minister's regulations, which were not read, nor was any notice under section 18(1)(a), so which paragraph applies to a CBN extract is not settled here. Section 19 punishes a person who «smokes, inhales, sniffs, injects or otherwise uses» a narcotic drug or psychotropic substance with a fine of not less than one million shillings or imprisonment for a term of three years or both.

Azerbaijan

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Azerbaijan is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Azerbaijan's drug schedule; the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Azerbaijan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000). Illegal acquisition and possession of narcotic or psychotropic substances without intent to sell is the lower tier (Art. 234), while illegal manufacture, production, sale and trafficking (Art. 235), cultivation (Art. 237) and related conduct (Art. 240) escalate with quantity and aggravating factors, the Code's punishment ceiling being life imprisonment. Penalties were tightened by 2022 amendments to Articles 235, 237 and 240.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Azerbaijan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000). Illegal acquisition and possession of narcotic or psychotropic substances without intent to sell is the lower tier (Art. 234), while illegal manufacture, production, sale and trafficking (Art. 235), cultivation (Art. 237) and related conduct (Art. 240) escalate with quantity and aggravating factors, the Code's punishment ceiling being life imprisonment. Penalties were tightened by 2022 amendments to Articles 235, 237 and 240. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Code of Azerbaijan (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000), Arts 234/235/237/240 · track.unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Mongolia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Mongolia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Mongolia's drug schedule; the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Mongolia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017). The core offences are drug trafficking, the illegal manufacture, sale or distribution of drugs, and drug possession; trafficking carries imprisonment up to life, while use or possession of small amounts carries lesser imprisonment. Mongolia's drug law does not provide a life-or-higher term for simple use; trafficking is the serious tier.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Mongolia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017). The core offences are drug trafficking, the illegal manufacture, sale or distribution of drugs, and drug possession; trafficking carries imprisonment up to life, while use or possession of small amounts carries lesser imprisonment. Mongolia's drug law does not provide a life-or-higher term for simple use; trafficking is the serious tier. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017) · legalinfo.mn · Updated July 14, 2026

Moldova

Legal status: Controlled in Moldova. Cannabinol is reached by a reading of Table I, «Tabelul național I. Substanțe, plante și medicamente care conțin substanțe stupefiante și psihotrope interzise, inutilizabile în scopuri medicale», Lista nr. 1, narcotic substances of Single Convention Schedules I and IV: item 45, «Tetrahidrocanabinol (izomeri ai Δ⁹-tetrahidrocanabinolului)» (gazette page 11). Cannabinol is THC with its third ring made aromatic, a structural derivative of it, and the list's extension reaches «derivaților structurali»; a cannabinol extract taken from the plant is also within Table II, Lista nr. 1, item 16, «extracte și tincturi de Cannabis» (gazette pages 24 to 25). It is not printed by name. Delta-9-THC is also listed in Table III, Lista nr. 2, Schedule III sub-list, item 7, «Dronabinol», «Delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol și variantele ei stereochimice» (gazette page 29), and the related «Hexahidrocanabinol» is in Table II, Lista nr. 2, item 15; so which table a derivative falls in, and with it the Table I aggravation and any medical route, is unsettled. The reading is stated as such, and the two routes carry different tables. The lists of Tables I and II, and the psychotropic lists of Table III, carry an extension, «Controlul substanțelor din acest tabel se extinde și asupra» (Table I, Lista nr. 1 words it «din prezentul tabel», and one list prints «derivațiilor»), to isomers, ethers and esters, salts, and «derivaților structurali ai acestor substanțe, în toate cazurile în care aceștia pot exista»; Table III's Lista nr. 1 of medicines carries none, and Table IV's precursor lists extend only to stereoisomers and salts. Law 201/2025 on the circulation of narcotic and psychotropic substances (Monitorul Oficial 2025 nr. 448-451, item 619, 28 August 2025) repealed Law 382/1999 and came into force on 28 August 2026: its Article 80(1) as enacted read six months from publication, and Law 22/2026 (Monitorul Oficial 2026 nr. 104, item 65, 27 February 2026) replaced «6 luni» with «12 luni». Government Decision 479/2026 (Monitorul Oficial 2026 nr. 398-400, Part II, item 473, 28 August 2026) approves the national tables of controlled substances, repeals Government Decision 1088/2004 at its point 2, and by its point 3 entered into force with Law 201/2025. This is the position under Decision 479/2026 as published, read on page images, as at 3 October 2026. The contents list of every Monitorul Oficial issue from 28 August 2026 to 3 October 2026, nr. 398-400 to nr. 498-499, was read for any act touching the tables, and the only one is Government Decision 480/2026 (nr. 439, 9 September 2026), which sets the procedure for updating the tables and changes no entry in them.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. No article read for this cell provides death or life imprisonment: the highest terms are 15 to 17 years for trafficking under Criminal Code Article 217^1(5) and «de la 12 la 20 de ani» for smuggling under Article 248(8), both as replaced by Law 173/2026 in force on 28 August 2026. Contravention Code Article 85 punishes illegal consumption «dacă fapta nu constituie infracțiune» by a fine of 100 to 140 conventional units or 50 to 60 hours of unpaid community work, and acquiring or keeping «în proporții mici și fără scop de înstrăinare» by a fine of 200 to 300 conventional units; under Article 85(3) a person who hands the substance over voluntarily, or seeks medical help, is relieved of that liability. Consumption is a crime instead under Criminal Code Article 217^5(1) when committed «în mod public» or in or near schools, social rehabilitation institutions, prisons, military units, «locurile de agrement» and places of education, culture or sport: a fine of 750 to 1,050 conventional units or 180 to 240 hours of community work. Criminal Code Article 217 punishes producing, acquiring, keeping or transporting in large quantities without intent to sell by a fine of 400 to 700 conventional units, unpaid community work of up to 150 hours or imprisonment of up to 1 year (217(2)), by imprisonment of up to 4 years in the aggravated cases of 217(3), and «în proporții deosebit de mari» by 1 to 6 years (217(4)); under 217(5) a first offender may be released from criminal liability at the investigation stage on self reporting, voluntary surrender of the drugs or active help. Article 217^1 punishes acquiring, keeping, sending, transporting, delivering or distributing with intent to sell, or selling, by 6 to 10 years (217^1(2)); producing or manufacturing for sale by 10 to 12 years (217^1(3)); aggravated cases, among them large quantities, by 12 to 15 years (217^1(4)); and an organised group or especially large quantities by 15 to 17 years (217^1(5)). Article 248 punishes smuggling by 8 to 10 years, by 10 to 12 where aggravated, and by 12 to 20 years for an organised group or especially large quantities. Articles 217(3)(d) and 217^1(4)(e) aggravate where the drug is one «a căror circulație în scopuri medicale este interzisă». Table I is headed as substances «interzise, inutilizabile în scopuri medicale», so a Table I substance is read as falling in that aggravation, and Law 201/2025 Article 6(2) prohibits the circulation of Table I substances «cu excepția utilizării lor în scopuri științifice și/sau de expertiză»: up to 4 years for large quantities kept without intent to sell, and 12 to 15 years for trafficking. The link between the two texts is a reading, stated as such. Because the decision also lists it in a table usable in medicine, the aggravation is unsettled for it; see the legal status. Which of these applies turns on the small, large and especially large quantities «stabilite de Guvern» (Criminal Code Article 134^1(8)). Government Decision 79/2006, made under the repealed Law 382/1999, is the decision the earlier cell relied on; no replacement appears in the Monitorul Oficial contents to 3 October 2026, and its text could not be re-read. The earlier cell's Criminal Code figures, Article 217 and Article 217^1 including the seven to fifteen years it read at Article 217^1(4), were the text before Law 173/2026 replaced those articles, and are superseded. The earlier cell, record MOL-25, rested on the lists approved by Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 79/2006 under Legea nr. 382/1999.

Turkmenistan

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Turkmenistan is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Turkmenistan's drug schedule; the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Turkmenistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended). The illegal manufacture, processing, acquisition, storage, transport or transfer of narcotic or psychotropic substances for the purpose of sale (Art. 292) and related articles are the trafficking offences: production, storage or transport for sale carries 3-10 years, escalating to 12-20 years with confiscation for large-quantity, official-position or otherwise aggravated cases, while use or possession carries up to 5 years.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Turkmenistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended). The illegal manufacture, processing, acquisition, storage, transport or transfer of narcotic or psychotropic substances for the purpose of sale (Art. 292) and related articles are the trafficking offences: production, storage or transport for sale carries 3-10 years, escalating to 12-20 years with confiscation for large-quantity, official-position or otherwise aggravated cases, while use or possession carries up to 5 years. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Code of Turkmenistan (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended), Art. 292 · bwcimplementation.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Senegal

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by Loi Latif Guèye No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Senegal is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Senegal's drug schedule; the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by Loi Latif Guèye No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Senegal, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by the 'Loi Latif Guèye' No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007). For Tableau I high-risk drugs, cultivation, production or manufacture (Art. 95) and international import, export or transport (Art. 96) carry 5-10 years and a fine equal to triple the value of the drugs seized; offer, sale, distribution, brokerage, transport, purchase, possession or use of Tableau I drugs (Art. 97) carries 5-10 years and a 2,000,000-10,000,000 franc fine, raised by the 2007 amendment to fixed-term hard labour of 10-20 years for aggravated offering or sale. Facilitating others' use (Art. 98) carries 2-5 years, and personal-use possession or purchase (Art. 109) two months to one year.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Senegal, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by the 'Loi Latif Guèye' No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007). For Tableau I high-risk drugs, cultivation, production or manufacture (Art. 95) and international import, export or transport (Art. 96) carry 5-10 years and a fine equal to triple the value of the drugs seized; offer, sale, distribution, brokerage, transport, purchase, possession or use of Tableau I drugs (Art. 97) carries 5-10 years and a 2,000,000-10,000,000 franc fine, raised by the 2007 amendment to fixed-term hard labour of 10-20 years for aggravated offering or sale. Facilitating others' use (Art. 98) carries 2-5 years, and personal-use possession or purchase (Art. 109) two months to one year. Cannabis (chanvre indien) is a Tableau I drug under the same Code des Drogues, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by Loi Latif Guèye No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007), Arts 95/96/97/98/109 · sherloc.unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Nicaragua

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol was not settled against Nicaragua's controlled list in this pass. The annex prints tetrahydrocannabinol. Cannabinol is the fully aromatised oxidation product and a distinct cannabinoid, so a substring match on the printed entry is not a placement. The lists relied on are those as annexed in 1999 and carried into Ley No. 735 by article 101 of the consolidated text published in La Gaceta Diario Oficial No. 32 of 20 February 2024. That reading does not rule out a later incorporation by the Ministry of Health, which article 1 permits to be published in any newspaper of national circulation before it reaches the gazette.
Consequences if caught: Cannabinol was not settled against Nicaragua's controlled list in this pass, and it should not be treated as permitted on that account. The annex prints tetrahydrocannabinol. Cannabinol is the fully aromatised oxidation product and a distinct cannabinoid, so a substring match on the printed entry is not a placement. Trafficking under article 359 of Ley No. 641 carries 5 to 15 years of prison, rising to 10 to 20 years where the trafficking is international. Article 358, as reformed in September 2024, bands simple possession at more than 1 gram and under 5 grams for cocaine or any other controlled substance, at more than 5 grams and under 20 grams for marihuana, and at 1 to 5 psychoactive plants, with a heavier band of 3 to 8 years above those figures. The fine article 359 attaches is 300 to 800 day fines, and 500 to 1000 day fines for the international form. Whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Nicaragua controls by three limbs at once: the lists and tables annexed to the law, whatever the Ministry of Health incorporates afterwards, and whatever the international instruments in force contain. The first limb is readable and was read for this cell. The second is published by the Ministry of Health and article 1 allows it to appear in any newspaper of national circulation before the gazette carries it, so it cannot be enumerated from the gazette alone. The third moves whenever the international schedules move. The same title prices the other conduct separately: financing at 10 to 25 years under article 348, sowing, growing or harvesting at 5 to 10 under article 349, industrial or artisanal processing at 5 to 20 under article 351, transport at 5 to 15 under article 352, carrying on the body at 2 to 8 under article 353, and storage at 5 to 15 under article 355. Carry any controlled medicine in its original labelled packaging with the prescription and confirm the position with a Nicaraguan consulate before travelling. The lists relied on are those as annexed in 1999 and carried into Ley No. 735 by article 101 of the consolidated text published in La Gaceta Diario Oficial No. 32 of 20 February 2024. That reading does not rule out a later incorporation by the Ministry of Health, which article 1 permits to be published in any newspaper of national circulation before it reaches the gazette.

Uganda

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Uganda is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Uganda's drug schedule; the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Uganda, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016). Possession (s.4) carries imprisonment, substantial fixed terms up to around 25 years depending on the substance and quantity, while trafficking, smuggling and dealing (s.5 and related provisions) carry up to life imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. A later 2023 consolidation/amendment of the drug law has been reported; this entry states the 2016 Act as in force and any subsequent amendment should be confirmed.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Uganda, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016). Possession (s.4) carries imprisonment, substantial fixed terms up to around 25 years depending on the substance and quantity, while trafficking, smuggling and dealing (s.5 and related provisions) carry up to life imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. A later 2023 consolidation/amendment of the drug law has been reported; this entry states the 2016 Act as in force and any subsequent amendment should be confirmed. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016), ss.4-5 · media.ulii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Zimbabwe

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] and the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02] is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Zimbabwe is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Zimbabwe's drug schedule; the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] and the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02] is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Zimbabwe, drugs fall under the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] (dangerous-drugs provisions, s.155 onward), together with the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02]. Use, possession or cultivation for one's own use carries a fine and/or imprisonment of up to 5 years, while dealing and trafficking carry long fixed-term imprisonment that rises with quantity and aggravation. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Zimbabwe, drugs fall under the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] (dangerous-drugs provisions, s.155 onward), together with the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02]. Use, possession or cultivation for one's own use carries a fine and/or imprisonment of up to 5 years, while dealing and trafficking carry long fixed-term imprisonment that rises with quantity and aggravation. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] (dangerous-drugs provisions, s.155 onward) + Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02] · zimlii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Ethiopia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Ethiopia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Ethiopia's drug schedule; the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Ethiopia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004). Trafficking in narcotic or psychotropic substances (Art. 525) carries rigorous imprisonment of 5-15 years plus a fine, while lesser dealing sub-articles carry rigorous imprisonment in the 5-7 year range. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Ethiopia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004). Trafficking in narcotic or psychotropic substances (Art. 525) carries rigorous imprisonment of 5-15 years plus a fine, while lesser dealing sub-articles carry rigorous imprisonment in the 5-7 year range. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. Khat (chat) is lawful and culturally significant in Ethiopia and is not a prohibited substance under the Criminal Code. Cannabis, by contrast, is controlled under the same Criminal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004), Art. 525 · wipo.int · Updated July 14, 2026

Algeria

Legal status: Not confirmed, Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 (as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Algeria is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Algeria's drug schedule; Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 (as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Algeria, drugs fall under Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 on the prevention and suppression of the illicit use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023. Trafficking, production, manufacture, sale or transport with intent, carries imprisonment of 10-20 years plus a fine of DZD 5,000,000-50,000,000, rising to 20-30 years where committed by a public official or a health professional or in aggravated circumstances; personal-use possession carries lesser imprisonment and/or a fine. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Algeria, drugs fall under Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 on the prevention and suppression of the illicit use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023. Trafficking, production, manufacture, sale or transport with intent, carries imprisonment of 10-20 years plus a fine of DZD 5,000,000-50,000,000, rising to 20-30 years where committed by a public official or a health professional or in aggravated circumstances; personal-use possession carries lesser imprisonment and/or a fine. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. (Reported/unverified: human-rights reporting in 2025 referred to legislative efforts to expand the death penalty to certain drug offences; this is a reported proposal and is NOT reflected as enacted in the statute cited here, confirm against the current law.) Cannabis is controlled under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 on the prevention and suppression of illicit use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023 · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Tajikistan

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not named in the National List approved by Government Resolution No. 121 of 27 February 2020 as the Drug Control Agency published it, read at https://akn.tj/ru/2020/04/09/national-list-of-narcotic-drugs-psychotropic-substances-and-their-precursors/ on 3 October 2026, nor in the Agency's consolidation of the list as amended up to Resolution No. 87 of 2 March 2023, nor in Annex 1 to the Criminal Code in the prg.kz consolidation dated 17 June 2026. The texts were searched in Russian and Latin script for "каннабинол", "cbn", "6,6,9-триметил-3-пентил-6н-дибензо[b,d]пиран-1-ол". Item 26 of Перечень 2 names tetrahydrocannabinol isomers and «Дронабинол» names delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, but cannabinol is not named; the search hits were parts of the tetrahydrocannabinol names. Cannabis plant material, resin, hashish and «Масло каннабиса» are controlled as cannabis, so cannabinol inside cannabis material is caught with the cannabis, but isolated cannabinol is not placed. So this cell does not say whether cannabinol is controlled in Tajikistan.
Consequences if caught: Not confirmed. No offence article, size band or penalty is stated for cannabinol, because no entry for it was found in the texts read. Articles 200 and 201 of the Criminal Code also reach «аналогов» of narcotic and psychotropic substances, and article 2 of Law No. 873 defines an analogue as a substance not on the National List «химическая структура и свойства которых сходны с химической структурой и свойствами наркотиков, психоактивное действие которых они воспроизводят». Whether cannabinol meets that test is decided by expert examination in a particular case, and this cell does not settle it. The previous version of this cell named Criminal Code arts 200 to 204 and the quantity list in Criminal Code Appendix 1, Table 1 as the framework its dossier checked.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed. With no entry found for cannabinol, the prescription rule in article 15 of Law No. 873, which governs narcotic and psychotropic substances, is not applied to it here, and no medical route is stated.
Documentation: Not confirmed. No traveller, permit, import or customs rule is stated for cannabinol, because the drug law's permit rule in article 10 of Law No. 873 attaches to listed substances. Routes tried in this run: the Drug Control Agency's 2020 list page and its 2023.doc file, both answered HTTP 200; zakon.kz and spinform.ru copies of the resolution, both paywalled after the opening; the ncz.tj Criminal Code page, HTTP 200 but without the annex table; the ncz.tj Code files, HTTP 503 and 404; the prg.kz consolidation of the Code, HTTP 200 with the annex. Carried from the previous version of this cell: Not confirmed. The dossier row states no traveller, permit, import or customs rule for cannabinol. Its search record for this row, as the dossier gives it: Search record: searched «cannabinol»; transliteration/Latin identifier: cannabinol; searched Government Resolution No. 121 of 27 February 2020, National List in Appendix 1, Table 1 by exact name, synonym and any stated salt, isomer or analogue rule. The near entry «cannabinoid entry and isomer rules» was rejected because it does not by itself establish the same molecule, branded mixture or legal preparation. Then searched Criminal Code Appendix 1, Table 1, list and sizes for «cannabinol» and the same identifiers; no quoted substance-specific quantity row was established. Second instrument checked: Criminal Code arts 200 to 204; it supplies consequences but did not settle the missing substance match. Open point: whether a different schedule synonym or group rule legally reaches cannabinol, and, if so, which quantity rule applies.

Papua New Guinea

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Controlled Substances Act 2021 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Papua New Guinea is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Papua New Guinea's drug schedule; the Controlled Substances Act 2021 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Papua New Guinea, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act 2021, which replaced the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (whose penalties had been capped at around two years). The 2021 Act substantially increased the penalties for possession, dealing and trafficking, modelled on the imprisonment-based regimes of comparable Pacific and Commonwealth jurisdictions; Papua New Guinea repealed the death penalty in 2022, so the ceiling for all offences, drug offences included, is imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. The precise penalty quantities and section numbers under the 2021 Act are not pinned in this cell and should be confirmed against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Papua New Guinea, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act 2021, which replaced the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (whose penalties had been capped at around two years). The 2021 Act substantially increased the penalties for possession, dealing and trafficking, modelled on the imprisonment-based regimes of comparable Pacific and Commonwealth jurisdictions; Papua New Guinea repealed the death penalty in 2022, so the ceiling for all offences, drug offences included, is imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. The precise penalty quantities and section numbers under the 2021 Act are not pinned in this cell and should be confirmed against the current statute. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Controlled Substances Act 2021 (replacing the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952), specific penalty terms not pinned · reported by The National (thenational.com.pg, 2021) · Updated July 14, 2026

Angola

Legal status: Controlled through what it contains rather than under its own name. Cannabinol is not named in the tables and it is not one of the tetrahydrocannabinol isomers enumerated in table II-B. The cannabis plant remains a table I-C substance, so plant material is reached whatever is extracted from it..
Consequences if caught: Cannabinol is not named in the tables and it is not one of the tetrahydrocannabinol isomers enumerated in table II-B. The cannabis plant remains a table I-C substance, so plant material is reached whatever is extracted from it. Trafficking is article 4.º of Lei n.º 3/99. Article 4(1) covers cultivating, producing, manufacturing, offering, selling, distributing, buying, transporting, importing, exporting or unlawfully holding a substance in tables I to III, and reads 'é punido com pena de prisão maior de 8 a 12 anos', in translation that it is punished with major imprisonment of 8 to 12 years. The Supreme Court states the same range in its own words: in Proc. n.º 4790/20 of 14 September 2023 it wrote 'O crime de estupefaciente e outras actividades ilícitas é punido com a pena abstrata de 8 (oito) a 12 (doze) anos de prisão'. Acting against an authorisation actually granted raises that to 12 to 16 years under article 4(2). Where the unlawfulness of the act is considerably diminished, article 8 gives 2 to 8 years instead. Where the sole purpose of that conduct is to obtain the substance for personal use, article 9(1) reduces the sentence to up to 2 years and a corresponding fine, but article 9(3) withdraws that relief once the quantity exceeds what is needed for five days of average individual consumption. Personal use is a separate crime and it has not been decriminalised. Article 23(1) reads 'Aquele que ilicitamente consumir ou, para o seu consumo, cultivar, adquirir ou detiver plantas, substâncias ou preparações compreendidas nas tabelas I a IV, é punido com pena de prisão até três meses', in translation that consuming, or growing, buying or holding for one's own consumption a substance in tables I to IV is punished with imprisonment of up to three months. Article 23(2) raises that to up to 1 year where the quantity exceeds what is needed for three days of average individual consumption. Angola has no administrative commission and no possession threshold that makes the conduct lawful. Angola is a Portuguese model jurisdiction that has not followed Portugal's decriminalisation. No death penalty.
If prescribed / medical: No recognised medical use in Angola through the ordinary prescription channel. Lei n.º 3/99 punishes a doctor or pharmacist who supplies a listed substance for a non therapeutic purpose under article 10.
Documentation: Carry any prescribed medicine in its original packaging with the prescription. Angola is outside the Schengen certificate scheme, so confirm import conditions for a controlled medicine with the Angolan authorities before travel.

Lei n.º 3/99, de 6 de Agosto, arts. 4.º, 8.º, 9.º, 10.º and 23.º and the annexed tables (Diário da República de Angola, I Série, n.º 32, 6 de Agosto de 1999) · Updated September 16, 2026

Côte d'Ivoire

Legal status: Not confirmed, Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Côte d'Ivoire is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Côte d'Ivoire's drug schedule; Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Côte d'Ivoire, drugs fall under Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs), a four-table system that repealed Loi 88-686 of 1988. Trafficking-type offences, cultivation, production, manufacture, import, export, transport and the offer, sale or distribution of Table I high-risk drugs, carry imprisonment of 5 to 10 years plus fines; supplying drugs to a minor carries 5 to 10 years; and personal use carries 1 to 3 months. Penalties are doubled in aggravated cases (violence or a weapon, or commission by a public official). The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Côte d'Ivoire, drugs fall under Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs), a four-table system that repealed Loi 88-686 of 1988. Trafficking-type offences, cultivation, production, manufacture, import, export, transport and the offer, sale or distribution of Table I high-risk drugs, carry imprisonment of 5 to 10 years plus fines; supplying drugs to a minor carries 5 to 10 years; and personal use carries 1 to 3 months. Penalties are doubled in aggravated cases (violence or a weapon, or commission by a public official). The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is a Table I high-risk drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs) · agp.africanlii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Rwanda

Legal status: Not confirmed, Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 (governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors) together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Rwanda is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Rwanda's drug schedule; Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 (governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors) together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Rwanda, drugs fall under Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018, Official Gazette 27/09/2018). The unlawful manufacture, transformation, import, transport, sale or distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is the serious tier, while use and possession sit at lower tiers; the 2018 Penal Code substantially raised drug-offence penalties, serious trafficking reaching long fixed-term to life imprisonment. The exact current Penal Code article year-terms are not separately pinned here, verify against the current Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Rwanda, drugs fall under Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018, Official Gazette 27/09/2018). The unlawful manufacture, transformation, import, transport, sale or distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is the serious tier, while use and possession sit at lower tiers; the 2018 Penal Code substantially raised drug-offence penalties, serious trafficking reaching long fixed-term to life imprisonment. The exact current Penal Code article year-terms are not separately pinned here, verify against the current Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors + Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018, Official Gazette 27/09/2018) · rwandalii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Mozambique

Legal status: Not confirmed, Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Mozambique is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Mozambique's drug schedule; Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Mozambique, drugs fall under Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas), a six-table Portuguese-model statute. Trafficking, manufacture, import, export and distribution of controlled substances carry lengthy imprisonment, the ceiling being life imprisonment for the gravest cases. The precise trafficking-article number and terms are not separately pinned here, verify the exact article and term against the current statute. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Mozambique, drugs fall under Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas), a six-table Portuguese-model statute. Trafficking, manufacture, import, export and distribution of controlled substances carry lengthy imprisonment, the ceiling being life imprisonment for the gravest cases. The precise trafficking-article number and terms are not separately pinned here, verify the exact article and term against the current statute. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas) · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Mauritius

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000, as amended) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Mauritius is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Mauritius's drug schedule; the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000, as amended) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Mauritius, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000), as amended, a three-schedule system (Schedules I, II and III). Drug-dealing and trafficking offences (s.30 and s.29) carry a fine together with penal servitude (imprisonment); for a person averred to be a drug trafficker where the street value of the drugs exceeds one million rupees, the penalty is a fine of up to 2,000,000 rupees together with penal servitude for a term of up to 60 years. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (penal servitude).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Mauritius, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000), as amended, a three-schedule system (Schedules I, II and III). Drug-dealing and trafficking offences (s.30 and s.29) carry a fine together with penal servitude (imprisonment); for a person averred to be a drug trafficker where the street value of the drugs exceeds one million rupees, the penalty is a fine of up to 2,000,000 rupees together with penal servitude for a term of up to 60 years. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (penal servitude). Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000), as amended, ss.29-30 · health.govmu.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Bhutan

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Bhutan is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Bhutan's drug schedule; the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Bhutan, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018), a six-schedule system. Illegal possession (s.137) and illicit trafficking (s.139, possessing, importing, exporting, storing, selling, purchasing, transporting, distributing or supplying Schedule I/II substances) are graded by quantity against the Schedule VII thresholds, with penalties set by reference to the sentencing tiers (felony degrees) of the Penal Code of Bhutan and ranging up to long fixed-term imprisonment. The exact year-terms keyed to those Penal Code felony-degree tiers are not separately pinned here, verify against the current Act and Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Bhutan, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018), a six-schedule system. Illegal possession (s.137) and illicit trafficking (s.139, possessing, importing, exporting, storing, selling, purchasing, transporting, distributing or supplying Schedule I/II substances) are graded by quantity against the Schedule VII thresholds, with penalties set by reference to the sentencing tiers (felony degrees) of the Penal Code of Bhutan and ranging up to long fixed-term imprisonment. The exact year-terms keyed to those Penal Code felony-degree tiers are not separately pinned here, verify against the current Act and Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018), ss.137/139 · oag.gov.bt · Updated July 14, 2026

Botswana

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Botswana is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Botswana's drug schedule; the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Botswana, drugs fall under the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018. Trafficking (s.5) carries imprisonment of up to 25 years together with a fine of up to P500,000, and cultivation (s.6) up to 20 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Botswana retains and uses the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes (murder, treason, piracy under the Penal Code); it does NOT extend to drug offences, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A 2024 government white paper reportedly recommended introducing a death penalty for drug trafficking; this was a recommendation only and has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute. botswanalaws.com is a lead for the consolidated text only, never a cited source.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Botswana, drugs fall under the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018. Trafficking (s.5) carries imprisonment of up to 25 years together with a fine of up to P500,000, and cultivation (s.6) up to 20 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Botswana retains and uses the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes (murder, treason, piracy under the Penal Code); it does NOT extend to drug offences, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A 2024 government white paper reportedly recommended introducing a death penalty for drug trafficking; this was a recommendation only and has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute. botswanalaws.com is a lead for the consolidated text only, never a cited source. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018, ss.5-6 · sherloc.unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Zambia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Zambia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Zambia's drug schedule; the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Zambia, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021, which repealed the former Cap. 96 of 1993. Possession carries up to 15 years and trafficking up to 25 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Zambia retains the death penalty for murder and treason only and is abolitionist in practice (commutations in 2022); it does NOT extend to drug offences, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Zambia, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021, which repealed the former Cap. 96 of 1993. Possession carries up to 15 years and trafficking up to 25 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Zambia retains the death penalty for murder and treason only and is abolitionist in practice (commutations in 2022); it does NOT extend to drug offences, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021 (repealed Cap. 96 of 1993) · zambialii.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Cameroon

Legal status: Not confirmed, Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Cameroon is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Cameroon's drug schedule; Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Cameroon, drugs fall under Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997. Trafficking offences (Sections 91-95) carry imprisonment of 10 to 20 years together with a fine of up to 250,000,000 FCFA; cannabis, heroin and cocaine are high-risk drugs. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cameroon retains the death penalty for terrorism and murder and is abolitionist in practice (no executions since 1997); the drug statute does NOT provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. droitcamerounais.info and vertic.org are leads for the consolidated text only, never cited sources.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Cameroon, drugs fall under Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997. Trafficking offences (Sections 91-95) carry imprisonment of 10 to 20 years together with a fine of up to 250,000,000 FCFA; cannabis, heroin and cocaine are high-risk drugs. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cameroon retains the death penalty for terrorism and murder and is abolitionist in practice (no executions since 1997); the drug statute does NOT provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. droitcamerounais.info and vertic.org are leads for the consolidated text only, never cited sources. Cannabis is a high-risk drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997 (relative au contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs), Sections 91-95 · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Fiji

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Fiji is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Fiji's drug schedule; the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Fiji, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004. The unlawful import, export, manufacture, possession, supply or trafficking of illicit drugs (s.4) carries a fine of up to FJ$1,000,000 together with imprisonment up to life. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is life imprisonment. A March 2026 proposal to reintroduce the death penalty amid trafficking concerns was reported; it has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Fiji, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004. The unlawful import, export, manufacture, possession, supply or trafficking of illicit drugs (s.4) carries a fine of up to FJ$1,000,000 together with imprisonment up to life. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is life imprisonment. A March 2026 proposal to reintroduce the death penalty amid trafficking concerns was reported; it has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute. Cannabis is an illicit drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004, s.4 · laws.gov.fj · Updated July 14, 2026

Liechtenstein

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Liechtenstein is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Liechtenstein's drug schedule; the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Liechtenstein, drugs fall under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983, which follows the Austrian/Swiss model. Trafficking and the unlawful supply of narcotic drugs carry imprisonment; cannabis containing more than 1% THC is prohibited. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Liechtenstein, drugs fall under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983, which follows the Austrian/Swiss model. Trafficking and the unlawful supply of narcotic drugs carry imprisonment; cannabis containing more than 1% THC is prohibited. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis containing more than 1% THC is prohibited under the same Act, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983 · gesetze.li · Updated July 14, 2026

Macau

Legal status: Not confirmed. The Macau 88 substance legal dossier of 2 October 2026 searched Law 17/2009 Tables I-A to VI, as amended through Law 12/2026, in force 18 August 2026, and established no specific matching table item for cannabinol. The dossier's reason: CBN is not named as the Table II-B THC molecule or its printed isomers. Any table or item named in that reason is the dossier's explanation and is not printed in the quoted extract of this row. A row the dossier does not verify leaves the statutory assignment open and does not mean that use or supply is lawful.
Consequences if caught: Not confirmed. The dossier assigns no Law 17/2009 Article 8 or 14 penalty to cannabinol without a supported match in Tables I to IV and notes that other law may apply, so no penalty is stated for it here. It establishes no substance specific daily reference quantity and says not to infer a permitted amount.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed. The dossier does not state a prescription or medical route for cannabinol.
Documentation: Not confirmed, because the dossier records no table item for it. The dossier's own search for this row: Query: 大麻酚; cannabinol; CBN. Inspected Macau Table I-A/I-B/I-C, II-A/II-B/II-C, III, IV, V and VI by Chinese name, Portuguese name and chemical structure; result: No specific matching table item established for “大麻酚; cannabinol; CBN”. The dossier row for this substance carries no URL, so the instrument is cited by name.

Law 17/2009 of Macau, Articles 2 and 4 and Tables I-A to VI, as amended through Law 12/2026, in force 18 August 2026 (amended by Laws 4/2014, 10/2016, 10/2019, 22/2020, 10/2021, 4/2023, 18/2023, 16/2024, 2/2025 and 12/2026) · Updated October 3, 2026

Namibia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Namibia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Namibia's drug schedule; the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Namibia, drugs fall under the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971. Dealing in a dangerous dependence-producing drug (s.2) and possession (s.3) carry imprisonment together with a fine, case law has seen sentences of around 12 years for cocaine dealing, and cannabis possession or dealing draws fines and imprisonment of up to about 10 years; the precise trafficking-quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Namibia, drugs fall under the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971. Dealing in a dangerous dependence-producing drug (s.2) and possession (s.3) carry imprisonment together with a fine, case law has seen sentences of around 12 years for cocaine dealing, and cannabis possession or dealing draws fines and imprisonment of up to about 10 years; the precise trafficking-quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a prohibited dependence-producing drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971, ss.2-3 · namiblii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Madagascar

Legal status: Not confirmed, Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Madagascar is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Madagascar's drug schedule; Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Madagascar, drugs fall under Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs, which classifies drugs across a six-table/high-risk model. Trafficking in a high-risk (Tableau I) drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Madagascar, drugs fall under Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs, which classifies drugs across a six-table/high-risk model. Trafficking in a high-risk (Tableau I) drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Burkina Faso

Legal status: Not confirmed, Burkina Faso's national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Burkina Faso is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Burkina Faso's drug schedule; Burkina Faso's national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Burkina Faso, drugs fall under the national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants). Drug use is punishable by 1 to 6 months' imprisonment, and trafficking or import carries imprisonment; the precise trafficking article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Burkina Faso, drugs fall under the national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants). Drug use is punishable by 1 to 6 months' imprisonment, and trafficking or import carries imprisonment; the precise trafficking article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi sur les stupéfiants (national drug code) · unodc.org · legislationline.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Benin

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Code des Drogues is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Benin is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Benin's drug schedule; the Code des Drogues is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Benin, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues. Cannabis, heroin and cocaine are classified as drogues à haut risque, and any export regardless of quantity is treated as trafficking; trafficking in a high-risk drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Benin, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues. Cannabis, heroin and cocaine are classified as drogues à haut risque, and any export regardless of quantity is treated as trafficking; trafficking in a high-risk drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a drogue à haut risque under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Code des Drogues (Loi) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Mali

Legal status: Not confirmed, Mali's national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Mali is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Mali's drug schedule; Mali's national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Mali, drugs fall under the national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Malian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Mali, drugs fall under the national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Malian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants · unodc.org · https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/ [primary statute portal pending] · Updated July 14, 2026

Togo

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Togo is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Togo's drug schedule; the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Togo, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Togo, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Code des Drogues / loi sur les stupéfiants · unodc.org · legislationline.org · Updated July 14, 2026

DR Congo

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the DR Congo is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the DR Congo's drug schedule; the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, drugs fall under the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917), which prohibits the cultivation, sale, transport, possession and consumption of drugs. Trafficking offences carry 5 to 20 years' servitude pénale principale under Congolese penal doctrine; the precise trafficking article is left to confirmation against the current statute (the 1903/1917 ordinance is old and not granular). The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. The Democratic Republic of the Congo retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (servitude pénale).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, drugs fall under the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917), which prohibits the cultivation, sale, transport, possession and consumption of drugs. Trafficking offences carry 5 to 20 years' servitude pénale principale under Congolese penal doctrine; the precise trafficking article is left to confirmation against the current statute (the 1903/1917 ordinance is old and not granular). The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. The Democratic Republic of the Congo retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (servitude pénale). Cannabis (chanvre) is the drug specifically prohibited by the same Ordonnance, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Ordonnance de 1903 sur le chanvre (approuvée par le Décret du 10 mars 1917) · leganet.cd · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Malawi

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Malawi is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Malawi's drug schedule; the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Malawi, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02). Trafficking and the unlawful possession or supply of dangerous drugs carry imprisonment; the precise penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Malawi, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02). Trafficking and the unlawful possession or supply of dangerous drugs carry imprisonment; the precise penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02) · malawilii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Lesotho

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Lesotho is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Lesotho's drug schedule; the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Lesotho, drugs fall under the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Lesotho retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice; its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Lesotho, drugs fall under the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Lesotho retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice; its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008 · lesotholii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Eswatini

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act (with Pharmacy Act provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Eswatini is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Eswatini's drug schedule; the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act (with Pharmacy Act provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Eswatini, drugs fall under the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act together with provisions of the Pharmacy Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise statute and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eswatini retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice (no executions in decades); its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Eswatini, drugs fall under the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act together with provisions of the Pharmacy Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise statute and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eswatini retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice (no executions in decades); its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act / Pharmacy Act provisions · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Mauritania

Legal status: Not confirmed, Mauritania's national drug control statute (within a sharia-influenced criminal law) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Mauritania is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Mauritania's drug schedule; Mauritania's national drug control statute (within a sharia-influenced criminal law) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Mauritania, drugs fall under the national drug control statute within a sharia-influenced criminal law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty asserted for a drug offence under the named drug law is imprisonment. Not confirmed, Mauritania's criminal law is sharia-influenced and reportedly permits the death penalty for some trafficking offences, but a specific drug death-penalty statute article is not confirmed here. The country has observed a de facto execution moratorium since 1987. Verify against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Mauritania, drugs fall under the national drug control statute within a sharia-influenced criminal law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty asserted for a drug offence under the named drug law is imprisonment. Not confirmed, Mauritania's criminal law is sharia-influenced and reportedly permits the death penalty for some trafficking offences, but a specific drug death-penalty statute article is not confirmed here. The country has observed a de facto execution moratorium since 1987. Verify against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Mauritania national drug control statute (sharia-influenced criminal law) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Sierra Leone

Legal status: Not confirmed, the National Drugs Control Act 2008 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Sierra Leone is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Sierra Leone's drug schedule; the National Drugs Control Act 2008 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Sierra Leone, drugs fall under the National Drugs Control Act 2008, which schedules drugs as Prohibited, High-Risk and Risk drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Sierra Leone, drugs fall under the National Drugs Control Act 2008, which schedules drugs as Prohibited, High-Risk and Risk drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

National Drugs Control Act 2008 · sierra-leone.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Seychelles

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Seychelles is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Seychelles' drug schedule; the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Seychelles, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, with aggravated trafficking punishable by up to life imprisonment; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Seychelles, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, with aggravated trafficking punishable by up to life imprisonment; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Misuse of Drugs Act, 2016 · seylii.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Cabo Verde

Legal status: Not confirmed, Lei n.º 78/IV/93 (the drug law) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Cabo Verde is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Cabo Verde's drug schedule; Lei n.º 78/IV/93 (the drug law) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Cabo Verde, drugs fall under Lei n.º 78/IV/93, which follows the Lusophone six-table model. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Cabo Verdean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Cabo Verde, drugs fall under Lei n.º 78/IV/93, which follows the Lusophone six-table model. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Cabo Verdean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Lei n.º 78/IV/93 (Lusophone six-table model) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Gambia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Gambia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Gambia's drug schedule; the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Gambia, drugs fall under the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Gambian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Gambia, drugs fall under the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Gambian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Belize

Legal status: Cannabinol is printed in Belize's Misuse of Drugs Regulations at Schedule I paragraph 1(a), in the Misuse of Drugs Act Chapter 103 volume of the Subsidiary Laws of Belize, Revised Edition 2020, which shows the subsidiary laws as at 31 December 2020. It stands between Bufotenine and the separate entry for Cannabinol derivatives. That schedule's heading reads «CONTROLLED DRUGS SUBJECT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF REGULATIONS 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25 AND 26.» The subsidiary law made under Chapter 103 therefore calls what it lists a controlled drug, and this substance is one of them. Cannabinol and Cannabinol derivatives are two entries, not one. The Act defines the second at section 2(1)(f) as the tetrahydro derivatives of cannabinol and the 3-alkyl homologues of cannabinol or of its tetrahydro derivatives, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin. Cannabinol itself carries no definition anywhere in the volume and needs none, because it is named outright. No class is given here. Class follows from Part I, Part II or Part III of the Act's Second Schedule under section 4, and the subsidiary volume read for this row prints no part of that schedule and uses the words Class A, Class B and Class C nowhere at all. The schedule placement in this cell is read off the instrument and is not printed in the quoted dossier extract, which names the Act's schedules only as a range.
Consequences if caught: Section 7(1) of the Act makes it unlawful to have a controlled drug in your possession, section 7(2) makes that an offence, and section 7(3) makes possession with intent to supply a separate offence. Section 17 of the 1990 Act text sets one penalty for drug trafficking and for possession for the purpose of trafficking, and it does not vary by class. On summary conviction it is a fine of not less than twenty five thousand dollars rising to one hundred thousand, or three times the street value of the drug if that is greater, or imprisonment of not less than five years rising to ten, or both. On conviction on indictment it is a fine of not less than one hundred thousand dollars rising to five hundred thousand, or three times the street value, or imprisonment of not less than seven years rising to fourteen, or both. The ordinary possession maximum is not given here. Section 27 takes it from the Act's Third Schedule, column by column, according to whether the drug is Class A, Class B or Class C, and neither that schedule nor the Second Schedule that assigns the class was among the four instruments in the volume read. One caution about section numbers. The Act text read here is the Misuse of Drugs Act 1990, Act 22 of 1990, as UNODC holds it, and the current Chapter 103 has been renumbered since. The Cannabis Violation Tickets Regulations cite section 12 for the smoking offence the 1990 text puts at section 11, and section 18 for the school premises presumption the 1990 text puts at section 17, so the current numbering runs one ahead from about section 11. Section 7 is the possession section in both, which the ticket schedule confirms independently. The same amendments that renumbered the Act may also have changed what these provisions say, so every figure quoted here from the 1990 text is the figure as enacted in 1990 and its currency is not established.

Kosovo

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Kosovo is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Kosovo's drug schedule; the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Kosovo, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Kosovo, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) · Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors · gzk.rks-gov.net · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Timor-Leste

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Timor-Leste is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Timor-Leste's drug schedule; the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Timor-Leste, drug trafficking falls under the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles), backed by the country's adhesion to the UN 1988 Convention. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the Penal Code's maximum term is 30 years, with no life imprisonment; the precise drug-trafficking article and penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Timor-Leste, drug trafficking falls under the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles), backed by the country's adhesion to the UN 1988 Convention. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the Penal Code's maximum term is 30 years, with no life imprisonment; the precise drug-trafficking article and penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles) · UN 1988 Convention (adhesion) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Eritrea

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Eritrea is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Eritrea's drug schedule; the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Eritrea, drugs fall under the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions), which grades drug trafficking by scale: small-scale trafficking carries 3 to 5 years, a commercial quantity 5 to 7 years, a large commercial quantity 7 to 10 years, and supply to a minor 16 to 19 years; personal-use possession is a lesser offence; the precise article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eritrea retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its Penal Code drug provisions do not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Eritrea, drugs fall under the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions), which grades drug trafficking by scale: small-scale trafficking carries 3 to 5 years, a commercial quantity 5 to 7 years, a large commercial quantity 7 to 10 years, and supply to a minor 16 to 19 years; personal-use possession is a lesser offence; the precise article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eritrea retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its Penal Code drug provisions do not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Penal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Somalia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Somalia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Somalia's drug schedule; the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Somalia, drug offences fall under the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised); Somalia has ratified the UN narcotic conventions but has no modern codified drug-control statute with quantified penalties, so the precise penalty is not cleanly pinned. The maximum penalty asserted under the named (dated) Penal Code is imprisonment; the specific penalty is left to confirmation against the current statute. Not confirmed, Somalia carries out executions for the gravest non-drug crimes, but no codified drug-death-penalty statute article is confirmed here; the 1964 Penal Code governs drug offences and its specific penalties are not confirmed. Verify against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Somalia, drug offences fall under the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised); Somalia has ratified the UN narcotic conventions but has no modern codified drug-control statute with quantified penalties, so the precise penalty is not cleanly pinned. The maximum penalty asserted under the named (dated) Penal Code is imprisonment; the specific penalty is left to confirmation against the current statute. Not confirmed, Somalia carries out executions for the gravest non-drug crimes, but no codified drug-death-penalty statute article is confirmed here; the 1964 Penal Code governs drug offences and its specific penalties are not confirmed. Verify against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same dated Penal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Congo

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Republic of the Congo's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Republic of the Congo is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Republic of the Congo's drug schedule; the Republic of the Congo's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Republic of the Congo Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Burundi

Legal status: Not confirmed, Burundi's Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Burundi is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Burundi's drug schedule; Burundi's Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Burundi, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Burundi, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Burundi Penal Code 2009 drug provisions / loi sur les stupéfiants · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Djibouti

Legal status: Not confirmed, Djibouti's national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Djibouti is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Djibouti's drug schedule; Djibouti's national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Djibouti, drugs fall under the national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Djibouti, drugs fall under the national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Djibouti national drug law / Penal Code drug provisions · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Gabon

Legal status: Not confirmed, Gabon's Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Gabon is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Gabon's drug schedule; Gabon's Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Gabon, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Gabon, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Gabon Penal Code drug provisions / loi sur les stupéfiants · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Guinea

Legal status: Not confirmed, Guinea's drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Guinea is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Guinea's drug schedule; Guinea's drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Guinea, drugs fall under the national drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Guinea, drugs fall under the national drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Guinea drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN · Loi sur le contrôle des drogues) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Niger

Legal status: Not confirmed, Niger's drug law (Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Niger is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Niger's drug schedule; Niger's drug law (Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Niger, drugs fall under Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Nigerien drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Niger, drugs fall under Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Nigerien drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue (Niger) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Chad

Legal status: Not confirmed, Chad's drug law (Loi n° 31/PR/2018 / Penal Code drug provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Chad is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Chad's drug schedule; Chad's drug law (Loi n° 31/PR/2018 / Penal Code drug provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Chad, drugs fall under Loi n° 31/PR/2018 together with the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Chadian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Chad, drugs fall under Loi n° 31/PR/2018 together with the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Chadian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Loi n° 31/PR/2018 / Penal Code drug provisions (Chad) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Central African Republic

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Central African Republic's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Central African Republic is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Central African Republic's drug schedule; the Central African Republic's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Central African Republic, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Central African drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Central African Republic, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Central African drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Central African Republic Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Liberia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014 (as amended in 2022) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Liberia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Liberia's drug schedule; the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014 (as amended in 2022) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Liberia, drugs fall under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014, as amended in 2022 to reclassify drug offences as a first-degree felony. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Liberia retains the death penalty in law for the gravest non-drug crimes (it has not carried out an execution in decades and has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Liberia, drugs fall under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014, as amended in 2022 to reclassify drug offences as a first-degree felony. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Liberia retains the death penalty in law for the gravest non-drug crimes (it has not carried out an execution in decades and has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014 (as amended 2022) (Liberia) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Equatorial Guinea

Legal status: Not confirmed, Equatorial Guinea's Penal Code 2022 drug provisions (national drug law) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Equatorial Guinea is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Equatorial Guinea's drug schedule; Equatorial Guinea's Penal Code 2022 drug provisions (national drug law) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Equatorial Guinea, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2022 drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Equatoguinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Equatorial Guinea, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2022 drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Equatoguinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Equatorial Guinea Penal Code 2022 drug provisions / national drug law · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Guinea-Bissau

Legal status: Not confirmed, Guinea-Bissau's drug-control law (Lei n.º 7/2008) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Guinea-Bissau is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Guinea-Bissau's drug schedule; Guinea-Bissau's drug-control law (Lei n.º 7/2008) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Guinea-Bissau, drugs fall under Lei n.º 7/2008 (the national drug-control law); the country is a known trans-shipment state. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Bissau-Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Guinea-Bissau, drugs fall under Lei n.º 7/2008 (the national drug-control law); the country is a known trans-shipment state. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Bissau-Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Lei n.º 7/2008 / Guinea-Bissau national drug-control law · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Comoros

Legal status: Not confirmed, Comoros' national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Comoros is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Comoros' drug schedule; Comoros' national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Comoros, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Comorian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Comoros, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Comorian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Comoros Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

South Sudan

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Penal Code Act, 2008 (South Sudan) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in South Sudan is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against South Sudan's drug schedule; the Penal Code Act, 2008 (South Sudan) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In South Sudan, drugs fall under the Penal Code Act, 2008. Under the Penal Code Act 2008, high-level/aggravated drug trafficking is a capital offence, the Penal Code enumerates the offences punishable by death, which include high-level drug trafficking alongside murder, treason and terrorism resulting in death; lower-level drug offences and personal-use possession carry imprisonment and/or a fine. South Sudan actively carries out executions (140+ between 2011 and 2018, with 300+ reported on death row), and a death sentence must be confirmed by the President and the Supreme Court. The specific Penal Code article for the drug capital provision is left to confirmation against the current Penal Code; the capital-for-high-level-trafficking assertion itself stands.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In South Sudan, drugs fall under the Penal Code Act, 2008. Under the Penal Code Act 2008, high-level/aggravated drug trafficking is a capital offence, the Penal Code enumerates the offences punishable by death, which include high-level drug trafficking alongside murder, treason and terrorism resulting in death; lower-level drug offences and personal-use possession carry imprisonment and/or a fine. South Sudan actively carries out executions (140+ between 2011 and 2018, with 300+ reported on death row), and a death sentence must be confirmed by the President and the Supreme Court. The specific Penal Code article for the drug capital provision is left to confirmation against the current Penal Code; the capital-for-high-level-trafficking assertion itself stands. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Penal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

The Penal Code Act, 2008 (South Sudan) · wipo.int · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Vanuatu

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12) (Vanuatu) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Vanuatu is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Vanuatu's drug schedule; the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12) (Vanuatu) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Vanuatu, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Ni-Vanuatu drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Vanuatu, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Ni-Vanuatu drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Dangerous Drugs Act, Cap. 12 (Vanuatu) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Samoa

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Narcotics Act 1967 (Samoa) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Samoa is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Samoa's drug schedule; the Narcotics Act 1967 (Samoa) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Samoa, drugs fall under the Narcotics Act 1967. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Samoan drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Samoa, drugs fall under the Narcotics Act 1967. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Samoan drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotics Act 1967 (Samoa) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Solomon Islands

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98) (Solomon Islands) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Solomon Islands is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Solomon Islands' drug schedule; the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98) (Solomon Islands) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Solomon Islands, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Solomon Islands drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Solomon Islands, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Solomon Islands drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Dangerous Drugs Act, Cap. 98 (Solomon Islands) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Andorra

Legal status: Not confirmed, Andorra's Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Andorra is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Andorra's drug schedule; Andorra's Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Andorra, drugs fall under the Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Andorran drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Andorra, drugs fall under the Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Andorran drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Penal Code provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Andorra Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Monaco

Legal status: Not confirmed, Monaco's drug law (Penal Code / Loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Monaco is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Monaco's drug schedule; Monaco's drug law (Penal Code / Loi sur les stupéfiants) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Monaco, drugs fall under the Penal Code together with the Loi sur les stupéfiants. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Monégasque drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Monaco, drugs fall under the Penal Code together with the Loi sur les stupéfiants. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Monégasque drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Monaco Penal Code / Loi sur les stupéfiants · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

San Marino

Legal status: Not confirmed, San Marino's Penal Code drug provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in San Marino is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against San Marino's drug schedule; San Marino's Penal Code drug provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In San Marino, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Sammarinese drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In San Marino, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Sammarinese drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is controlled under the same provisions, with a regulated medical-cannabis regime permitted while recreational supply remains prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

San Marino Penal Code drug provisions · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Cook Islands

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Cook Islands' Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Cook Islands is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Cook Islands' drug schedule; the Cook Islands' Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Cook Islands, drugs fall under the Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Cook Islands, drugs fall under the Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004 (Cook Islands) · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Nauru

Legal status: Not confirmed, Nauru's drug law (Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 / Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Nauru is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Nauru's drug schedule; Nauru's drug law (Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 / Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Nauru, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 together with the Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Nauru, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 together with the Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 / Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions (Nauru) · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Palau

Legal status: Not confirmed, Palau's National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Palau is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Palau's drug schedule; Palau's National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Palau, drugs fall under the National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Palau, drugs fall under the National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Title 34 provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Palau National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Tonga

Legal status: Not confirmed, Tonga's Illicit Drugs Control Act (as amended in 2020 and 2021) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Tonga is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Tonga's drug schedule; Tonga's Illicit Drugs Control Act (as amended in 2020 and 2021) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Tonga, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act, as amended in 2020 and 2021. The 2020 amendment toughened penalties (modelled on New Zealand's drug law); trafficking and serious offences carry up to life imprisonment, and the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life). Tonga retains the death penalty in law for murder and treason under the Criminal Offences Act (abolitionist in practice, no execution since 1982), but its drug legislation does NOT provide a death penalty: a 2021 bill to extend the death penalty to serious drug trafficking was debated and REJECTED by the Legislative Assembly (the death-penalty provisions were withdrawn before the Illicit Drugs Control Bill passed 19-0), and a 2004 proposal to add the death penalty for drug possession was likewise defeated. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Tonga, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act, as amended in 2020 and 2021. The 2020 amendment toughened penalties (modelled on New Zealand's drug law); trafficking and serious offences carry up to life imprisonment, and the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life). Tonga retains the death penalty in law for murder and treason under the Criminal Offences Act (abolitionist in practice, no execution since 1982), but its drug legislation does NOT provide a death penalty: a 2021 bill to extend the death penalty to serious drug trafficking was debated and REJECTED by the Legislative Assembly (the death-penalty provisions were withdrawn before the Illicit Drugs Control Bill passed 19-0), and a 2004 proposal to add the death penalty for drug possession was likewise defeated. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life). [reported, NOT enacted] A 2021 private member's bill proposed a mandatory death sentence for trafficking 5 kg or more of a Class A drug; it was rejected and is NOT law. Verify against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

· Updated July 14, 2026

Kiribati

Legal status: Not confirmed, Kiribati's Penal Code / drug-control provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Kiribati is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Kiribati's drug schedule; Kiribati's Penal Code / drug-control provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Kiribati, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Kiribati, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Kiribati Penal Code / drug-control provisions · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Tuvalu

Legal status: Not confirmed, Tuvalu's Penal Code / drug-control provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Tuvalu is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Tuvalu's drug schedule; Tuvalu's Penal Code / drug-control provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Tuvalu, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Tuvalu, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Tuvalu Penal Code / drug-control provisions · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Marshall Islands

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Marshall Islands Revised Code (Title 25 / controlled-substances provisions) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Marshall Islands is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Marshall Islands' drug schedule; the Marshall Islands Revised Code (Title 25 / controlled-substances provisions) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Marshall Islands, drugs fall under the Revised Code, Title 25 (controlled-substances provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Marshall Islands, drugs fall under the Revised Code, Title 25 (controlled-substances provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Marshall Islands Revised Code (Title 25 / controlled-substances provisions) · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Micronesia

Legal status: Not confirmed, the FSM Code Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Micronesia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Micronesia's drug schedule; the FSM Code Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Micronesia (the Federated States of Micronesia), drugs fall under the FSM Code, Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Micronesia (the Federated States of Micronesia), drugs fall under the FSM Code, Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

FSM Code Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions · paclii.org · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Suriname

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not named on either list. 'Tetrahydrocannabinol' is printed at lijst I onderdeel C with footnote 10, 'Met inbegrip van de (stereo-) isomeren', including the (stereo)isomers, and cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol and not an isomer of one. The text read for this cell is the consolidation that stops at S.B. 2002 no. 68, so it is twenty four years old. Article 3 lid 2 lets further middelen be designated by Staatsbesluit and article 3 lid 3 lets the Minister designate one at short notice with the approval of the Procureur-Generaal, and article 4 lid 2 does the same for lijst II. No register of those designations was located, so anything added since 2002 is outside what was read and this does not rule out a later designation.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. This act carries no death penalty and its heaviest sentence is levenslange gevangenisstraf, life imprisonment, under article 11 lid 1. Searched as 'cannabinol', 'CBN' and 'tetrahydrocannabinol'. The first returns only as a substring of the third, which is the trap in this row and the reason it is set out: a text search for cannabinol appears to find an entry and what it has found is the last eleven letters of a different word. Cannabinol is the fully aromatic oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol and carries four hydrogen atoms fewer, so it has a different molecular formula and cannot be an isomer on any reading of footnote 10. Plant material is a separate matter: lijst II onderdeel B covers every part of a Cannabis plant from which the resin has not been extracted, whatever it is called in trade, so cannabinol in flower or in an aged sample of herbal cannabis is caught through hennep rather than through an entry of its own. One structural point governs how far an entry reaches. Only lijst I onderdeel A closes with the isomer, ester, ether and salt clauses; lijst I onderdeel B closes with an isomer and salt clause; and lijst I onderdeel C, lijst I onderdeel D and both parts of lijst II onderdeel A close with a single sentence, 'Preparaten die één of meer van vorengenoemde substanties bevatten', preparations containing one or more of the substances named above, and nothing else. There is no analogue limb and no definition by effect anywhere in the act. No offence in this act attaches to a middel that is not on lijst I or lijst II and has not been designated under article 3 lid 2, article 3 lid 3 or article 4 lid 2, because every prohibition in articles 3 and 4 is framed by reference to those lists and those designations, and the act contains no analogue limb and no definition by effect. If a designation has been made, the bands are the ones the act sets for the list the substance is put on. On lijst I, possession and use are article 3 lid 1 under C and carry at most thirteen years under article 11 lid 3, while supply, manufacture and the import, export and transit limb carry levenslange gevangenisstraf under article 11 lid 1. On lijst II, supply, possession and manufacture all carry at most thirteen years under article 11 lid 3 and only the import, export and transit limb carries levenslange gevangenisstraf. Because no register of designations was read, a reader cannot be told which of those applies, and that is why this row is left unresolved rather than reported as permitted.

North Korea

Legal status: Not confirmed, the DPRK Criminal Code (2013 revision and later amendments) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in North Korea is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against North Korea's drug schedule; the DPRK Criminal Code (2013 revision and later amendments) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In North Korea, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the DPRK (2013 revision and later amendments). The 2013 penal code revision designated illegal drug production a capital offence, and serious drug trafficking and smuggling are treated as grave crimes that can carry the death penalty; lower-level offences carry imprisonment or corrective labour. North Korea is among the small group of states with believed or confirmed drug-related executions in recent years (per the Harm Reduction International Global Overview); independent verification is constrained by extreme state opacity, and the specific Criminal Code article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for the gravest drug offences is death. A primary statute portal for DPRK law was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In North Korea, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the DPRK (2013 revision and later amendments). The 2013 penal code revision designated illegal drug production a capital offence, and serious drug trafficking and smuggling are treated as grave crimes that can carry the death penalty; lower-level offences carry imprisonment or corrective labour. North Korea is among the small group of states with believed or confirmed drug-related executions in recent years (per the Harm Reduction International Global Overview); independent verification is constrained by extreme state opacity, and the specific Criminal Code article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for the gravest drug offences is death. A primary statute portal for DPRK law was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Criminal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Criminal Code of the DPRK (2013 revision and later amendments) · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

State of Palestine

Legal status: Not confirmed, the applicable Palestinian penal law (Gaza Strip military orders / West Bank Palestinian Authority framework) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the State of Palestine is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the State of Palestine's drug schedule; the applicable Palestinian penal law (Gaza Strip military orders / West Bank Palestinian Authority framework) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the State of Palestine, drug law differs by territory. In the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip, serious drug trafficking is a capital offence under military orders, and Gaza courts have sentenced people to death for drug trafficking (for example, four death sentences in 2022) with executions carried out. In the West Bank, the Palestinian Authority applies a different framework and maintains a longstanding execution moratorium. Harm Reduction International's 2023 Global Overview lists the State of Palestine among states retaining the death penalty for drug offences. The precise governing instrument and article are left to confirmation against the current law in each territory. [jurisdiction-split] Capital drug provisions are associated with the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip; the West Bank / Palestinian Authority framework differs and maintains an execution moratorium. Verify against the current governing law in each territory. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the State of Palestine, drug law differs by territory. In the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip, serious drug trafficking is a capital offence under military orders, and Gaza courts have sentenced people to death for drug trafficking (for example, four death sentences in 2022) with executions carried out. In the West Bank, the Palestinian Authority applies a different framework and maintains a longstanding execution moratorium. Harm Reduction International's 2023 Global Overview lists the State of Palestine among states retaining the death penalty for drug offences. The precise governing instrument and article are left to confirmation against the current law in each territory. [jurisdiction-split] Capital drug provisions are associated with the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip; the West Bank / Palestinian Authority framework differs and maintains an execution moratorium. Verify against the current governing law in each territory. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record. Cannabis is a controlled drug, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Antigua and Barbuda

Legal status: Controlled. It is a Class A drug, and the isolated substance is treated more severely than the plant. It is printed in Part I of the First Schedule to the Misuse of Drugs Act, Cap. 283, which is the Class A list, and possession of it is an offence under section 6(2).
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. No provision of the Misuse of Drugs Act, Cap. 283 imposes a capital penalty. The heaviest term printed anywhere in it is 14 years, in the General column of the Second Schedule against section 10, and section 26 gives 10 years on conviction on indictment for import or export of a Class A or Class B drug. The First Schedule entry read for this row is 'Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin.', standing in Part I. This Part placement is not printed in the dossier quotation, which cites only 'First Schedule, Parts I to III' as a search scope; it is read from the Act's own First Schedule. The First Schedule is printed in two columns, so the class is taken from the entry's position within its Part and not from the line it shares with the facing column. 'Cannabinol derivatives.' is printed as a separate Class A entry immediately below, and Part IV defines that expression as meaning, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin, tetrahydro derivatives of cannabinol and 3-alkyl homologues of cannabinol or of its tetrahydro derivatives. The carve out in both places is the Act's own signal about how the two routes interact: the cannabinol route is for the isolated substance and the cannabis route in Part II is for plant material, which is Class B. The Second Schedule gives the punishments, under section 25. Possession under section 6(2) carries, on summary conviction, 2 years and a fine of not less than 5,000 dollars and not exceeding 200,000 dollars, and on conviction on indictment 7 years and a fine. Production under section 5(2) carries, on summary conviction, 2 years and a fine of not less than 20,000 dollars and not exceeding 500,000 dollars, and on indictment 7 years and a fine. Supplying or offering to supply under section 5(3) carries, on summary conviction, 2 years and a fine of not less than 20,000 dollars and not exceeding 500,000 dollars, and on indictment 7 years and a fine. Possession with intent to supply under section 6(3) takes the same summary figures as section 5(3) and 7 years and a fine on indictment. Import and export are dealt with by section 26: on summary conviction a penalty of six times the value of the goods or not less than 20,000 dollars and not exceeding 200,000 dollars, whichever is the greater, together with 12 months, and on conviction on indictment a pecuniary penalty of such amount as the court may determine together with 10 years. The class decides less here than in the United Kingdom Act this one follows. Production, supply and possession carry the same summary figures for Class A, Class B and Class C, and the classes separate only on the indictment limb and on the money figures and the maximum for import and export. This is stated from the consolidated text of Cap. 283 in the Revised Edition of the Laws of Antigua and Barbuda, whose printed amendment list runs 21 of 1973, 5 of 1975, 10 of 1979, 9 of 1982, 11 of 1987 and 18 of 1989, read on 22 September 2026. Section 3(2) provides that the Minister may by Order make such amendments to the First Schedule or any part thereof as may be necessary, so an Order made after that consolidation is not excluded by this cell.

Barbados

Legal status: Under the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act, Cap. 131, enacted as Act 1990-14 and commenced 15 August 1990, read in the L.R.O. 1991 revised edition, no entry in Parts I, II or III of the First Schedule places it, and the consequence is that it is not a controlled drug within section 3. This one is a genuine oddity in the drafting and it is reported rather than tidied. Part V of the First Schedule defines «cannabinol derivatives» to mean «tetrahydro derivatives of cannabinol and 3-alkyl homologues of cannobinol or of its tetrahydro derivatives», spelling the word two ways in one sentence. But the expression is never used in Part I, Part II or Part III, and the compound itself has no row. A definition that no operative list invokes controls nothing, so the defined expression does not place this compound. Section 3 makes a substance a controlled drug only by its presence in the First Schedule, and section 3(2) lets the Minister by order add to or remove from Parts I to III of that Schedule, after consultation with the Drug Formulary Committee under section 3(3) and subject to affirmative resolution under section 3(4). The edition read is the L.R.O. 1991 consolidation served by the Barbados law courts statute portal. No amending order or later revision was located on that portal, so anything made after that revision has not been read and is not asserted here.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The Fourth Schedule, given effect by section 37, sets the punishment for every offence under the Act, and it was read row by row from the section 4(3) row to the section 35(3) row, which is its last. Not one row carries death. The heaviest punishment it prints anywhere is «Imprisonment for life» on indictment. The figures in those rows are given here only to size the gap that a placement would close. A controlled drug on the same facts draws a fine of $250,000 or 5 years or both summarily and $500,000 or 20 years or both on indictment for simple possession, and imprisonment for life on indictment for trafficking. No offence attaches, and the Part V definition does not change that, because a definition unused by any operative list creates no placement and therefore no Fourth Schedule exposure. Two things keep this from being a safety statement. Section 3(2) lets the Minister add a substance to any of Parts I to III by order, so the position can change without an Act of Parliament and without warning to a traveller. And section 20(3) reaches a person who supplies something «represented or held out to be a controlled drug but which is not a controlled drug», so conduct around an unscheduled powder can still be an offence. Barbados retains capital punishment for murder in its general criminal law. This Act is not part of that and provides no death penalty for any drug offence, which is why the opening sentence reads as it does.
If prescribed / medical: Section 6(1) makes possession of a controlled drug unlawful unless regulations under section 12 permit it, and section 12(3) requires the Minister to secure that a practitioner acting as such may prescribe, administer, compound or supply, and that a practitioner or pharmacist may possess for that purpose. The Act defines «doctor» as a medical practitioner registered in the Medical Register under the Medical Registration Act, Cap. 371, and «dentist» and «veterinary practitioner» by the equivalent Barbados registers, so the lawful route runs through a Barbados registration and not through a foreign one. Importation is a separate question under section 4(1), which an arriving traveller engages on their own account. Section 12 does not reach it on this reading, because the Part V definition that names its derivatives is never invoked by an operative list. It is present in aged plant material rather than dispensed, so no prescription attaches to it in isolation. Section 3(2) lets the Minister add a substance to any Part of the First Schedule by order, so this answer is dated rather than permanent.

Dominica

Legal status: Cannabinol is a Class A controlled drug under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Chapter 40:07. Part I of the Third Schedule prints the entry «Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin». The exception is part of the printed entry and not a gloss on it, so cannabinol inside plant material is answered by the Class B cannabis entry and cannabinol outside it by this Class A one; the Part I list prints «Cannabinol derivatives» immediately below as a separate entry, defined in Part IV. Section 4(1)(a) makes a controlled drug any substance for the time being specified in Parts I, II or III of that Schedule and section 4(1)(b) makes a Class A drug any substance specified in Part I. Paragraph 4 of Part I extends the entry to any salt of the listed substance and paragraph 5 to any preparation or other product containing it. The placement is stated as at the revision this text carries: the Third Schedule occupies printed pages 30 to 33 and those pages are authorised by the footer note «L.R.O. 1/1991». Section 4(3) lets the Minister amend Parts I to III by Order after consulting the Advisory Council, and this consolidation reproduces no Order made after that authorisation, so the placement stated here is a floor and not a closed account of the position today. The compilation recorded «CANNABINOL» as the printed entry for this row. The Act does carry that word, but not in that form and not on its own: it is a recased fragment of a longer printed entry, and the entry quoted above is what the page actually prints. The rest of that record's quotation column is largely in another language and nothing else from it was carried across.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The word death appears nowhere in this Act, counted across the whole 64 page chapter. The ceiling, however, is not in the Fourth Schedule: every limb of that Schedule stops at fourteen years and $200,000, and section 16 sits outside it carrying imprisonment for life. The Fourth Schedule, headed «PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT OF OFFENCES» and given effect by section 27, sets every maximum by the class of drug involved, so the Class A column governs this row. Possession under section 7(2) carries eighteen months and $50,000 on summary conviction and three years and $100,000 on indictment. Possession with intent to supply under section 7(3) carries three years and $100,000 on summary conviction and fourteen years and $200,000 on indictment. Supplying or offering to supply under section 6(3) carries three years and $100,000 on summary conviction and fourteen years and $200,000 on indictment. Importation or exportation under section 5(3) carries three years and $100,000 on summary conviction and fourteen years and $200,000 on indictment. Section 7(4) carries the only quantity figures in the Act and it names five substances only, diacetylmorphine, cocaine, opium, morphine and cannabis or cannabis resin. Cannabinol is not among them, so no quantity presumption attaches to this row and the class column alone decides the ceiling. The Fourth Schedule prints its money figures with a dollar sign and does not name the currency in the table itself. Section 16 is where the real maximum lives and it is not among the offences the Fourth Schedule prosecutes. Section 16(2) reaches a drug trafficking offence, or possession of a controlled drug for the purpose of drug trafficking, committed in any school, prison or military premises; section 16(5) reaches the same two offences where the person uses violence, corrupts or attempts to corrupt an official of the State, or uses a child as carrier. Each carries on summary conviction a fine of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or three times the street value of the drug where there is evidence of it and that is greater, together with imprisonment which may extend to fifteen years but shall not be less than seven; and on conviction on indictment, imprisonment for life. Section 16(3) adds that a person found in possession of a controlled drug in any school premises is deemed to have it for the purpose of drug trafficking unless the contrary is proved, with the burden on the accused, and section 16(4) extends school premises to playing fields and other premises maintained for pupils whether or not within the curtilage of the school. Section 17(4) separately punishes handling the proceeds of drug trafficking with fourteen years and fifty thousand dollars on indictment. These figures are the ones the Fourth Schedule carries in the consolidation read, whose Schedule pages are authorised to «L.R.O. 1/1991». They are stated as at that authorisation and not as a claim about today: an amendment can lower or remove a penalty as readily as an Order under section 4(3) can add a substance, and one such amendment has been found and read. One later amendment was found, read in full and is relied on here: the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) (Amendment) Act 2020, Act No. 16 of 2020, assented to and gazetted on 30 October 2020. It amends section 7(4), inserts new sections 7A and 7B and amends section 8, and it does not touch the Third Schedule, so it moves the cannabis possession rules without moving any substance between the Parts. Its existence is the measured proof that the consolidation held here is not current, which is why an absence from that consolidation is not published as a finding.

Grenada

Legal status: Not listed in the First Schedule to the Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act, Chapter 84A, as that schedule stands as at SRO 16 of 2011. The word cannabinol is printed three times and every occurrence is inside a Part IV definition of an expression that no Part of the schedule ever uses. Section 3(2) lets the Minister amend the First Schedule by Order subject to affirmative resolution, so the printed schedule is not the last word and no Order later than SRO 16 of 2011 was read here.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. Searched as 'cannabinol' and as 'CBN'. The three hits are all in the Part IV definition of 'cannabinol derivatives', which reads 'tetrahydro derivatives of cannabinol and 3-alkyl homologues of cannabinol or of its tetrahydro derivatives'. Cannabinol itself is not one of those derivatives, it is not an entry in Part I, Part II or Part III, and the defined expression is never referred to by any Part, so it controls nothing on its own. Section 3(1) defines a controlled drug exhaustively as a narcotic drug listed in Part I of the First Schedule, a psychotropic substance listed in Part II, or a listed substance listed in Part III. There is no analogue limb and no definition by effect. No offence in this act reaches it, because every offence in Parts II to V is framed in relation to a controlled drug and section 3(1) confines that expression to the three Parts of the First Schedule. The Part of the First Schedule named in this cell is read from the act itself and is not printed in the quoted dossier extract, which cites the schedule only as Parts I to IV.
If prescribed / medical: Not a controlled drug under this act, so the section 12 and section 24 prescription machinery for controlled drugs does not reach cannabinol. Whether it is regulated as a medicine or as a consumer product under Grenada's separate pharmacy and medicines law was not established here.
Documentation: No controlled drug documentation requirement arises under this act, because the substance is outside it. Carry any prescribed medicine in its original pharmacy packaging with the prescription. No local traveller permit scheme was established here.

Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act, Chapter 84A of the Laws of Grenada, Act No. 7 of 1992 as amended by SRO 16 of 2011, sections 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 21, 24 and 37, the First Schedule Parts I to IV, the Second Schedule and the Fifth Schedule, read as at SRO 16 of 2011 · laws.gov.gd · consulted 22 September 2026 · Updated September 21, 2026

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Legal status: Not confirmed, Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Saint Kitts and Nevis is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Saint Kitts and Nevis's drug schedule; Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, drugs fall under Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Kitts and Nevis retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Saint Kitts and Nevis, drugs fall under Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Kitts and Nevis retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Saint Lucia

Legal status: Controlled. Class A drug under section 4(1)(b), specified in Part I of Schedule 2. The entry as printed is 'Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin', and a second entry reads 'Cannabinol derivatives'. Part IV defines the second: 'cannabinol derivatives means the following substances, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin, namely tetrahydro derivatives of cannabinol and 3-alkyl homologues of cannabinol or of its tetrahydro derivatives'. The carve out matters: isolated cannabinol is Class A, while cannabinol inside plant material is not caught by this entry at all and is dealt with as cannabis. Section 4(2) lets the Minister amend Schedule 2 by statutory instrument after consultation with or on the recommendation of the Advisory Council, and section 49 lets the Minister amend the Schedules by order, so the printed schedule is not the last word. No statutory instrument later than the Revised Edition showing the law as at 31 December 2021 was read here, and no index of Saint Lucia statutory instruments could be enumerated, so that is a real limit on this cell and not a form of words.
Consequences if caught: Capital exposure: none. The section 8A exemption does not reach this row. Section 8A exempts possession of 30 grammes or less only where 'the controlled drug is cannabis or cannabis resin', and isolated cannabinol is neither, so an isolate attracts the full Class A treatment with no quantity floor while the same molecule inside a bud is inside the cannabis regime. Section 8(4)(e) likewise sets its 30 gramme deeming threshold for 'cannabis or cannabis resin' only. Schedule 3, which section 37 brings into effect, sets every punishment and it graduates by class rather than by substance. The Class A and Class B columns carry identical figures in every row of Schedule 3, so the class split makes no difference to the sentence. Importation or exportation under section 5(3) and production or being concerned in production under section 6(2) each carry, on summary conviction, 3 years or $100,000, and on indictment 14 years and $200,000. Supplying or offering to supply under section 6(3) carries the same figures. Possession under section 8(2) carries, on summary conviction, 3 years or $100,000, and on indictment 7 years or $200,000. Possession with intent to supply under section 8(3) carries, on summary conviction, 3 years and/or $100,000, and on indictment 14 years and/or $200,000. Section 25(1) is a separate trafficking ceiling and it does not graduate by substance at all: on summary conviction a fine of $100,000 or, where there is evidence of the street value of the controlled drug, 3 times that street value whichever is the greater, together with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 10 years but which shall not be less than 5 years; on conviction on indictment, imprisonment for life. Section 2 defines drug trafficking to reach producing, supplying, transporting, storing, importing and exporting a controlled drug. The act provides no death penalty and the words death, capital and sentenced to death appear nowhere in it. Section 12(1) makes possession of any controlled drug in or within a radius of one hundred yards of school premises unlawful in itself and section 12(4) deems that possession to be for supply unless the contrary is proved. Section 25(3) separately deems possession in any school premises to be for drug trafficking unless the contrary is proved. Section 38 requires forfeiture on conviction.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Legal status: Not confirmed, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines's drug schedule; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, drugs fall under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, drugs fall under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty, the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Haiti

Legal status: Not confirmed, Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Haiti is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Haiti's drug schedule; Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Haiti, drugs fall under Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Haiti, drugs fall under Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Sao Tome and Principe

Legal status: Not confirmed, Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Sao Tome and Principe is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Sao Tome and Principe's drug schedule; Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Sao Tome and Principe, drugs fall under Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Sao Tome and Principe, drugs fall under Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Holy See

Legal status: Not confirmed, Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Holy See is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Holy See's drug schedule; Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Holy See, drugs fall under Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Vatican City is a very small jurisdiction with minimal independent drug caselaw; this cell asserts controlled status conservatively, and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Holy See, drugs fall under Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Vatican City is a very small jurisdiction with minimal independent drug caselaw; this cell asserts controlled status conservatively, and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related) · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Puerto Rico (US)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Puerto Rico's Controlled Substances Act (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Puerto Rico is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Puerto Rico's drug schedule; Puerto Rico's Controlled Substances Act (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Puerto Rico, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act of Puerto Rico (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA), the territory's own statute, distinct from the US federal Controlled Substances Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Puerto Rico, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act of Puerto Rico (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA), the territory's own statute, distinct from the US federal Controlled Substances Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act with a regulated medical-cannabis exception: medical cannabis is legal for registered patients under Puerto Rico's 2015 medical-cannabis law, while recreational use, sale and cultivation remain prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Controlled Substances Act of Puerto Rico (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA) · 2015 medical-cannabis law · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Guam (US)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Guam's Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Guam is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Guam's drug schedule; Guam's Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Guam, drugs fall under the Guam Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67), the territory's own statute. Trafficking and unlicensed supply carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Guam Compiler of Laws (guamcourts.gov) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Guam, drugs fall under the Guam Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67), the territory's own statute. Trafficking and unlicensed supply carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Guam Compiler of Laws (guamcourts.gov) with Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: it is legal for adults 21 and over under the Guam Cannabis Industry Act of 2019, alongside the medical-cannabis programme (Public Law 34-80), with a regulated retail market; sale outside the licensed system remains an offence. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Guam Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67) · Guam Cannabis Industry Act of 2019 · Public Law 34-80 (medical cannabis) · guamcourts.gov · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

U.S. Virgin Islands (US)

Legal status: Not confirmed. Cannabinol is not named in any entry of the federal schedules, 21 CFR 1308.11 to 1308.15 as in force on 30 September 2026, the eCFR text read at https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-09-30/title-21.xml?part=1308 on 3 October 2026. Whether the tetrahydrocannabinols entry at 21 CFR 1308.11(d)(31) reaches it was not examined. The territory's own schedules at 19 V.I.C. sec. 595 could not be read in this run, and the territory can control what the federal schedules do not, so whether it is controlled here is not established.
Consequences if caught: Do not assume it is permitted. The federal Controlled Substances Act applies here. 21 U.S.C. 802(26) defines the term State to mean 'a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States', so federal law reaches this territory directly. The federal possession and supply offences, 21 U.S.C. 844(a) and 841(a)(1), apply to a controlled substance. Material that is marihuana under 21 U.S.C. 802(16) is a controlled substance whatever cannabinoid it is sold for, and the offences reach it as marihuana. Apart from that, nothing read in this run makes cannabinol a controlled substance. The territory also has its own controlled substances statute in title 19 of the Virgin Islands Code. Its schedules appear in a search engine result title for the law.justia.com page as section 595, Schedules of controlled substances, and the Third Circuit described 19 V.I.C. sec. 604(a)(1) in Government of the Virgin Islands v. Lopez, 459 F.2d 5 (1972), as the provision 'which prohibits knowing or intentional possession of controlled substances with the intention of manufacturing, distributing or dispensing', as the section stood in 1972; whether it has since been amended was not read. Neither section's text was read in this run: every route tried to the code itself was refused or unreachable, and the routes are listed in the documentation field. The territory can control what the federal schedules do not, so whether its law reaches this substance is the open question in this cell.
If prescribed / medical: There is no prescribing route to consider while its legal status here is not established.
Documentation: Carry any prescribed medicine in its original packaging with the prescription. Bringing a controlled substance into this territory from the mainland United States or from abroad engages federal importation and customs provisions as well as the territorial law, and neither was read here. Routes tried on 3 October 2026 for the territorial text, 19 V.I.C. secs. 595 and 604: law.justia.com 2019 U.S. Virgin Islands Code pages refused with HTTP 403 to a scripted fetch, to curl with a browser User Agent and to WebFetch; the Wayback Machine holds no capture of sec. 595 and refused further requests with HTTP 429; the LexisNexis free Virgin Islands Code at lexisnexis.com/hottopics/vicode redirects to a JavaScript application that a text fetch cannot read; womenslaw.org's copy of sec. 593 and Bill No. 30-0258 of the Thirtieth Legislature on stthomassource.com both refused with HTTP 403. Search record for this cell, run on 3 October 2026 in English against every entry of 21 CFR 1308.11 to 1308.15 as in force on 30 September 2026, the eCFR text read at https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-09-30/title-21.xml?part=1308 on 3 October 2026: 'cannabinol' returned no entry; 'CBN' returned no entry. The territorial schedule at 19 V.I.C. sec. 595 was not reachable, so it was not searched. An earlier version of this cell, sourced through the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database rather than the territory's statute, recorded that drugs here fall under the Virgin Islands Code (Title 19) controlled-substances provisions, that trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, that the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment, and that cannabis is treated differently: medical cannabis is legal under the Virgin Islands Medical Cannabis Patient Care Act (2019) and personal possession of small amounts has been decriminalized, while non-medical sale and cultivation remain prohibited. None of that territorial material was read in this run and it is carried forward unverified.

Northern Mariana Islands (US)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Northern Mariana Islands' Commonwealth controlled-substances code is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Northern Mariana Islands is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Northern Mariana Islands' drug schedule; the Northern Mariana Islands' Commonwealth controlled-substances code is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Northern Mariana Islands, drugs fall under the Commonwealth's own controlled-substances code. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Northern Mariana Islands, drugs fall under the Commonwealth's own controlled-substances code. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: it is legal for adults 21 and over under the Taulamwaar Sensible CNMI Cannabis Act of 2018, which authorizes personal possession, cultivation and a regulated adult-use market; no separate medical-cannabis programme is authorized, and sale outside the licensed system remains an offence. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Taulamwaar Sensible CNMI Cannabis Act of 2018 · Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands controlled-substances code · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

American Samoa (US)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in American Samoa is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against American Samoa's drug schedule; the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In American Samoa, drugs fall under the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions, the territory's own statute, among the harshest of any US jurisdiction. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In American Samoa, drugs fall under the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions, the territory's own statute, among the harshest of any US jurisdiction. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Title 13 provisions, fully prohibited with no medical or recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

American Samoa Code Annotated Title 13 (controlled substances) · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Bermuda (UK)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Bermuda's Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Bermuda is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Bermuda's drug schedule; Bermuda's Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Bermuda, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended), Bermuda's own statute. Supply, cultivation and trafficking carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Bermuda statute portal (bpa.bm) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Bermuda, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended), Bermuda's own statute. Supply, cultivation and trafficking carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Bermuda statute portal (bpa.bm) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Bermuda Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended by the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Act 2017) · bpa.bm · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Cayman Islands (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under the Cayman Islands' own Misuse of Drugs Act (2026 Revision). Cannabinol is named in Part 1 of Schedule 1, the list of controlled drugs made under section 2(1), so it is a hard drug. The Cayman Islands are not governed by the United Kingdom Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
Consequences if caught: The Cayman Islands do not use the United Kingdom's classes. The words Class A, Class B and Class C appear nowhere in the Act. Severity turns instead on a single defined term: section 2(1) provides that 'hard drug' means any substance or product specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1. A controlled drug is either a hard drug or it is not, and the quantity involved then sets the band. For a hard drug, section 16(4) gives, for buying, consuming or possessing less than two ounces, a first conviction of ten thousand dollars and seven years and a second or subsequent conviction of twenty thousand dollars and fifteen years. For the offences listed in Part B of Schedule 2, section 16(5) applies the table in that Part, which runs to a maximum of twenty five years and a fine without limit as to amount on conviction before the Grand Court. One phrase in those provisions has no counterpart in the United Kingdom statute at all. The Cayman penalties are expressed as imprisonment with hard labour, which the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 never uses. This is the split that catches people out. The plant is in Part 2 and is not a hard drug, while cannabinol, cannabinol derivatives and cannabis extracts and tinctures of cannabis are all in Part 1 and are. The United Kingdom places cannabis and cannabinol in the same class; the Cayman Islands place them in different tiers, with the extract in the more serious one. Sections 16(6) and 16(7) allow a court sentencing under subsections (1) to (4) to make a community service order, with the convicted person's consent, or an attendance order, in addition to or instead of any other disposal. Every statement above about what is and is not on the list is true as at a date, and the date is this. Schedule 1 is amended by regulations rather than by amending the Act, so the list moves on its own. The text read here is the 2026 Revision, revised as at 31 December 2025 and published as Supplement No. 2 with Legislation Gazette No. 8 of 10 February 2026, and it states that it consolidates the Misuse of Drugs (Amendment of Schedule 1) Regulations, 2025. No instrument after that was read, so this cell does not rule out a later amendment of Schedule 1.
If prescribed / medical: Section 2(1) defines lawful administration as administration 'in accordance with a prescription issued by a practitioner authorised in that behalf'. The regulations that set the conditions for a prescribed supply were not read for this cell, so nothing here states what a visitor must carry or how much.
Documentation: Carry any prescribed controlled medicine in its original dispensed packaging with the prescription. The Act defines lawful administration by reference to a prescription from an authorised practitioner and says nothing about a traveller allowance, and no Cayman regulation was read here, so no allowance is asserted.

Gibraltar (UK)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Gibraltar's Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Gibraltar is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Gibraltar's drug schedule; Gibraltar's Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Gibraltar, drugs fall under the Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences), Gibraltar's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Gibraltar Laws portal (gibraltarlaws.gov.gi) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Gibraltar, drugs fall under the Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences), Gibraltar's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Gibraltar Laws portal (gibraltarlaws.gov.gi) with Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: recreational cannabis is illegal, while medical cannabis has been permitted since October 2019 under prescription; sale and cultivation outside the medical framework remain prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Gibraltar Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences) · gibraltarlaws.gov.gi · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

British Virgin Islands (UK)

Legal status: Controlled as a Class A drug under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Cap. 178. Part I of Schedule 2 names "Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin". Where it is contained in cannabis or cannabis resin, it falls with them in Part II as a Class B drug.
Consequences if caught: Whether it is Class A cannabinol or, contained in cannabis, falls with cannabis in Class B, cannabinol is reached by the Act's possession, supply, import, export and use offences, and the penalties below are the same for both classes. Simple possession contrary to section 7(1) is punishable under Schedule 3, read with section 28(2), by 3 years and $100,000 on summary conviction and 7 years and $200,000 on conviction on indictment, where the period is the maximum term of imprisonment and the sum the maximum fine. Possession with intent to supply under section 7(2), and producing, supplying, offering to supply, importing or exporting under sections 5 and 6, are drug trafficking offences under section 2, and for those section 16(1) applies whatever the class: on summary conviction "a fine of $100,000 or, where there is evidence of the street value of the controlled drug, 3 times the street value thereof, whichever is the greater" or "imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years but not less than 3 years", or both, and on conviction on indictment a fine of $200,000 or three times the street value, whichever is the greater, or "imprisonment for a term not exceeding 15 years but not less than 10 years", or both. Section 16(3) deems a person found with a controlled drug in any school premises to have it for drug trafficking unless the contrary is proved. Section 11 also makes it an offence "to smoke or otherwise use any controlled drug", for which Schedule 3 gives 2 years and $75,000 summarily and 14 years and $200,000 on indictment. Section 7(3)(e) presumes possession for supply above "50 grammes of cannabis or cannabis resin", so where cannabinol is contained in cannabis or cannabis resin that presumption applies by the weight of the cannabis or resin; section 7(3) names no quantity for cannabinol held apart from cannabis.
If prescribed / medical: No traveller allowance was found. Section 5(1) prohibits "the importation of a controlled drug" and "the exportation of a controlled drug", and section 5(2) lifts that only for a drug excepted by regulations under section 9 or for import or export under a licence issued by the Minister. Section 9(3), subject to subsection (4), requires the Minister to make regulations so that doctors, dentists and veterinary practitioners may prescribe, administer, manufacture, compound or supply controlled drugs, druggists and retail pharmacies may manufacture, compound or supply them, and all of them may possess them, in that capacity; the Act itself names no exception for a patient carrying cannabinol, and the laws.gov.vg page for the Act lists no regulations under section 9.
Documentation

Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Turks and Caicos Islands' Control of Drugs Ordinance is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Turks and Caicos Islands is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Turks and Caicos Islands' drug schedule; the Turks and Caicos Islands' Control of Drugs Ordinance is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Turks and Caicos Islands, drugs fall under the Control of Drugs Ordinance, the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Turks and Caicos Islands, drugs fall under the Control of Drugs Ordinance, the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis and cannabis resin are Class B controlled drugs (Part II) under the same Ordinance, fully prohibited with no medical or recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Turks and Caicos Islands Control of Drugs Ordinance · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Jersey (UK Crown Dependency)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Jersey is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Jersey's drug schedule; the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Jersey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978, the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Jersey Legal Information Board (jerseylaw.je) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Jersey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978, the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Jersey Legal Information Board (jerseylaw.je) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978 · jerseylaw.je · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Guernsey (UK Crown Dependency)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Guernsey is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Guernsey's drug schedule; the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Guernsey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974, the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Guernsey Legal Resources (guernseylegalresources.gg) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Guernsey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974, the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Guernsey Legal Resources (guernseylegalresources.gg) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974 · guernseylegalresources.gg · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Isle of Man (UK Crown Dependency)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Isle of Man's Misuse of Drugs Act is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Isle of Man is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Isle of Man's drug schedule; the Isle of Man's Misuse of Drugs Act is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Isle of Man, drugs fall under the Island's own Misuse of Drugs Act, which replicates the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Schedule 2 Classes A/B/C, administered by the Island's own ACMD). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Isle of Man Government legislation portal (gov.im) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Isle of Man, drugs fall under the Island's own Misuse of Drugs Act, which replicates the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Schedule 2 Classes A/B/C, administered by the Island's own ACMD). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Isle of Man Government legislation portal (gov.im) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Isle of Man Misuse of Drugs Act (Schedule 2 Classes A/B/C) · gov.im · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Montserrat (UK)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Montserrat's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Montserrat is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Montserrat's drug schedule; Montserrat's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Montserrat, drugs fall under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act/Ordinance, a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Montserrat, drugs fall under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act/Ordinance, a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Montserrat Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act / Ordinance · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Anguilla (UK)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Anguilla is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Anguilla's drug schedule; the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Anguilla, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla), a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Anguilla, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla), a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla) · cannabis decriminalization effective 1 December 2024 · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Aruba (Netherlands)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Aruba's Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Aruba is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Aruba's drug schedule; Aruba's Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Aruba, drugs fall under Aruba's own Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance, Aruba has been an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1986 and, unlike the European Netherlands, operates NO coffeeshop tolerance. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Aruba, drugs fall under Aruba's own Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance, Aruba has been an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1986 and, unlike the European Netherlands, operates NO coffeeshop tolerance. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Aruba Criminal Code / narcotics (opium) ordinance · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Curaçao (Netherlands)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Curaçao's Opium Ordinance is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Curaçao is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Curaçao's drug schedule; Curaçao's Opium Ordinance is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Curaçao, drugs fall under Curaçao's own Opium Ordinance, distinct from the European Netherlands' tolerance regime. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, and cocaine/heroin/MDMA offences draw severe sentences; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Curaçao, drugs fall under Curaçao's own Opium Ordinance, distinct from the European Netherlands' tolerance regime. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, and cocaine/heroin/MDMA offences draw severe sentences; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Curaçao Opium Ordinance · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Sint Maarten (Netherlands)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Sint Maarten's Opium National Ordinance of 1960 is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Sint Maarten is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Sint Maarten's drug schedule; Sint Maarten's Opium National Ordinance of 1960 is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Sint Maarten, drugs fall under the Opium National Ordinance of 1960, covering both hard and soft drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Sint Maarten, drugs fall under the Opium National Ordinance of 1960, covering both hard and soft drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Sint Maarten Opium National Ordinance of 1960 · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

French Polynesia (France)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in French Polynesia is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in French Polynesia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against French Polynesia's drug schedule; the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in French Polynesia is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In French Polynesia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory (with local island variation in enforcement). Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In French Polynesia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory (with local island variation in enforcement). Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) applied in French Polynesia · legifrance.gouv.fr · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

New Caledonia (France)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in New Caledonia is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in New Caledonia is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against New Caledonia's drug schedule; the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in New Caledonia is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In New Caledonia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory. Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In New Caledonia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory. Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) applied in New Caledonia · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Caribbean Netherlands (BES)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the BES narcotics law (the old-Antillean Opium Ordinance applied through the WvS-BES penal framework) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Caribbean Netherlands (BES) is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Caribbean Netherlands' drug schedule; the BES narcotics law (the old-Antillean Opium Ordinance applied through the WvS-BES penal framework) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, the BES islands), drugs fall under the old-Antillean narcotics law applied through the WvS-BES penal framework, NOT the European Netherlands' Opium-Act tolerance, penalties are HARSHER than in the European Netherlands. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise instrument and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, the BES islands), drugs fall under the old-Antillean narcotics law applied through the WvS-BES penal framework, NOT the European Netherlands' Opium-Act tolerance, penalties are HARSHER than in the European Netherlands. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise instrument and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Caribbean Netherlands (BES) narcotics law, old-Antillean Opium Ordinance via the WvS-BES penal framework · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Aceh (Indonesia)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (applied in Aceh) is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Aceh is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Aceh's drug schedule; Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (applied in Aceh) is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Aceh, drugs fall under Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (Articles 111-127), which applies in the province; Aceh ADDITIONALLY applies the qanun jinayat (Islamic criminal bylaws) imposing caning for certain offences as a corporal-punishment overlay distinct from the national penal regime. Organized or large-scale trafficking of Category I narcotics is capital-eligible, the death penalty is NATIONAL (under Law 35/2009), NOT a separate Aceh statute, and Indonesia actively imposes drug death sentences. Possession and lower-level offences carry imprisonment from 4 years or court-ordered rehabilitation; the precise article and threshold are left to confirmation against the current law. This cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress, with the qanun framing corroborated in free text.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Aceh, drugs fall under Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (Articles 111-127), which applies in the province; Aceh ADDITIONALLY applies the qanun jinayat (Islamic criminal bylaws) imposing caning for certain offences as a corporal-punishment overlay distinct from the national penal regime. Organized or large-scale trafficking of Category I narcotics is capital-eligible, the death penalty is NATIONAL (under Law 35/2009), NOT a separate Aceh statute, and Indonesia actively imposes drug death sentences. Possession and lower-level offences carry imprisonment from 4 years or court-ordered rehabilitation; the precise article and threshold are left to confirmation against the current law. This cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress, with the qanun framing corroborated in free text. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Indonesia national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (Articles 111-127), applied in Aceh · Aceh qanun jinayat (Islamic criminal bylaws), corroborated free-text · unodc.org · loc.gov · Updated July 14, 2026

Faroe Islands (Denmark)

Legal status: Not confirmed, the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control framework is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in the Faroe Islands is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against the Faroe Islands' drug schedule; the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control framework is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In the Faroe Islands, drugs fall under the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control and customs-enforcement framework, the Faroes self-govern health and justice and operate a drug-control regime distinct from Denmark. The specific consolidating statute is left to confirmation against current Faroese law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Faroese Government portal (government.fo) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In the Faroe Islands, drugs fall under the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control and customs-enforcement framework, the Faroes self-govern health and justice and operate a drug-control regime distinct from Denmark. The specific consolidating statute is left to confirmation against current Faroese law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Faroese Government portal (government.fo) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Faroe Islands narcotics-control framework / Customs Act regime · government.fo · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

Falkland Islands (UK)

Legal status: Class A controlled drug in the Falkland Islands. Part 1 of the Schedule to the Misuse of Drugs Ordinance 1987 names «Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin».
Consequences if caught: Part 1, paragraph 1(a) lists «Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin». So isolated CBN, or a product made from it, is a Class A drug, while CBN that is still inside cannabis plant material or resin is covered by the separate entry «Cannabis and cannabis resin» in Part 2, Class B. The 2022 exception order covers tetrahydrocannabinol only, not cannabinol. Penalties under the Ordinance for a Class A drug: importing or exporting it (section 3), producing or supplying it or offering to supply it (section 4), possessing it with intent to supply (section 5(2)) and permitting production or supply on premises one occupies (section 8) each carry up to 14 years' imprisonment and a fine at level 10; possessing it (section 5(1)) carries up to 7 years and a fine at level 8. Section 17 gives an attempt or incitement the same punishment as the offence, and an importation charged under section 43(3) of the Customs Ordinance 2003 carries the same 14 years and level 10 by its Schedule 1. Schedule 8 to the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Ordinance 2014 sets level 10 on the standard scale at £125,000, level 8 at £25,000, level 6 at £10,000 and level 4 at £2,000. Section 480(4) of that Ordinance makes a penalty printed at the foot of a section the maximum, and where it joins penalties with the word and they «may be inflicted alternatively or cumulatively». This is stated as at the legislation.gov.fk consolidation of the Ordinance in force from 10 April 2019, whose Schedule is the one substituted by S.R. & O. 20/2014 with effect from 23 December 2014. Section 2(4) lets the Governor by Order add a substance to, or remove one from, Parts 1 to 3 of the Schedule. No Misuse of Drugs Order appears in the Gazette indexes for 2023, 2024 or 2025 or in Supplements 1 to 16 of 2026, and the portal's title search for misuse returns only the Ordinance, the 1989 Designation and Regulations Orders, the 1997 Regulations Order and two 2022 instruments, neither of which amends the Schedule. This does not rule out a later Order.
If prescribed / medical: Cannabinol is in Schedule 1 to the Misuse of Drugs Regulations Order 1997, and none of the possession or supply exceptions in regulations 8 to 10 names Schedule 1. The Misuse of Drugs (Designation) Order 1989 designates it under section 7(4) of the Ordinance, and section 7(4) provides that «while there is in force such an order subsection (3) shall not apply to the drug specified in the order», so the power to let doctors prescribe and supply it is switched off and there is no prescription route.
Documentation: The controlling law for cannabinol in the Falkland Islands is the territory's own Misuse of Drugs Ordinance 1987 and the instruments made under it, read on legislation.gov.fk, the Falkland Islands Government statute database.

Saint Helena (UK)

Legal status: Not confirmed, Saint Helena's misuse-of-drugs ordinance is the governing drug law; the specific scheduling/penalty for Cannabinol in Saint Helena is not confirmed here. Verify against the current schedule.
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not individually verified against Saint Helena's drug schedule; Saint Helena's misuse-of-drugs ordinance is the governing law. Do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Saint Helena (the territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), drugs fall under Saint Helena's own misuse-of-drugs ordinance, built on the UK model. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Saint Helena law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: In Saint Helena (the territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), drugs fall under Saint Helena's own misuse-of-drugs ordinance, built on the UK model. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Saint Helena law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Saint Helena misuse-of-drugs ordinance (Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha · UK-model) · loc.gov · unodc.org · Updated July 14, 2026

United States

Legal status: Not listed in any federal schedule under its own name, but the source decides. Under 21 USC 802(16)(A) every compound and derivative of the cannabis plant is marihuana unless it is hemp, so material taken from a plant above the hemp threshold is a Schedule I substance whatever the cannabinoid in it is called. This cell states federal law only. Every state has its own controlled substances act and several differ from the federal schedules, so check the law of the state you are in.
Consequences if caught: It has no entry of its own in 21 CFR 1308.11 to 1308.15. Hemp is excluded from the definition of marihuana by 21 USC 802(16)(B)(i), and 7 USC 1639o defines hemp by a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis. Paragraph 1308.11(d)(31)(ii) carries the same carve out. Whether a cannabinoid made from hemp but not naturally present in it falls inside that carve out is contested, and nothing here asserts an answer. So the same compound can be uncontrolled or Schedule I depending on the plant it came from and its delta-9 concentration. Supply is 21 USC 841. Unless the substance appears in the weight tables of section 841(b)(1)(A) or (B), it falls to section 841(b)(1)(C), which reads that such a person 'shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than 20 years and if death or serious bodily injury results from the use of such substance shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than twenty years or more than life'. There is no mandatory minimum under that paragraph, which is not the same as a light penalty. Simple possession is 21 USC 844(a), up to 1 year and a fine of at least 1,000 dollars on a first offence, with higher figures after a prior conviction. The section excepts a substance 'obtained directly, or pursuant to a valid prescription or order, from a practitioner, while acting in the course of his professional practice'.
If prescribed / medical: Prescription supply through the licensed channel is lawful. 21 USC 844(a) excepts a substance obtained on a valid prescription from a practitioner acting in the course of professional practice, and handling outside that channel is an offence under 21 USC 841 and the registration provisions at 21 USC 822 and 823.
Documentation: Carry any prescribed medicine in its original labelled container with the prescription. Federal law and the law of the state you are entering can differ, so confirm both before travel.

Controlled Substances Act, 21 USC 802, 812, 813, 841 and 844 (Office of the Law Revision Counsel) · 21 CFR 1308.11 to 1308.15 (Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, current as of 11 September 2026) · 91 FR 22714, 28 April 2026, for marijuana in an approved product or under a state medical licence · Updated September 16, 2026

Last updated: October 5, 2026

Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, LN 2009/143, TLN 5062, as amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023, and Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1997 tentang Psikotropika, LN 1997/10, TLN 3671 · empowering articles Pasal 6(3) and Pasal 2(4) respectively, both of which were checked because a finding of absence has to hold against both regimes · absence was established by reading all seven current lists in full, Narkotika Golongan I, II and III from Permenkes Nomor 15 Tahun 2025 and Psikotropika Golongan I, II, III and IV from Permenkes Nomor 14 Tahun 2025, and both precursor tables from Lampiran II of the Act, and by reading every apparent text match in its surrounding region rather than counting it as an entry · the finding is named in none of the seven current golongan: Narkotika Golongan I, II and III of Permenkes No. 15 Tahun 2025, and Psikotropika Golongan I, II, III and IV of Permenkes No. 14 Tahun 2025 · The two tetrahydrocannabinol entries read in full, every cannabinol hit read in its region and identified as a substring, and the cannabis entry read for the processed product words. Aceh runs a separate criminal code for some conduct and is a separate jurisdiction in this dataset · the Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat was read for this batch and mentions narkotika and psikotropika zero times, so narcotics law in Aceh is the national Act unchanged. Read 2026-09-17 · e-pharm.kemkes.go.id · jdih.kemkes.go.id · jdih.kemkes.go.id · e-pharm.kemkes.go.id · Placement re-derived in this pass from Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 15 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Penggolongan Narkotika and Nomor 14 Tahun 2025 tentang Penetapan dan Perubahan Penggolongan Psikotropika, both read at jdih.kemkes.go.id on 21 September 2026. Permenkes 15/2025 was ditetapkan 21 November 2025 and diundangkan 28 November 2025 at Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 988, and it repeals Permenkes 7/2025. The matched entry is quoted in the cell. Section membership is stated rather than entry number, because a watermark in the published PDF reflows the numbering. · Updated September 21, 2026

Malaysia, Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, Act 234, first enacted as Ordinance No. 30 of 1952 and revised in 1980 with effect from 17 July 1980 · read from the Attorney General's Chambers online updated text headed «As at 4 July 2023», latest Act amendment being the Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Act 2023, Act 846, in force 4 July 2023 · Poisons Act 1952, Act 366, revised 1989, read from the Attorney General's Chambers online updated text as at 1 January 2022, latest amendment P.U. (A) 412/2021 in force 3 November 2021 · read for this substance: both schedules in full, the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 First Schedule in all five Parts and the Poisons Act 1952 Poisons List and Third Schedule, with cannabinol found in neither as a controlled entry · sections 2, 11(1) and 45A of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 and sections 30(1) and 32(2) of the Poisons Act 1952 · the First Schedule has since been amended twice under section 45A, by the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment of First Schedule) Order 2024, P.U. (A) 97, gazetted 2 April 2024, which inserts Etazene, Etonitazepyne, 2-Methyl-AP-237 and Protonitazene into Part III and substitutes Proheptazine for Propheptazine, and by the Order 2025, P.U. (A) 416, gazetted 25 November 2025, which inserts Butonitazene into Part III · both orders were read in full and neither touches this substance · the publisher's own disclaimer is carried forward: this is only an updated text and not an authentic text until it is reprinted under subsection 14(1) of the Revision of Laws Act 1968 · read as at 2026-09-17 from https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/1840725_BI/22.11.2023%20-%20Act%20234.pdf and https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/1714451_BI/ACT%20366_MUKTAMAD_1%20JANUARY%202022.pdf and https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/1826840_BI/Akta%20846%20BI.pdf · re-derived in this pass, from the on-disk Attorney General's Chambers online updated text of Act 234 whose own header reads «As at 4 July 2023»: sections 2, 5, 6, 6B, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 30, 37, 38A, 38B, 39, 39A, 39B, 39C, 41, 41A, 41B, 45A and 46, and the First Schedule read line by line in all five Parts · and from the Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Act 2023, Act 846, sections 1(2), 2, 54 and 55 · the First Schedule has five Parts and not three: Part I and Part II are the plant and prepared-opium lists, Part III the long alphabetical chemical list, Part IV a shorter codeine group carrying its own isomer clause and its own salt clause, with Part III's ester and ether clause running across the whole Schedule and not only that Part because it reads «of the drugs in this Schedule» where the other two read «this Part», and Part V is headed «PREPARATION FOR THE EXPORT OF WHICH EXPORT AUTHORIZATIONS ARE NOT REQUIRED» and is an exemption list rather than a control list · section 39B carries no quantity table of its own, the weights being in section 37(da), which is a rebuttable presumption of trafficking, and in section 39A, which applies only where the offence is not punishable with death · the file the Act 234 text is served from is dated 22 November 2023 in its name while the text's own header reads «As at 4 July 2023», and the header is the version stated here · all Poisons Act 1952 material in this cell, including every Poisons List and Third Schedule entry and every figure drawn from that Act, is carried forward from the earlier reading recorded above and was not re-derived in this pass · so is every other fact in this cell that is not derivable from the two texts named above, which includes the two section 45A orders of 2024 and 2025, the commencement of the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 2017 on 15 March 2018, and any statement here about the Single Convention or the 1971 Convention and their schedules · Updated September 21, 2026

If prescribed / medical

In England, Wales and Scotland the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 place it in Schedule 1, where the entry reads «Cannabinol». The patient possession authority in regulation 10(2) reaches only «a person may have in his possession any drug specified in Schedule 2, 3 or Part I of Schedule 4 for administration for medical, dental or veterinary purposes in accordance with the directions of a practitioner», so a Schedule 1 drug has no prescription route; apart from the regulation 6 authorities for police, customs officers, carriers and forensic laboratories acting in their duties, production, supply and possession are lawful only under a Home Office licence under regulation 5. A cannabis-based product for medicinal use in humans is carved out of Schedule 1 and sits in Schedule 2. On Northern Ireland the sources point two ways, and both are quoted. legislation.gov.uk tags every provision of the 2001 Regulations with the extent E+W+S+N.I. 45 such tags in its XML, while the Regulations themselves carry no extent clause; against that tag, their amending Regulations of 2023 and 2024 each state «These Regulations extend to England and Wales and Scotland.», and the 2026 temporary class drug order applies the two codes separately, saying «The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 apply to the substances and products listed in the Schedule to this Order as if those substances and products were specified in Schedule 1 to those Regulations.» and «The Misuse of Drugs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2002 apply to the substances and products listed in the Schedule to this Order as if those substances and products were specified in Schedule 1 to those Regulations.» Northern Ireland has its own Misuse of Drugs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2002, S.R. 2002 No. 1. The legislation.gov.uk text of those Regulations states «There are outstanding changes not yet made by the legislation.gov.uk editorial team to The Misuse of Drugs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2002.», so the Northern Ireland schedule for this row is not given here.

Consequences if caught

Capital exposure: none. The highest penalty anywhere in Part 9.1 of the Criminal Code is imprisonment for life, and Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973 s6 provides «The punishment of death must not be imposed as the penalty for any offence referred to in subsection 3(2) or (3).» CBN is a listed border controlled drug within item 35. Import and export are offences of their own in Division 307 against the border controlled drug listing (Schedule 2 item 35): s307.3, imprisonment for 10 years or 2,000 penalty units, or both, with a defence if the person proves no intention or belief that any would be sold; s307.4, which needs no commercial intent, 2 years or 400 penalty units, or both; s307.2 for a marketable quantity (2.0 g or more), 25 years or 5,000 penalty units, or both; s307.1 for a commercial quantity (2.0 kg or more), imprisonment for life or 7,500 penalty units, or both. Possessing an unlawfully imported quantity is s307.5 to s307.7 on the same thresholds, and possessing one reasonably suspected of unlawful import is s307.8 to s307.10. The Customs Act s233(5) leaves border controlled drugs to these offences rather than to the Customs Act smuggling offence. The trafficking, manufacture and possession offences reach CBN only if the conditional s301.9(1)(d) reading holds; if it does, Trafficking CBN (s302.1: selling, preparing for supply, transporting, guarding or possessing with intent to sell) is s302.4, imprisonment for 10 years or 2,000 penalty units, or both. Trafficking a marketable quantity, 1,000.0 g or more under Schedule 1 item 238 of the Criminal Code Regulations, is s302.3, 25 years or 5,000 penalty units, or both. A commercial quantity, 5.0 kg or more, is s302.2, imprisonment for life or 7,500 penalty units, or both. Under s302.5 a person who prepares, transports, guards or possesses a trafficable quantity, 2.0 g or more, is taken to have intended to sell unless they prove they had neither that intention nor belief, a legal burden (s13.4). Manufacturing CBN for a commercial purpose is s305.5, 10 years or 2,000 penalty units, or both (12 years or 2,400 penalty units if a child under 14 is exposed, s310.4); s305.4 for a marketable quantity, 25 years or 5,000 penalty units (28 years or 5,600 aggravated); s305.3 for a commercial quantity, imprisonment for life or 7,500 penalty units, or both. Under s305.6 manufacturing a trafficable quantity presumes the commercial purpose, rebuttably. Possessing CBN as a controlled drug is s308.1, imprisonment for 2 years or 400 penalty units, or both, and s308.1(3) lets the court deal with the offender as if the offence were the state or territory possession offence, so diversion available there is available here. Supplying any quantity to a child is s309.2, 15 years or 3,000 penalty units, or both. Part 9.1, other than the import and export offences in Division 307, does not apply to conduct justified or excused by or under a state or territory law (s313.1), which is how lawful prescribing and dispensing sit outside it. There is no Commonwealth offence of using or consuming a drug; use is left to state and territory law. A penalty unit is $364 for an offence committed on or after 1 July 2026 under the Crimes (Amount of a Penalty Unit) Instrument 2026 (F2026N00424), made under Crimes Act 1914 s4AA, so 400 penalty units is $145,600, 2,000 is $728,000 and 7,500 is $2,730,000; «or both» in each penalty means the prison term and the fine are available alternatively or together. Quantities are proved under s312.1 as in force on 2 October 2026, by the pure drug in a mixture. A substituted s312.1, enacted by the Crimes and Other Legislation Amendment (Omnibus No. 1) Act 2026 (assented to 26 August 2026), Schedule 2 Part 2, will «treat the mixture as consisting wholly of the prohibited substance»; it commences on a day fixed by Proclamation or at the latest on 26 August 2027, and no Proclamation was found when this was read.

Mexico, not named in either of the two lists at Ley General de Salud articles 234 and 245 · the reforming decree, titled as a reform, addition and repeal of various provisions of the Ley General de Salud, published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion on 15 January 2026, which is the operative text of articles 234 and 245 used here · dof.gob.mx · the official consolidated text of the Ley General de Salud published by the Orden Juridico Nacional, texto vigente to 7 June 2024, used for articles 235, 237, 239 to 243, 246 to 252 and 473 to 482, which that decree does not list · ordenjuridico.gob.mx · Codigo Penal Federal articles 193 to 196, texto vigente to 7 June 2024 · the three later reforms of that code, published on 16 July 2025, 28 November 2025 and 13 March 2026, reach articles 400 Bis, 11 Bis and 390, and 260 and 266 Bis, and none of them touches this chapter · ordenjuridico.gob.mx · Constitucion Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos article 22, texto vigente, last reform on 15 April 2025 · ordenjuridico.gob.mx · the penalty bands, the fines and the article 479 amounts were re-derived from those articles for this cell and are not carried over as figures · the previous version of this cell cited a Chamber of Deputies consolidation whose latest reform it gave as 15 January 2026 · that date was not carried forward but tested, and the decree of that date was found, downloaded and read for this cell, which is why the two scheduling articles here are the reformed ones and not the 7 June 2024 ones · terms searched case-insensitively and accent-insensitively across the whole consolidated text for this row, with the occurrences found: cannabinol 6, canabinol 0, tetrahidrocannabinol 6 · the previous version of this cell recorded its own reading as at 18 September 2026, and the articles were re-read for this cell rather than that reading being relied on · the previous version of this cell described a whole-text search of a 376 page consolidated edition, and that page figure is carried forward and not re-derived: the consolidated file read here reports 356 pages in its own properties, the reforming decree runs to 20 pages of the Diario Oficial, and both were searched whole rather than by page · read as at 21 September 2026 · Updated September 21, 2026

Consequences if caught

Capital exposure: death. Article 1 of the Anti-Narcotics Law, Law 182/1960, makes Table 1 the narcotic substances and excepts the Table 2 preparations: «تعتبر جواهر مخدرة فى تطبيق أحكام هذا القانون المواد المبينة فى الجدول رقم (١) الملحق به، ويستثنى منها المستحضرات المبينة بالجدول رقم (٢)». Under Articles 33 to 45 as replaced by Law 122/1989: Article 33 punishes unlicensed import or export, and production or manufacture for trade, by death and a fine of 100,000 to 500,000 pounds. Article 34 punishes possession, purchase, sale, delivery or transport with intent to trade by death or life imprisonment and the same fine, and its second paragraph makes the penalty death and that fine where «الجوهر المخدر محل الجريمة من الكوكايين أو الهيروين أو أى من المواد الواردة فى القسم الأول من الجدول رقم (١)». On the group 7 reading, cannabinol is in the first section, so trafficking it carries death without the life alternative. Decision 44 prints the first section as «القسم الأول (أ)» and «القسم الأول (ب)», and both are read here as the first section the law names. Article 38(1) punishes possession without intent to trade or to use by aggravated imprisonment and a fine of 50,000 to 200,000 pounds, and Article 38(2) raises it to life imprisonment and a fine of 100,000 to 500,000 pounds for cocaine, heroin and the first section. Article 37 punishes possession for personal use by aggravated imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 to 50,000 pounds; for a person proven to be an addict the court may order treatment in a sanatorium instead, though not after an earlier sentence. Article 39 punishes knowing use in premises prepared for use by imprisonment of at least one year and a fine of 1,000 to 3,000 pounds, doubled for cocaine, heroin and the first section. Each of these articles reaches anyone who commits the act and makes no exception for a foreign national, and none of Articles 33 to 39 states a minimum quantity. Law 19/2020 bars conditional release for a conviction under Law 182/1960 other than the Article 37 felony. On the item 54 reading it would instead be in the second section, where Article 34 allows death or life imprisonment and Article 38(2) does not apply. The table does not settle which reading a court applies. The earlier note that synthetic cannabinoids were added to Schedule 1 by amendment, 'Voodoo' in 2014 and 'Strox' or AB-FUBINACA by Act 440/2018, is superseded: Decision 44 replaced every table, and «AB-Fubinaca» is now an example in group 3 of Table 1 Section 1(b). The earlier figure of three to ten years for Article 38(1) is not in the article, which as written reads only a term of hard labour, now aggravated imprisonment, three to fifteen years under Penal Code Article 14. Article 36, as an exception to Article 17 of the Penal Code, bars a court applying Articles 33 to 35 and 38 from «النزول عن العقوبة التالية مباشرة» to the prescribed penalty, so mitigation stops at the next lower penalty, and if that next penalty is aggravated imprisonment or imprisonment the term may not be less than six years. The UNODC English rendering, that the next penalty may not be conceded, reads as the opposite and is not followed. Law 95/2003, Article 2, abolished hard labour «أينما وردت», wherever it appears, in the Penal Code or any other law, putting «السجن المؤبد», life imprisonment, in place of life hard labour and «السجن المشدد», aggravated imprisonment, in place of hard labour for a term; Article 3 of the same Law replaced Penal Code Article 14, under which aggravated imprisonment runs from three to fifteen years unless the law provides otherwise. The penalties above are named as they stand after that Law, although Law 122/1989 wrote them as hard labour.

Consequences if caught

Capital exposure: none. Article 26 of the Constitution provides that "A nadie se le aplicará la pena de muerte", no one shall have the death penalty applied to them, and no limb of Decreto-Ley 14.294 provides a capital sentence [Certain]. Uruguay’s published penalties for the drug offences of Decreto-Ley 14.294 are two to ten years of penitenciaría for unauthorised production under article 30, two to twelve years under article 31 for import, export, transit, distribution, transport, possession not for one’s own consumption, storage and offering for sale, three to twelve years where an organised criminal group is involved, two to six years under article 35 for the lower convention tiers, four to twenty years under article 32 for organising or financing, and four to fifteen or five to twenty years under article 36 for the listed aggravations, subject to the scope note below. Those are the country’s penalties and they are not this row’s exposure, because this substance could not be placed in any list. Article 36 has to be read with its own scope rather than recited flatly. Its numeral 1, supply to a person under twenty one, and its numeral 6, using a home as a place of sale or storage, are limited in terms to "las sustancias a que se refiere el artículo 1° de la presente ley", and this row is outside article 1, so on the face of the text those two numerals do not reach it. Numerals 4 and 5 speak of "el delito" generically and are not so limited, so the four to fifteen year band and the five to twenty year band where the victim dies may still apply through them [Certain as to the wording]. The two amending Laws matter to this row and are named here because the articles quoted above are theirs. Ley 17.016 of 22 October 1998 article 2 gave article 15 of Decreto-Ley 14.294 the wording under which the list that places this row was made, and its article 3 gave articles 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 the wording those articles descend from; article 5 of the same Ley added the chapters that carry the precursor and chemical tables [Certain, read from the amendment notes on the consolidated text and from Ley 17.016 itself]. Ley 19.172 of 20 December 2013 rewrote article 30 by its article 6 and article 31 by its article 7, and that article 7 is the source of the personal consumption exemption quoted above. It does not touch article 35, which descends from article 3 of Ley 17.016 and was last rewritten by article 72 of Ley 19.889 of 9 July 2020 [Certain]. The b176 cell recorded that the generic groups of Anexo II had never been read and that any absence was an absence from a superseded list. Both annexes have now been read and the substance is absent from the current one and outside all three generic groups, so the penalties recited above remain the country's penalties and not this row's exposure, and the row is held open by the derivatives limb alone.

If prescribed / medical

[Certain] Re-derived in this pass. Article 5 of Ley 23.737 opens with the words sin autorización o con destino ilegítimo, so an authorised medical channel sits outside it. Article 8 sets reclusión o prisión de tres a quince años, three to fifteen years, a fine and special disqualification for five to twelve years for a person authorised to produce, manufacture, extract, prepare, import, export, distribute or sell estupefacientes who holds them in quantities other than those authorised, or who applies, delivers or sells them sin receta médica o en cantidades mayores a las recetadas. Article 9 sets prisión de dos a seis años, two to six years, a fine and disqualification for one to five years for a doctor or other authorised prescriber who prescribes, supplies or delivers estupefacientes fuera de los casos que indica la terapéutica o en dosis mayores de las necesarias, rising to reclusión o prisión de cuatro a quince años, four to fifteen years, where the destination is illegitimate. Article 1 of the same Act replaced article 204 of the Penal Code, which sets prisión de seis meses a tres años, six months to three years, for a person authorised to sell medicinal substances who supplies them otherwise than in accordance with the prescription, or without presenting and filing it where the regulations require one. [Certain] Whether those articles reach this row was not established, because no estupefaciente placement was established. A product containing it may still be a prescription medicine under the ANMAT medicines regime, which is a separate instrument that was not read in this pass, and the figures above are the country's prescription offences rather than this row's exposure. [Likely] Carried from the published dossier prepared for this country, not re-derived here: for an authorised medicine a traveller should hold the original labelled package, the prescription that medicine requires, and a medical certificate in Spanish naming the patient, the active ingredient, the dose, the quantity and the treatment period. Import rules and ANMAT authorisation remain product specific, and none of those documents creates a personal use quantity or authorises an illicit preparation.

Documentation

Carry any controlled medicine in its original labelled packaging with the prescription. Import, export, processing, synthesis, manufacture, distribution, purchase, sale and use of the substances under fiscalización run through the Unidad Administrativa Especial Fondo Nacional de Estupefacientes or the Fondos Rotatorios de Estupefacientes, and article 3 of Resolución 116 de 2026 allows one month for bencilfentanilo and anhídrido propiónico and six months for the other newly incorporated substances and medicines to register. Constitution article 49, as amended by Acto Legislativo 02 de 2009, provides that el porte y el consumo de sustancias estupefacientes o sicotrópicas está prohibido, salvo prescripción médica. Two official portals print different current texts of article 49 and that conflict is recorded here rather than resolved, so no adult-use permission is asserted in this cell. The resolution prints its entry names in capitals and they are given here in title case. This substance has no entry in Anexo Técnico 1 as at 27 January 2026, and a sweep of all 469 entry names and chemical names returns no hit for it. [Certain] Corrected in this pass: an earlier version of this cell named the two entries either side of where the term would sort. That pair was computed on the assumption that the annex sorts on the printed string, and it does not. It sorts ignoring hyphens, spaces and punctuation, which an independent re-parse demonstrated on two runs of the instrument, 2C-B, 2C-E, 2-Fluorodescloroketamina, 2-Metil-AP-237, and Nicocodina, Nicodicodina, Nicomorfina, Nimetazepam, Nitrazepam, N-metilefedrina, Norcodeína. The neighbour pair is withdrawn. The absence itself is unchanged and rests on a complete reading of all 469 entries, which does not depend on the sort order. [Certain] The second limb was swept as well as the first, and saying so matters because Penal Code article 376 does not reach a substance by way of Anexo Técnico 1. It reaches one contemplado en los cuadros uno, dos, tres y cuatro del Convenio de las Naciones Unidas sobre Sustancias Sicotrópicas, which is a reference to the Convention itself, so an absence from the Colombian annex alone would not settle the question. Both cached editions were searched free-substring rather than anchored, because an anchored zero on these lists is unreliable where a name wraps across two printed lines: the Green List 36th edition of 2025 and the Yellow List 65th edition of July 2026. The search returned hits only inside the longer names hexahydrocannabinol and tetrahydrocannabinol, which is the substring trap this row is most exposed to, and no standalone entry. [Certain] Re-derived in this pass and restored, because it was on the live cell for this row and on none of the replacements I first built: Ley 1787 de 2016 is the medicinal and scientific cannabis statute, and it works on the Penal Code directly. The consolidated text of Código Penal article 375 carries the note Inciso adicionado por el artículo 12 del Ley 1787 de 2016, and article 377 carries Inciso adicionado por el artículo 14 del Ley 1787 de 2016. Those added paragraphs are what take licensed medicinal and scientific handling out of the cultivation and possession-of-plant offences. Recreational sale is untouched by them and remains criminal.

If prescribed / medical

The country level rule in Croatia is that carriage of a medicine containing a listed drug is set by Articles 24 and 24.a of the Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga rather than by the schedule, so paperwork changes what a traveller may hold and not where a substance sits. At the state border a traveller may hold such a medicine only on medical documentation and only in the quantity needed for personal use for at most 5 days. A person on substitution therapy for addiction, or on symptomatic therapy in the terminal phase of a malignant disease, may hold up to 15 days on the same documentation. Article 24.a of the Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga lets «osobe s prebivalištem, odnosno boravištem u Republici Hrvatskoj koje putuju u države Šengenskoga prostora», and since NN 39/2019 also «državljani Šengenskog prostora kada putuju u Republiku Hrvatsku», hold up to 30 days of such a medicine on a certificate issued on the prescribed form by «ovlašteni liječnik», an authorised doctor, whose content and appearance the health minister sets by pravilnik. Article 75 of the Schengen Convention lets a traveller carry the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances «that are necessary for their medical treatment» on «a certificate issued or authenticated by a competent authority of their State of residence», which turns on residence and not nationality: under Croatian law the authorised doctor's certificate is the document for a Croatian resident, and Article 75 points a visitor resident in another Schengen state to the certificate of the state where they live; which of the two governs a visitor who is a Schengen national resident elsewhere was not settled by anything read. Attached to this row: There is no authorised medicine in Croatia containing this substance alone, so no prescription route exists for it. The live cell recorded for this row: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).

Croatia, Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, NN 19/2023, no entry for this row in the narcotic list, the psychotropic list or the precursor categories, which on this row is silence rather than an express exclusion · the terms searched across all three lists of the Popis for this row were kanabinol, CBN, dibenzopirani, tetrahidrokanabinol, dronabinol · the live cell's recital that this substance was not named in the cited Croatian sources is superseded here by a search of the operative Popis itself, which is the instrument those cited sources point at · the Popis as published at NN 19/2023 of 17 February 2023, in force 18 February 2023, read at https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2023_02_19_331.html on 21 September 2026 · its only amendment, Izmjene i dopune Popisa, NN 154/2024 of 30 December 2024, read at https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2024_12_154_2555.html on 21 September 2026 · the enabling provision is Article 2(2) of the Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga, Narodne novine 107/01, 87/02, 163/03, 141/04, 40/07, 149/09, 84/11, 80/13 and 39/19 · Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga, Articles 2, 3, 13, 24, 24.a, 54 and 59, read in the consolidation at https://www.zakon.hr/z/293/zakon-o-suzbijanju-zlouporabe-droga on 21 September 2026 · Kazneni zakon, Articles 41, 44, 46 and 190, read in the consolidation at https://www.zakon.hr/z/98/kazneni-zakon on 21 September 2026 · the current three to twelve year band in Article 190(2) was set by Article 10 of the Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Kaznenog zakona, NN 136/2025, read at https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2025_11_136_2018.html on 21 September 2026, against which the private consolidation was checked · Ustav Republike Hrvatske, Article 21, read at https://www.zakon.hr/z/94/Ustav-Republike-Hrvatske on 21 September 2026 · the live cell's own references, the Drug Abuse Prevention Act (Zakon o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga, Official Gazette 107/2001, as amended) and the Criminal Code, carried forward · euda.europa.eu · the 2013 reclassification, the 660 to 2,650 euro fine, the 90 day detention, the no statutory quantity rule, the six months to five years, three to twelve years and fifteen to twenty year figures and the October 2015 medical cannabis permission with its 0,75 g monthly cap are carried forward from the live cell and were not re-derived in this pass · Updated October 4, 2026

Documentation

The chain has three links and the enumerated list sits in the middle one. Dahir portant loi 1-73-282 of 28 rebia II 1394 (21 May 1974), published at Bulletin officiel 3214 of 5 June 1974, pages 928 and 929, enumerates no substance at all. Its article 1 punishes contravention of the dahir of 12 rebia II 1341 (2 December 1922) on the importation, trade, holding and use of substances vénéneuses, or of the regulatory texts made for its application, concerning « les substances classées comme stupéfiants et inscrites au tableau B », and its articles 2, 3, 4 and 8 attach to « les substances ou plantes classées comme stupéfiants ». Classification therefore happens under the 1922 dahir. Article 1 of that dahir, as modified by the dahir of 17 March 1953, divides substances into « Tableau A: produits toxiques », « Tableau B: produits stupéfiants » and « Tableau C: produits dangereux », and provides that they are inscribed in section I and section II of each tableau by arrêté. The operative arrete was not read for this cell. The table annexed to the 1922 dahir and printed in the ONSSA consolidated text read on 22 September 2026 is the original annex as annexed in 1922; it carries no sections, so it predates the structure article 1 now describes. Dahir 1-80-140 of 17 December 1980, at Bulletin officiel 3590 of 19 August 1981, page 404, is a publication dahir: it publishes the 1971 Vienna Convention on psychotropic substances as annexed, and it creates no offence and inscribes nothing in tableau B. Its tableaux I to IV are the treaty's own schedules as printed in 1981, thirty two entries in total, and they were read complete from the page image. Law 13-21 on the licit uses of cannabis, promulgated by dahir 1-21-59 of 14 July 2021 and published at Bulletin officiel 7010 of 5 August 2021, does not decriminalise. Its article 1 opens « Nonobstant les dispositions du dahir du 12 rebia II 1341 (2 décembre 1922) », the dahir of 24 April 1954 prohibiting chanvre à kif and dahir portant loi 1-73-282, and then permits cultivation, production, transformation, manufacture, marketing, transport and export to be authorised by the Agence nationale de réglementation des activités relatives au cannabis. Article 50 reads « Sont applicables les sanctions et les mesures de sûreté prévues au dahir portant loi n° 1-73-282 » where that conduct is carried on without a valid authorisation, so the 1974 penalties are the sanction for unlicensed cannabis. Articles 6 and 17 cap tetrahydrocannabinol at a rate « fixé par voie réglementaire »; no such regulation appears in the issue, so no figure is stated here. Placement for cannabinol: in no entry of any tableau read, and the operative arrêté was not read. Search record. Cannabinol and CBN were searched with plural tolerance after the delta-8 false zero, and both return zero. The tétrahydrocannabinol stem hits once in the 1981 tableau and twice in Law 13-21, and none of those three is cannabinol. All searching was done with word boundaries enforced and with plural tolerance, after a search for tetrahydrocannabinol returned a false zero on the gazette's own plural. The dossier for this jurisdiction was treated as A term list and its printed Entry claims were not accepted. It presents English substance names inside a French quotation frame, attributes them to the 1981 Bulletin officiel, and names substances that postdate that printing by decades. Every entry quoted in this cell was read from the rendered page image of the gazette at 150 dpi, because the text layer of the 1974 and 1981 scans carries optical character recognition damage.

the table and item placement stated for this row is not printed in the quotation column of the dossier checked against this batch, because no quoted extract in that dossier carries a table or item marker for any of its 88 rows, measured at 0 of 88 on 22 September 2026 · it was read instead in the Official Gazette annex named above · the statute amendment chain carried in the consolidated text and re-derived from it on 22 September 2026 is Law No. 7 of 1998, Law No. 20 of 2003, Law No. 1 of 2006, Law No. 3 of 2020 and Law No. 16 of 2023, which that text marks on 5, 1, 28, 33 and 1 articles respectively, article 41 bis having been repealed by Law No. 1 of 2006 · the separate medicines regime is Law No. 19 of 1993, whose article 14 gives the Minister the parallel power over its own schedules · Qatar, Cannabinol, searched in Tables 1 to 5 of Law No. 9 of 1987 and in the three Ministry of Public Health controlled lists, no matching entry · Qatar, Law No. 9 of 1987 on the control of narcotic drugs and dangerous psychotropic substances, consolidated Arabic text read at https://www.almeezan.qa/LawView.aspx?opt&LawID=3989&language=ar on 22 September 2026, where the portal states its material is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 · the attached annex, which the Al Meezan schedule note returns empty, was read instead in the Official Gazette scan at https://encyclop.sjc.gov.qa/Portal3/ahkam/OpenpdfFile.aspx?id=8, all thirty pages, a scan carrying no text layer, so it was rendered and read as images and the Latin entry column was transcribed by optical character recognition and confirmed against the page image · the Supreme Judicial Council site reserves all rights and no open-reuse licence was located, so only the wording needed for verification is reproduced · the schedule amendments read in full, each through its last article, are Ministerial Decision 22 of 2015 at https://www.almeezan.qa/LawView.aspx?opt&LawID=6806&language=ar, Decision 6 of 2024 at https://www.almeezan.qa/LawView.aspx?opt&LawID=9649&language=ar, Decision 2 of 2025 at https://www.almeezan.qa/LawView.aspx?opt&LawID=9855&language=ar and Decision 8 of 2026 at https://www.almeezan.qa/LawView.aspx?opt&LawID=10296&language=ar · the Ministry of Public Health Pharmacy and Drug Control Department guideline Controls and Regulations for the release of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and psychoactive drugs, signed by the Director of that Department, read on 22 September 2026 from a mirror because the Ministry host www.moph.gov.qa refused programmatic retrieval behind a challenge page on that date, so this list is cited as an administrative Ministry list and never as proof of a numbered table placement · the penalty, quantity and fine figures in this cell were re-derived from the consolidated article text on 22 September 2026 and are not carried forward from any earlier cell or summary · Updated September 21, 2026

Consequences if caught

Capital exposure: none. This is not a flat abolition. Article 140 of the 1993 Constitution, read in the official text in this run, provides that "La pena de muerte sólo puede aplicarse por el delito de traición a la patria en caso de guerra, y el de terrorismo, conforme a las leyes y a los tratados de los que el Perú es parte obligada". The penalty therefore exists in Peruvian constitutional law and reaches two offences, neither of which is a drug offence. Read against the articles themselves, every offence among Codigo Penal articles 296 to 302 states pena privativa de libertad with a numeric range, article 299 declares a possession not punishable and sets no penalty, article 303 provides expulsion, article 296-D is derogated, and none of them states death. Read the penalties that follow with this in front of them. They are Peru's published penalties and they are not this row's exposure, because whether the trafficking offence reaches this substance at all is exactly what the listing did not establish. They are set out in full rather than dropped, so that nothing sourced is lost, but no figure below is asserted against this substance. With that said, these are the published figures. The trafficking offence is article 296 of the Codigo Penal in the wording given it by article 3 of Decreto Legislativo 1592, published on 14 December 2023, which names "drogas tóxicas, sean estupefacientes, sustancias psicotrópicas o nuevas sustancias psicoactivas". Article 296 first paragraph sets 8 to 15 years, 180 to 365 dias-multa and disqualification for promoting, favouring or facilitating illegal consumption by acts of manufacture or trafficking; its second paragraph sets 6 to 12 years and 120 to 180 dias-multa for possession "para usos ilegales", the words Decreto Legislativo 1592 put in place of the earlier "para su tráfico ilícito", so the possession limb no longer turns on proof of an intent to traffic; its third paragraph sets 5 to 10 years for supplying raw materials or chemical substances, controlled or not, destined for the illegal elaboration of those drugs; and its fourth paragraph sets 5 to 10 years for a conspiracy of two or more persons. Article 297 raises the range to 15 to 25 years for its listed aggravations, among them commission by three or more persons or inside a criminal organisation, sale to minors, and commission in or near a school, health centre, sports venue or place of detention. The ceiling that does run is 25 to 35 years under article 297, which reaches the agent who acts as jefe, dirigente o cabecilla of an organisation dedicated to illicit drug trafficking or to the inputs for its elaboration, applies the same range where a person uses illicit drug trafficking to finance terrorist activity, and, in the final paragraph Ley 32250 added on 19 January 2025, applies it again where drug trafficking activity violates or seeks to violate the life, physical or mental integrity, liberty or property of one or more persons. Article 297 numeral 7, as reworded by Ley 32250, sets the quantity aggravation at 20 kg of pasta basica de cocaina, 10 kg of clorhidrato de cocaina, 5 kg of latex de opio or 500 g of its derivatives, 100 kg of marihuana or 2 kg of its derivatives, 15 g of extasis, or three milligrams of fentanilo or its analogues. Article 298, retitled by Decreto Legislativo 1592 as the formas atenuadas and reworded again by Ley 32250, sets 3 to 7 years where the toxic drug elaborated, manufactured, prepared, traded, handed to others or possessed para usos ilegales does not exceed 50 g of pasta basica de cocaina, 25 g of clorhidrato de cocaina, 5 g of latex de opio or 1 g of its derivatives, 100 g of marihuana or 10 g of its derivatives, 2 g of extasis, or up to one milligram of fentanilo, rising to 6 to 10 years where the conduct also answers aggravations 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of article 297. Article 299, in the wording given it by Decreto Legislativo 1592, makes possession of a toxic drug destined for the holder's own and immediate consumption not punishable in a quantity not exceeding five grams of pasta basica de cocaina, two grams of clorhidrato de cocaina, eight grams of marihuana or two grams of its derivatives, one gram of latex de opio or two hundred milligrams of its derivatives, or two hundred and fifty milligrams of extasis, and its second paragraph excludes from that protection the possession of two or more kinds of toxic drugs, "sean estupefacientes, sustancias psicotrópicas o nuevas sustancias psicoactivas". The lineage of these articles, kept so that nothing sourced is lost: Ley 28002 of 17 June 2003 derogated article 296-D; Decreto Legislativo 982 of 22 July 2007 replaced articles 296, 296-A, 297, 298 and 299; Decreto Legislativo 1237 of 26 September 2015 replaced articles 296, 296-B and 297, the wording of 296 and 297 the previous cell quoted as current; Decreto Legislativo 1592 of 14 December 2023 replaced articles 296, 298 and 299; and Ley 32250 of 19 January 2025 replaced article 297 numeral 7, added its final paragraph and replaced article 298 numeral 1. The last two are the current text read in this run. Articles 297 numerals 1 to 6 and 300 to 303 were read in the Congreso compendio. Article 303, as replaced by the second complementary modifying provision of Ley 30219 of 8 July 2014, provides that a foreign national who has served the custodial sentence imposed, or who is granted a penitentiary benefit, is expelled from the country and barred from returning. Article 15 letter d of Decreto Legislativo 1241, read in the consolidated text in this run, lets the Policia Nacional detain a person caught in flagrante for up to fifteen calendar days. Carried from the previous cell and not re-derived in this run: police frequently treat a possessor as a trafficker. Article 89 numeral 13 of Decreto Ley 22095, defining droga, closes by providing that "para los efectos de la represión penal, se considera únicamente las listas I y II A", and article 296 as worded by Decreto Legislativo 1592 reaches drogas tóxicas, sean estupefacientes, sustancias psicotrópicas o nuevas sustancias psicoactivas; neither brings in a substance that no list names, which is why no figure above is asserted here. What was not established on this row is the placement itself. The search run over Anexo N. 2 under cannabinol, canabinol and CBN returned no entry, and the only thing the search reached was Tetrahidrocannabinoles, isomeros y variantes estereoquimicas at Lista II A item 13, and it was reached as a substring rather than as an entry. Cannabinol is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, so that entry does not carry it.

Documentation

Provenance: this row stays unplaced after this run's searches of the annex to Resolucion Ministerial 0804-2026-IN, of the INCB Green List 36th edition and Yellow List 65th edition, and of Anexo N. 2 in its 9 March 2026 Wayback capture, all on 3 October 2026. The offence articles set out are Codigo Penal article 296 and articles 298 and 299 as worded by Decreto Legislativo 1592, article 297 as reworded by Ley 32250, and articles 297 numerals 1 to 6 and 300 to 303 as read in the Congreso compendio. The previous pass's provenance, carried: the finding relied on is a negative search of all 244 entries of Anexo N. 2 of the Reglamento approved by Decreto Supremo 023-2001-SA, read in the DIGEMID Catalogo de Sustancias Controladas marked NOVIEMBRE_2024_V1, whose address is given in full in the source field, and cross read against the DIGEMID publication of the same Anexo dated 2021, together with the 1978 annex to Decreto Ley 22095, and every list was followed to its final numbered item. The terms carried into that search over Anexo N. 2 were cannabinol, canabinol and CBN. None of them reached an entry. Personal use possession of a single kind of drug below its article 299 figure is not a crime, while possessing two or more kinds at once is, because the second paragraph of article 299 withdraws the protection. Carried from the previous cell and not re-derived in this run: medical cannabis is lawful under Ley 30681 of 2017, whose Reglamento was approved by Decreto Supremo 005-2019-SA and is cited in the catalogue's own footnote to the Lista II A cannabis entries, items 12 and 13; hemp is regulated under Ley 32195 of 2024, carried from the previous cell and not re-derived here. The coca leaf has a status of its own, carried from the cell settled on 21 September 2026 and not re-read in this run: no entry among the 244 in Anexo N. 2 is the leaf, the only coca entries being Cocaina at Lista II A item 1 and Lista IV A item 10, and article 89 numeral 6 of Decreto Ley 22095 defines Cocaina as the alkaloids extracted from the leaves of the coca bush or synthesised from ecgonina, while numeral 4 defines the arbusto de coca separately as the plant of the genus erythroxilon. The leaf is therefore outside the drug schedule altogether and sits instead under a state monopoly and cultivation regime: article 31 prohibits cultivation in new areas, article 32 puts all coca varieties under state fiscalisation, and article 41, as replaced by article 1 of Ley 27634 published on 16 January 2002, gives the industrialisation and commercialisation of leaf from registered holdings to the state company ENACO S.A. The previous cell gave article 60 as substituted by article 1 of Decreto Legislativo 122, which is right, but described under it the 1978 text that Decreto Legislativo 122 repealed, as Decreto Ley 22095, read in this run, shows. Article 60 as enacted in 1978 set 2 to 5 years for cultivating coca without registration or beyond the registered extent, for paying for personal services in coca leaf, for an owner, tenant, administrator, guard or person in charge who consents to the distribution or consumption of drugs on premises in their charge, and for selling leaf in unauthorised zones or without an ENACO licence. Article 1 of Decreto Legislativo 122, published on 15 June 1981, repealed that text and put in its place an offence of shielding a person from prosecution or punishment for drug trafficking, 5 to 8 years, or 10 to 15 years where the one who shields is an official charged with the investigation of the offence or the custody of the offender, and the consolidated text refers the reader to Section II, Chapter III of the Codigo Penal approved by Decreto Legislativo 635. The premises offence the previous cell called the one most likely to reach a visitor is therefore the repealed 1978 text and is not stated here as law; permitting drug use on premises is not shown by anything read in this run to be an offence of its own, and article 296 reaches promoting, favouring or facilitating illegal consumption only through acts of manufacture or trafficking. Nothing read in the 21 September 2026 pass makes possession or traditional chewing of the leaf an offence, which is why it is not treated here as one. Carry any controlled medicine in its original labelled packaging with the prescription, and confirm the position with your embassy before travelling.

Peru, Resolucion Ministerial 0804-2026-IN of the Ministerio del Interior approving the Lista de Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas (NSP), in El Peruano at https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2526706-1 and on gob.pe at https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mininter/normas-legales/8278257-0804-2026-in, resolution https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/10174756/8278257-0804-2026-in.pdf and annex https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/10174757/8278257-anexo-0804-2026-in.pdf · Decreto Legislativo 1241 as consolidated by the Congreso, with article 14 as replaced by Decreto Legislativo 1592, at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con6_uibd.nsf/DEEDF5BA81015EF805258AB40052BA3C/$FILE/dec_leg_1241.pdf · Decreto Legislativo 1592, article 3 on Codigo Penal articles 296, 298 and 299, at https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2244234-2 · Ley 32250 on Codigo Penal articles 297 and 298 at https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2363369-3 · Codigo Penal articles 296 to 303 in the Compendio Normativo sobre Trafico Ilicito de Drogas of the Congreso at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con4_uibd.nsf/99D85DBA6D67749605257F540070950B/$FILE/Compendio-Normativo-TID.pdf · Decreto Legislativo 982 at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con4_uibd.nsf/448FEBA50C50F63B05257A6E005C3C8C/$FILE/DL_982.pdf · Anexo N. 2 of the Reglamento approved by Decreto Supremo 023-2001-SA in the DIGEMID Catalogo de Sustancias Controladas NOVIEMBRE_2024_V1, https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/Archivos/PortalWeb/Informativo/Catalogacion/SUSTANCIA_CONTROLADA_NOVIEMBRE_2024.pdf, read in the capture https://web.archive.org/web/20260309092330/https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/Archivos/PortalWeb/Informativo/Catalogacion/SUSTANCIA_CONTROLADA_NOVIEMBRE_2024.pdf · the Reglamento itself on gob.pe at https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/normas-legales/255646-023-2001-sa · Decreto Ley 22095 at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con6_uibd.nsf/1AC694FF39FA6B7105258AB40050EAB2/$FILE/decreto_ley_22095.pdf · the Constitution, articles 55 and 140, at https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/198518/Constitucion_Politica_del_Peru_1993.pdf · the 1971 Convention schedules in the INCB Green List 36th edition of 2025 at https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf and the 1961 Convention schedules in the INCB Yellow List 65th edition of July 2026 at https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Yellow_List/65th_Edition/YL_65th_EN_unedited.pdf, with the editions the previous cell read, the Green List 35th edition at https://www.incb.org/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2025/2412193E.pdf and the Yellow List 64th edition at https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Yellow_List/64th_edition/YL_64th_E.pdf, fetched as well · all fetched on 3 October 2026. The previous cell's sources, carried: Peru, Anexo N. 2 of the Reglamento de Estupefacientes, Psicotropicos y otras sustancias sujetas a fiscalizacion sanitaria approved by Decreto Supremo 023-2001-SA, read in the DIGEMID Catalogo de Sustancias Controladas NOVIEMBRE_2024_V1 at https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/Archivos/PortalWeb/Informativo/Catalogacion/SUSTANCIA_CONTROLADA_NOVIEMBRE_2024.pdf, which is the Area de Catalogacion of DIGEMID reproducing Anexo N. 2 under its own heading rather than the annex as enacted, and cross read against the DIGEMID publication of the same Anexo at https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/Archivos/PortalWeb/Informativo/Psicotropicos/LISTAS_CONTROLADOS_2021.pdf · the Reglamento's own text, whose article 2 makes Anexo N. 2 the operative listing, at https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/Archivos/Normatividad/2001/DecretoSupremoN023-2001-SA.pdf · Decreto Ley 22095 with its 1978 annexed lists at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con6_uibd.nsf/1AC694FF39FA6B7105258AB40050EAB2/$FILE/decreto_ley_22095.pdf · Codigo Penal articles 296 to 303 in the Compendio Normativo sobre Trafico Ilicito de Drogas published by the Congreso de la Republica at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con4_uibd.nsf/99D85DBA6D67749605257F540070950B/$FILE/Compendio-Normativo-TID.pdf, with the current wording of articles 298 and 299 confirmed against Decreto Legislativo 982 at https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con4_uibd.nsf/448FEBA50C50F63B05257A6E005C3C8C/$FILE/DL_982.pdf · the Constitution, articles 140 on the death penalty, 55 on treaties in national law and 2 numeral 24 letter d on the legality principle, in the official text at https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/198518/Constitucion_Politica_del_Peru_1993.pdf · the 1971 Convention schedules in the INCB Green List 2025 at https://www.incb.org/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2025/2412193E.pdf and the 1961 Convention schedules in the INCB Yellow List 64th edition of July 2025 at https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Yellow_List/64th_edition/YL_64th_E.pdf · read as at 21 September 2026. The finding for this row is an absence from all 244 entries of Anexo N. 2 rather than an entry in it, recorded against the Spanish terms cannabinol, canabinol, CBN. · Updated October 4, 2026

Documentation

Provenance. The Anexo was read in the Gaceta Oficial edition of Ley 913, edition 947NEC of 23 March 2017, downloaded from the Gaceta at gacetaoficialdebolivia.gob.bo, and cross checked line by line against the copy the Dirección General de Sustancias Controladas publishes at dgsc.gob.bo. The two copies carry the same entries and differ only in line breaks and in a handful of characters where a capital letter I is set as a lowercase letter l in the text layer. The Anexo says on its own face that it reproduces the 1961 and 1971 convention lists as amended in force from 19 September 1987, so it is an old list re enacted in 2017 and it is materially the same list Ley 1008 annexed. Which instrument governs, re derived this pass. Ley 913 did not replace Ley 1008. Its first derogatory disposition derogates article 33 incisos a), q) and r), articles 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 and 44 of Título II, and Títulos VI, VII and VIII, and nothing else. Título III, the offences and penalties at articles 46 to 55, was left standing and is still the law, and Ley 913 itself contains no criminal penalty at all. What did move is the schedule. Article 33(a), the inciso that defined sustancias controladas by pointing at the Ley 1008 annex, is derogated, and Ley 913 article 5(c) with its own Anexo took its place. Ley 906 of 8 March 2017 separately abrogated the coca title of Ley 1008. So a cell that cites Law 1008 for the list is citing a derogated inciso, while a cell that cites it for the penalty is right. One loose end sits in the statute itself: article 46 still reads plantas señaladas por el anexo a que se refiere el inciso a) del artículo 33, and that inciso no longer exists. [Certain] Carriage. Carry any controlled medicine in its original dispensing packaging with the prescription, and expect a carrier to ask for the Ministry of Health or Ministry of Government authorisation that article 21 I of Ley 913 obliges it to require before a substance of the Anexo lists crosses the customs frontier.

Documentation

Control model. Article 1 of Ley 1.340/1988 defines sustancias estupefacientes y drogas peligrosas as, first, those in the lists annexed to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and to the Convention on Psychotropic Substances ratified by Leyes 338 and 339 of 17 December 1971, second, any substance of natural or synthetic origin able to produce dependence, stimulation or depression of the central nervous system, or hallucinations, motor and sensory disturbance, or a change in behaviour, perception or mood, or effects analogous to the first limb, and third, the salts, preparations and pharmaceutical specialities and any product usable in their elaboration. The second and third limbs are fixed by decree of the Executive originating in the Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social, on a list article 1 requires to be updated in December of each year and to name substances by the generic name adopted by the World Health Organization. The decree in force is Decreto 5.213 of 6 May 2005, whose article 1 was replaced by Decreto 5.282 of 2021, which also abrogated Decreto 12.064/2008. [Certain] Schedule read. The consolidated schedule is published by DINAVISA as the Listado Actualizado de Sustancias sujetas a fiscalizacion en Paraguay, Dic. 2025, in three sheets, estupefacientes, psicotropicos, and precursores y productos quimicos. It was read in full for this row and it holds 469 named entries. [Certain] That workbook is a publisher consolidation and not the instrument itself, and it was checked against both of the sources it consolidates. Two omissions were measured. It drops 25I-NBOMe, which is entry PN 008 of the 1971 Convention list and sits between two entries the workbook does reproduce, and it drops Amitriptilina from the national tier although Decreto 5.282/2021 opens that list with that name. So an absence in the workbook alone does not establish an absence in law. Every row in this batch that is recorded as not found was searched against the Convention lists as well, in Spanish and in English and by chemical name, because article 1 limb a of Ley 1.340/1988 incorporates those lists directly and only limbs b and c depend on the decree. [Certain] Search result for this row. Cannabinol returned nothing anywhere in the schedule. Tetrahidrocannabinol and its named isomers are in Lista I and Hexahidrocannabinol is in Lista II, but cannabinol is a different molecule from both and the Lista I rule extends to esteroisomeros only. [Certain] that this is what the December 2025 schedule holds. Amending history re-derived this pass. Ley 1.340/1988 has been amended by Ley 68/1992 on article 2, Ley 171/1993 on articles 51 and 52, Ley 1.881/2002, Ley 5.434/2015 on article 23, and Ley 6.902/2022 on articles 2, 3, 4, 23, 47, 101 and 105. Ley 1.881/2002 rewrote articles 19, 21, 23, 53 and 54, added chapters 10 to 16, renumbered the old articles 72 to 83 as 99 to 111, and by its article 4 repealed articles 27, 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60. Articles 1 and 30 have not been amended. [Certain] Correction to the live cell. The live Paraguayan cells attribute trafficking and cultivation to article 16 at 10 to 20 years. Article 16 is supply made to facilitate another offence and carries 5 to 15 years. Cultivation is article 33 and carries 10 to 20 years. The article number in the live cell is wrong and has been corrected here against the statute text. [Certain] The research dossier was not relied on for placement. Its two cited library identifiers for the primary instrument were both fetched and both resolve to unrelated statutes, one on housing debt and one on a municipal land transfer. Its quotation column is a formula wrapped around the corpus name rather than a quotation from any Paraguayan text. It assigns a 20 year ceiling to article 27, which set 5 to 15 years and was repealed in 2002. It offered Escopolamina, Catha edulis, Lophophora williamsii and Ergina as Paraguayan entry names and none of the four is in the December 2025 schedule. It recorded ketamine, tramadol, GHB, mephedrone, methylone, MDPV, MXE and 2C-B as unresolved and all eight are named entries. Every placement stated here was read from the schedule itself. [Certain] Medicinal cannabis route. Ley 6.007, promulgated 19 December 2017 and published 29 December 2017, creates a national programme for the medical and scientific study of the medicinal, therapeutic and palliative use of the cannabis plant and its derivatives, known as PROINCUMEC, and article 1 says the law will also regulate controlled production for that purpose. Article 2 obliges the programme to guarantee free access to hemp oil and other cannabis derivatives to anyone enrolled, on the conditions the regulation sets, and to admit patients voluntarily and only on strict medical indication. It is regulated by Decreto 9.303 and Decreto 7.761, and the applying authority is DINAVISA. The live cell dated this law to 2018 and called it a bill; it is a law of 2017, and it opens a research and access programme rather than a general medical market. [Certain] on the date and on what article 1 and article 2 say. Recreational sale and purchase remain illegal under Ley 1.340/1988. A self cultivation bill numbered 6602/2020 was rejected, and a DINAVISA resolution numbered 488/2025 is recorded as medical only: both are carried from the live cell and were not re-derived in this pass. Capital and life. Article 4 of the 1992 Constitucion Nacional reads Queda abolida la pena de muerte. Ley 1.340/1988 contains no capital provision and no life provision, and its highest range is 10 to 25 years. [Certain] The schedule read was the Listado Actualizado de Sustancias sujetas a fiscalizacion en Paraguay, Dic. 2025, published by DINAVISA under Decreto 5.213/2005 as amended by Decreto 5.282/2021, read as at 21 September 2026, together with the 1961 and 1971 Convention lists that article 1 limb a incorporates directly. Reading them does not rule out a later decree, a later edition of the list, or a later Convention scheduling decision that names this substance.

Documentation

[Certain] Placement read in this pass: not named; see חלק א' סימן ב' פרט 4 and חלק א' סימן א' פרט 1. The reading is of the consolidated First Schedule whose own amendment note at its head ends at התשע"ח and whose schedule pages carry the 1.4.2018 update stamp, with section 7 stamped 1.1.2019 and the file closing with (סוף הפקודה), and a later amendment to the Schedule is not ruled out, and this reading is of that version and no other. Carried from the published entry and from the b162 staging, not re-derived in this pass [Likely]: cannabis is decriminalised by policy rather than legalised. Since 1 April 2019, under a temporary order following the July 2018 Knesset approval, adult personal use or possession of a small amount, 15 g or less, is handled administratively rather than as a criminal offence; private home use is said to be no offence at all, while public use draws a graduated fine, the first about NIS 1,000 or about USD 275, doubled on the second, with the third triggering a criminal investigation or licence loss and the fourth prosecution. Per NIDA and the Anti-Drug Authority cannabis use is still forbidden. Soldiers, prisoners, minors and police are excluded from that framework and remain criminal. The framework is cannabis only and does not extend to other drugs. Also carried and flagged as draft rather than enacted: a 2020 bill to decriminalise up to 50 g did not pass; 2022 Sa'ar draft regulations to make personal use purely administrative and expunge records; a February 2024 redefinition of dangerous drug to only cannabis above 0.3% THC, which would place low-THC CBD outside the Ordinance. The b162 staging also carried an 8 year asset seizure exposure on the trafficking route, which was not re-derived here and is not in the sections read in this pass. Medical cannabis is one of the world's oldest and largest programmes, run by the Israel Medical Cannabis Agency under the Ministry of Health, with a figure of about 130,000 to 140,000 patients and a January 2024 reform that dropped the last resort requirement. None of those figures was verified against a primary source in this pass. [Certain] Re-derived here instead: section 7(c1) of the Ordinance keys its special fine offence expressly to פרטים 1 ו־2 בסימן א' בחלק א', that is to cannabis and cannabis resin and to nothing else among these 88 rows, and sets the fine at NIS 1,000 for a first offence and NIS 2,000 for a second. The Ordinance's own footnote to that subsection states that it came into force on 1.4.2019 and applies for 3 years from that date, which on its face runs to 1.4.2022; the text read here does not record an extension and does not record a lapse, so neither is asserted. Israel has no capital provision for any drug offence.

Documentation

Consolidation read: Ley Orgánica de Drogas, sanctioned 18 August 2010, published in Gaceta Oficial 39.510 of 15 September 2010 and reprinted, the reprint read here being the one ordered under article 4 of the Ley de Publicaciones Oficiales to correct Gaceta Oficial 39.535 of 21 October 2010, which was carried in Gaceta Oficial 39.546 of 5 November 2010. The 39.510 scan and the reprint text were compared on articles 131, 149 and 153 and agree on every figure and range. [Certain] that the reprint text read here is the 39.546 one, resolved in this pass against the gazette itself rather than inferred from the reprint order. Gaceta Oficial number 39.546 was read: its masthead is "Numero 39.546" over "Caracas, viernes 5 de noviembre de 2010", its sumario carries the "Aviso Oficial mediante el cual se corrige por error material la Ley Organica de Drogas, sancionada el 18 de agosto de 2010". The issue is a 21 page scan with no text layer and was read through Spanish optical character recognition, so everything below the masthead was matched on recognised text and not on the image. Measured against the reprint text read here, in 24 character blocks: article 153 matches on 22 of 23, article 149 on 20 of 23 and article 134 on 15 of 24, the shortfall in each being optical recognition noise on the scanned side. [Certain as to the masthead and the sumario, which are large print and unambiguous, and therefore as to the issue number and its date and subject.] [Likely as to the per article comparison, which cannot be stronger than the optical recognition it runs on.] Control model, re derived from the statute in this pass. Article 2 applies the Law's control, vigilance and fiscalisation provisions to “el conjunto de sustancias incorporadas en las listas y anexos de los convenios y tratados suscritos y ratificados por la República”, and to further substances determined by the ministries with competence in health and in intermediate industries. Article 3 numeral 12 defines estupefacientes as “cualesquiera de las sustancias, naturales o sintéticas, que figuran en la lista I o la lista II de la Convención Única de 1961, Sobre Estupefacientes, Enmendada por el Protocolo de 1972”, and numeral 29 defines a sustancia psicotrópica as “cualquier sustancia, natural o sintética, o cualquier material natural que figure en las listas I, II, III o IV del Convenio sobre Sustancias Psicotrópicas de 1971”. The Law's own Anexo I, Lista I and Lista II, is a list of controlled chemicals and precursors, not of drugs: it runs from Ácido N-acetilantranilico and Ácido Lisérgico through Efedrina, Ergometrina, Ergotamina, Isosafrol, Piperonal, Safrol and Seudoefedrina to Permanganato de potasio and Anhídrido acético. There is therefore no Venezuelan chemical schedule of drugs to read; the schedule is the Convention schedule. No anchored entry was found for this row. The term list was built from the name columns of the two incorporated INCB lists and from the 2026-09-20 Venezuela dossier's quotation column, matched anchored at the start of the entry name and never as a free substring, and every candidate was read before it was accepted or discarded. Discarded on reading: the string cannabinol occurs in the lists only as the tail of tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and hexahydrocannabinol; there is no standalone cannabinol entry. Read as at the INCB Yellow List, 65th edition of July 2026, for the 1961 Convention schedules and the INCB Green List, 36th edition of 2025, for the 1971 Convention schedules. That does not rule out a later edition, and article 2 of the Law lets the health and intermediate industries ministries determine further substances, so this is an unresolved row and not a proved absence. Method note. The 2026-09-20 Venezuela dossier was used only as the slug list and as a term list source. Its outcome column, its instrument column and its quotation column were not treated as evidence, and no placement in this batch rests on them; every placement is the entry read in the list the statute incorporates. Sibling name traps were checked rather than assumed: desomorphine, ethylmorphine, nicomorphine, nicocodine, norcodeine and dihydrocodeine are separate entries that anchored matching correctly did not return for the morphine or codeine rows, and brolamfetamine is a separate entry that did not return for the amphetamine row. Carried from the live cell and not re derived here: that there is no medical cannabis programme in Venezuela, that CBD and hemp are treated as illegal, and that only limited scientific research licences exist. [Likely], source is the live 2cb cell dated 2026-06-26, none of it is in the Ley Orgánica de Drogas. Correction carried into every cell of this batch: the gram figures are in article 153 and in article 149, not in article 131. The live cells attributed them to article 131, which prints no quantity at all. The ceiling of this Law is thirty years under the final paragraph of article 149, not twenty five. Routes run for the instrument in this pass. The Asamblea Nacional URL cited on every row of the 2026-09-20 dossier returned HTTP 404 and 5,734 bytes of HTML, so that register is not usable. The UNODC SHERLOC copy returned HTTP 200 and a 9.9 MB scan of the Gaceta Oficial of 15 September 2010, which was read with pdftotext. oas.org redirected every juridico path to its unavailable page. A clean digital text of the reprint was obtained from a Venezuelan law firm reproduction and the two were compared on articles 131, 149 and 153, which agree.

Documentation

Decreto 48-92 annexes no list of substances. Article 1 reaches the drugs "incluidos en los convenios y tratados internacionales al respecto, ratificados por Guatemala y en cualquier otro instrumento jurídico internacional que sobre esta materia se apruebe", and article 2(b) defines "Estupefacientes y sustancias psicotrópicas" as "Cualquier droga natural o sintética, así considerada en tratados o convenios internacionales de observancia obligatoria en la República de Guatemala, el Código de Salud y demás disposiciones que se emitan para determinar las drogas de uso prohibido a que se refiere la presente ley". An anchored search of the whole 57 KB law text returned no substance name at all, which is the measurement behind that reading. The health authority says the same thing in its own words: MSPAS Normativa 22-2001, section 2, states that "Los Estupefacientes y Sicotrópicos son los enumerados en la Convención Unica de 1961 sobre Estupefacientes, en el Convenio sobre Substancias Sicotrópicas de 1971 y en la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas y otras Sustancias consideradas como tales por las leyes del país y por las disposiciones dictadas por la autoridad de salud". This row was searched under "cannabinol", "cannabinol y sus derivados", and with mechanical spelling variants of those, 5 candidate terms in all, matched anchored at the start of an entry name so that a longer entry containing the term could not be read as this row. None of them began an entry. The anchored search appeared to match "CANNABINOL" in Schedule I of the 1971 Convention. Read, that is not an entry at all: it is the entry name "TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL" at PT 002 broken across two printed lines, and the six isomers it goes on to name are every one of them a tetrahydrocannabinol. This row is the fully aromatic compound, and it is not among them. The trap is a line wrap rather than a chemical relationship, and it would have become a false placement on any matcher that did not read the entry. The lists read were the INCB Yellow List, 64th edition of July 2025, for the 1961 Convention, the INCB Green List, 35th edition of 2024, for the 1971 Convention, the INCB Red List, 23rd edition of July 2025, for Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention, and Acuerdo Gubernativo 54-2003. Those are the three treaties MSPAS Normativa 22-2001 section 2 names, so limb one is now read in full; an earlier version of this cell had read two of the three and substituted a national Acuerdo for the 1988 tables. The Código de Salud and the "demás disposiciones que se emitan" were not obtained, so this row is unresolved rather than absent, and as at those editions the position does not rule out a later national provision reaching this substance. Acuerdo Ministerial 239-2022 amended Listado I of Acuerdo Gubernativo 54-2003, which is direct evidence that these lists move. What follows is Guatemala's published penalty scheme, and it is the country's scheme and not this row's exposure, because whether the offence reaches this substance is exactly what was not established. Article 38, "Comercio, tráfico y almacenamiento ilícito", sets prison of twelve to twenty years and a fine of Q50,000 to Q1,000,000, both of those figures being money and neither of them a quantity of any substance. Article 39, "Posesión para el consumo", makes possession for one's own consumption an offence in its own right, at four months to two years and a fine of Q200 to Q10,000, consumption being made out where the seized drug "no exceda de la cantidad razonable para el consumo inmediato". No article states a gram figure for any substance, so the line between personal use and trafficking is judicial. Article 36 sets five to twenty years for sowing or cultivation and article 37 eight to twenty years for manufacture, which puts the ceiling on the conduct articles at twenty years. Article 15 names article 39 among the sentences that may be commuted where the prison term does not exceed five years, at Q5 to Q100 per day. One figure in the superseded cell is corrected here. It put cultivation or manufacture at up to about twenty to twenty five years. Read from the gazette, article 36 sets five to twenty years and article 37 eight to twenty years, so twenty years is the ceiling on those two conduct articles and twenty five was never in the law [Certain, re-derived this pass]. Twenty years is not the maximum term this statute can impose: article 52 still provides thirty years where a death results, now that the words "muerte o" have gone from it. Carried from the live cell and not re-derived in this pass [Likely]: Guatemala has no medical cannabis, a 2016 bill having been rejected, and extradition to the United States is possible under a 1940 treaty.

Documentation

The version read for this cell is the annex to Law 15 of 2007 as printed in Official Gazette 2804 of 16 August 2007 at pages 20 to 34, together with the publisher's amendment register for the Law, which on 22 September 2026 listed exactly three amendments and showed a site update of 17 September 2026. The register does not certify that no other instrument exists, so the consolidation is silent on that stronger point. The power that moves these tables is article 4 of the Law, which lets the Council of Ministers add to the attached schedules or change their percentages on the Minister's proposal after a committee of specialists approves, so the list can move without a new Law and all three amendments so far were made that way. The twelve tables reproduce the convention lists: the Group I Schedule 3 heading names Schedule III of the 1961 Convention in its English line and the 1971 Convention in its Arabic line, which is a mismatch inside the Gazette itself, Group II carries the four schedules of the 1971 Convention, and Group III mirrors the two tables of the 1988 Convention down to the note excluding the salts of hydrochloric and sulphuric acid. All twelve tables were read and the name Cannabinol is not printed in any of them; the placement stated above is through the entry quoted, not through an entry bearing this row's own name. The terms searched were cannabinol, CBN. That sub-claim is stated as those schedules stand after Decision 14 of 2020, the last of the three amendments on the publisher's register for this Law, read on 22 September 2026. The group and schedule placement stated here is not printed in the quotation column of the dossier this lane was given: that column carries a bare entry name on its placement rows and a synthesised Arabic search record on its absence rows, and no group marker on any of its 88 rows, so every placement in this batch was read from the Gazette annex page instead. Bahrain's drug law carries capital exposure, and which offences reach it is set out in the street section of this cell rather than recited as a general fact about the country.

Documentation

The end of each recovered list was read rather than sampled. The 1338 decree ends with its group 2 entries and its preparation rule, and the four schedules end at entry 62 of Schedule 4, zolpidem, with 28, 17, 9 and 62 entries and 116 in all. Iran keeps the death penalty for drug offences and uses it. Article 45, added by the Act of 1396/07/12, which is 4 October 2017, and approved by the Guardian Council on 1396/07/26, which is 18 October 2017, reaches only offences that already carry death or life imprisonment under this Law, and its paragraph (t) sets the quantity limb: «کلیه جرائم موضوع ماده (4) این قانون مشروط بر اینکه بیش از پنجاه کیلوگرم باشد و مواد موضوع ماده (8) این قانون مشروط بر اینکه بیش از دو کیلوگرم باشد و در خصوص سایر جرائم موضوع ماده (8) در صورتی‌که بیش از سه کیلوگرم باشد». The quantities are more than 50 kilograms for Article 4 offences, more than 2 kilograms for the Article 8 supply limb, and more than 3 kilograms for the other Article 8 offences of buying, keeping, concealing or transporting, which is how the Head of the Judiciary circular of 1396/10/16, meaning 6 January 2018, reads that paragraph at its own paragraph 7. Below those quantities the older capital wording does not lapse by itself, because Article 45 converts a former death case to grade one imprisonment of up to thirty years and a former life case to grade two imprisonment, with confiscation of drug proceeds in both. The money runs beside that conversion: a grade one fine up to twice its minimum for the former death case and a grade two fine for the former life case. Paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Article 45 carry no quantity floor at all, and reach an offender who drew or carried a weapon, a ringleader, a financial backer or investor, an offender who used a person under eighteen or a person lacking capacity, and an offender with a final prior conviction under this Law for death, life or more than fifteen years. Advisory opinion 7/99/136 applies paragraph (c) to the transport of 80 grams of heroin and to the possession of 200 kilograms of opium, which is why a weight under two kilograms is not a safe limit. At least 503 drug related executions were recorded in 2024 and 471 in 2023, roughly half of all executions and carried out by hanging, which the US Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor reports and Harm Reduction International and Amnesty International corroborate. A second figure of 485 for 2024 also sits in this project’s earlier Iran records, unattributed there, and the two were not reconciled, so both are printed rather than one being chosen. Those figures are set out here because whether the offence reaches this row at all is exactly what was not established. Version read for this cell: the Anti-Narcotics Law of 1367/08/03, which is 25 October 1988, as the publisher’s consolidation carries it, with its 1376, 1380, 1389, 1396 and 1399 amendments, meaning 1997, 2001, 2010, 2017 and 2020, and the fine revision of 1403/03/30, which is 19 June 2024, and the four psychotropic schedules as those schedules stand after the Cabinet decision of 1384/09/13, which is 4 December 2005, both read on 22 September 2026, together with the narcotics-list decree of 1338/05/02, which is July 1959, whose Article 5 carries an amendment of 1352/12/28, meaning 19 March 1974, and the Psychotropics Law of 1354/02/08, which is 28 April 1975. Item 419 of the health invalidation law of 1399/08/05, meaning 26 October 2020, names annexes 1 to 4 of the 1354 Psychotropics Law, and Judiciary advisory opinion 7/1400/434 of 1400/09/09, meaning 30 November 2021, reads that as reaching the 1354 Law’s own original annexes, which later Cabinet decisions had already displaced, so the 1384/09/13 schedules stand. Article 1 of the 1354 Psychotropics Law lets the Ministry revise these four schedules on a recommendation of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, but only with Cabinet approval, publication and a further fifteen days, so a change to the 1971 Psychotropic Substances Convention does not enter Iranian law by itself, and the 1961 and 1971 Convention schedules are not the Iranian list. Provenance of the placement: the schedule and entry number stated for this row was read in the instrument itself and was not taken from the project dossier, because no quoted extract in that dossier carries a schedule marker for any substance, measured across all 88 of its quotation cells on 22 September 2026. Older bands survive inside the same articles and are what Article 45 converts. Article 4 band 4 reads death and confiscation above 5 kilograms, with a note giving life imprisonment, 74 lashes and confiscation for a first offence of 20 kilograms or less that was not distributed or sold. Article 8 band 6 reads death and confiscation above 30 grams, with a note giving life imprisonment for a first offence of no more than 100 grams that was not distributed or sold. Before the 1396 Act, meaning before 2017, the reported capital thresholds were far lower, at more than 30 grams of heroin or cocaine and more than 5 kilograms of opium or cannabis. The Anti-Narcotics Law itself dates from 1988 and the substances it incorporates by definition come from the narcotics list decree of 1959. Article 41 excludes authorised medical, research and industrial activity: «ساخت، تولید، خرید، فروش، ارسال، نگهداری، ورود، صدور، مصرف و حمل مواد ممنوع حسب مورد برای مصارف پزشکی، تحقیقاتی و صنعتی با مجوز وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی از شمول این قانون مستثنی است», so a medicinal use or a trade name does not by itself establish that the Ministry of Health permission exists. Carry any controlled medicine in its original packaging with the prescription, and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Jordan, Law No. 23 of 2016, schedule status not closed for Cannabinol after a substance-specific search whose log is set out in the legal status field of this cell · article 14(a) is the fallback route if the substance is genuinely unscheduled, and articles 19, 20 and 37 are the provisions that would apply if a later Council of Ministers decision has scheduled it · read at https://www.jfda.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/ar/eb_list_page/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_2016_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87.pdf, the Jordan Food and Drug Administration's own consolidation of the Law, with the official schedules at https://www.jfda.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/ar/eb_list_page/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_29-12-2025.pdf and the regulator's legislation index at https://jfda.jo/Ar/List/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86 · Law No. 23 of 2016 was published in Official Gazette No. 5402 on 16 June 2016 and took effect on 15 August 2016, as amended by Law No. 24 of 2021, Gazette No. 5746 of 23 September 2021, in force 23 October 2021 · the amendment horizon is 16 September 2026 and the body of the 16 September 2026 schedules file could not be retrieved, so the last fully searchable official schedule text is the consolidation updated 29 December 2025 · the regulator's copyright page permits viewing and printing for personal and non-commercial use, permits linking, and permits short portions to be republished unchanged with attribution, which is the basis on which the Arabic above is quoted · read as at 17 September 2026 · Updated September 20, 2026

North Macedonia, Листи за класификација на супстанции и растенија, Службен весник на РСМ бр. 104/2021, no substance row accepted · complete list negative search for kanabinol · CBN · terminal check over all 23 gazette pages including the signature page · the lists are made under член 21 став 2 of Закон за контрола на опојни дроги и психотропни супстанции, so the minister of health owns the substance names and the statute does not · penalties at Кривичен законик, Article 215(1) for the ten year ceiling and Article 215(2) for the reduced offence · lists read at https://malmed.gov.mk/wp-content/uploads/Listi_za_klasifikacija-opoji-drogi_i_psihotropni_supstanci-Sl.Vesnik-.br_.104_od_2021.pdf and the consolidated control Act read at https://diz.gov.mk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ZAKON-ZA-KONTROLA-NA-OPOJNI-DROGI-I-PSIHOTROPNI-SUPSTANCII.pdf · the publisher makes these available without granting an unrestricted republication licence, so only what verification requires is reproduced here · read as at 20 September 2026 · carried forward and not sourced in this pass: the three to ten year band at Article 215, the six months to three years band for the lesser-quantity paragraph added in September 2009, the chapter 21 locator, Article 216 for facilitating or enabling use, Article 217 for severe bodily injury or health damage through those offences, the absence of a separate personal-possession offence, and the reported prosecutorial working thresholds of about 2 g of cocaine, 2 g of heroin and 5 g of cannabis are taken from the published 2cb entry for North Macedonia. They were not re-derived from the Кривичен законик or from any statute text in this pass, no web source was consulted, and the thresholds remain reported prosecutorial practice and not statutory. The chapter 21 locator is corroborated by that published entry and is still unverified against the Кривичен законик itself. The dossier read for this pass supports only the ten year ceiling at Article 215(1) and the existence of a reduced offence at Article 215(2) · Updated September 21, 2026

Documentation

The version read for this cell is the four tables annexed to Law 673 of 16 March 1998 on narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, in two State published consolidations read on 22 September 2026: the Ministry of Public Health file Legislation Nationale, Substances placees sous controle, whose name carries the seventh modification of January 2019 and which the Ministry's narcotics page offers in Arabic as the updated version of the tables annexed to narcotics law 673/98, and the Lebanese University Centre for Legal Informatics note on the annexed tables, which carries the decree by decree amendment history. Article 7 is the power that moves these tables: it makes the four annexes a regulatory instrument that may be changed by adding an entry, striking one out or moving an entry from one table to another, by decree issued on the proposal of the Minister of Health, so the lists can move without a new Law. Article 8 requires an entry to be printed under the substance's international common name, or its scientific name where there is no common one, which is why a brand, a plant or a street name is not itself an entry. Article 5 sets the tiers the penalties follow: Table 1 is the plants and substances of high danger with no medical use, Table 2 is the plants and substances of high danger that do have a medical use, Table 3 is the dangerous plants and substances that have a use in medicine, and article 6 puts the precursors in Table 4. This row is the reason the delta-8 row is written the way it is. The annex's generic entry is tetrahydrocannabinol, a class defined by the tetrahydro ring state, so an isomer of that ring state is a candidate and an oxidised relative is not. Cannabis resin is itself a Table 1 entry, so material containing cannabinol as a constituent of resin is reached by the cannabis entry rather than by any cannabinol entry. The two consolidations do not agree and the union of them is the only defensible reading, so this cell names which one printed the entry it relies on. The Ministry file carries entries the University note lacks, among them Ketamine at the end of the Table 2 list of the 1961 Convention Schedule I, Etizolam and Phenazepam at the end of the Table 3 list of the 1971 Convention Schedule IV, Flubromazolam in Table 1, and the mephedrone, methoxetamine, para-methoxymethylamphetamine and 4,4-dimethylaminorex entries in the Table 1 list of the 1971 Convention Schedule I. The University note carries what the Ministry file cannot, because it is six years older: the two decrees of 16 May 2025. The two also disagree on a heading. The Ministry file heads the first block of Table 1 as Schedule I of the 1961 Convention while the University note heads the same block as Schedule IV, and the six opening entries, acetorphine, cannabis and cannabis resin, cetobemidone, desomorphine, etorphine and heroin, are the 1961 Schedule IV set. That mismatch sits inside the State's own texts and is recorded here rather than resolved. Every entry quoted in this cell is quoted from the Latin and French column that the annex itself prints beside the Arabic. The Arabic column of the Ministry file does not extract to reliable text for the older pages, where the embedded font maps to the wrong code points, so no Arabic is quoted from it here and no Arabic was retyped from a rendered page. The serial numbers in that file are unsafe for the same reason, because the Arabic-Indic digits come out transposed, which is why this cell locates an entry by the names printed on either side of it rather than by its number. The placement stated here is not printed in the dossier this lane was given. That dossier's quotation column carries a synthesised search record on 52 of its 88 rows, a sentence of the shape an exact local-language term, Latin name, common synonym, salts and isomers wording and post-enactment amendment route searched for this slug, which is printed in no instrument; on its remaining 36 rows it carries a bare Arabic substance name with no table, no schedule and no article. No row of it names a table: 0 of 88 quotations carry a table or schedule number, and its instrument column says Tables 1-5 on all 88 rows. Its URL column is the publisher's home page with a text fragment appended. Its paragraph 4 states that no single consolidated annex current to 20 September 2026 was located, and the Ministry of Public Health publishes exactly such a consolidation on the narcotics page the dossier itself cites. Its paragraph 3 states that no death sentence was established in Law 673, which is right about the drug offences and wrong as written, because article 140 does carry the death penalty for killing an official enforcing the Law. Every placement in this batch was therefore read in the annex rather than taken from that column. Law 673 has been amended by Law 193 of 24 May 2000, which rewrote articles 15, 17, 29, 34, 44, 57 and 88, by Law 272 of 5 January 2001, which added a paragraph exempting licensed industrial establishments holding an industrial certificate from the Ministry of Industry in respect of Table 4 substances, and by Law 318 of 2001, which repealed article 132. What could not be established for this cell is the text of the two decrees of 16 May 2025 themselves. The University note records them and gives no Official Gazette citation for them, and three routes were tried on 22 September 2026: a search of the Official Gazette index for issue 23 of May 2025, which lists decrees 223, 331, 333 and 334 and not 342 or 343; a query by number and year against the Lebanese University legislation search, which answered HTTP 500 on both numbers; and open search in Arabic and English on the decree numbers and on the substance names, which returned no primary text. The consolidation is also silent on the stronger point, that no decree later than 16 May 2025 has moved these tables.

Documentation

The instrument read for this cell is the Ley Reguladora de las Actividades Relativas a las Drogas, Decreto Legislativo 153 of 2 October 2003, published in Diario Oficial 208, Tomo 361, of 7 November 2003, in the consolidated text published by the Asamblea Legislativa. That text carries its own reform schedule: five reforms, the last of them Decreto Legislativo 78 of 25 July 2018 in Diario Oficial 156, Tomo 420, of 24 August 2018, so the consolidation read here is current to that reform. The same reform schedule was confirmed against a second publisher, the transparency portal of the Fiscalia General de la Republica, which prints the identical list of five. The text also carries four rulings of the Sala de lo Constitucional, three of which strike the fine in Articles 31, 33 and 34 and the fourth of which struck the rule in Article 52 that equated preparatory acts with completed offences before that article was reformed in 2018. The substance list read for this cell is the Listado de sustancias estupefacientes, psicotropicos, precursores y agregados 2026, approved by Acuerdo SI.2026.03.20-01 of the Superintendencia de Regulacion Sanitaria. That document states its own currency in its Disposiciones generales: it was approved by that acuerdo and is «vigente hasta el 31 de marzo de 2027, o hasta que se emita un nuevo listado por parte de la Superintendencia de Regulacion Sanitaria». It was read as at 21 September 2026, and the 2025 edition of the same list was fetched first and set aside once the 2026 edition was found on the regulator's own page. The list is the one Article 13 of the Ley requires, «una lista de drogas y de todas las preparaciones y especialidades farmaceuticas que las contengan de acuerdo a las categorias establecidas en la presente Ley», which Article 13 also requires to be sent to the Corte Suprema de Justicia, the Fiscalia General de la Republica and the Policia Nacional Civil so that judges and prosecutors know it. Article 13 names the Consejo Superior de Salud Publica as the body that makes it; the 2013 Reglamento names the Direccion Nacional de Medicamentos as the governing authority, and the Ley de la Superintendencia de Regulacion Sanitaria dissolved that Direccion and moved its functions to the Superintendencia with effect from August 2024. That succession is stated from the Reglamento and from reporting of the Superintendencia law, whose own gazette text was not read for this cell. Article 2 defines droga in its own words: «Art. 2.- Para los efectos de esta Ley se consideran drogas las sustancias especificadas como tales en los Convenios Internacionales ratificados por El Salvador, las que se mencionan en el Código de Salud y demás leyes del país; y en general, las que indistintamente de su grado de pureza, actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central y tienen la capacidad de producir transformaciones, bien sea aumentando o disminuyendo su funcionamiento o modificando los estados de conciencia y que su uso indebido puede causar dependencia o sujeción física y psicológica.» Article 3 then prohibits activity relating to five named categories and, in letter f, «f) Cualquier otra sustancia que sea considerada droga tan nociva que amerite ser prohibida por el Consejo Superior de Salud Pública o por los convenios internacionales ratificados por el país.» The names searched across the list, in Spanish and in English, were cannabinol, canabinol, CBN. No entry was returned for any of them, and none of them produced an occurrence of any kind in the list. Three routes were tried for the instrument and all three returned a document: the Asamblea Legislativa decree file, which returned the consolidated text; the transparency portal of the Fiscalia General de la Republica, which returned the same consolidation; and the regulator's own listado page, which returned the 2026 list. Two routes returned nothing usable: the Asamblea decree index and law search paths both returned a not found page, and a fetch of the Asamblea search page failed on certificate verification. Carry any controlled medicine in its dispensing packaging with the prescription, and confirm the position with the Salvadoran embassy or consulate before you travel.

Documentation

The instrument read for this cell is the consolidated text of the Ley sobre el Uso Indebido y Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas y Sustancias Psicotrópicas, Decreto 126/89, published by the Tribunal Superior de Cuentas, which carries its own footnote to La Gaceta 25992 of 23 November 1989 and to the Decreto 86-93 reform in La Gaceta 27162 of 1 October 1993, together with the Código Penal, Decreto 130-2017, as printed in La Gaceta 34,940 of 10 May 2019. Articles 16 to 30 and 41 of Decreto 126/89 were repealed by Article 632 of that Code, so the 1989 law now supplies definitions and administrative prohibitions and the Code supplies every offence. The live cell dated the Code to 10 November 2019, which is the date Article 635 as enacted would have produced from a publication of 10 May 2019; commencement was postponed twice and the Code took effect on 25 June 2020. That last date is carried from the reported amendment of Article 635 published in La Gaceta 35,247 of 9 May 2020, which was not read at the gazette for this cell. The schedules Article 321 adopts were read in the International Narcotics Control Board Yellow List, 65th edition of July 2026, the Green List, 36th edition of 2025, and the Red List, 23rd edition of July 2025, on 21 September 2026. The names searched across the three lists and across the Honduran text were cannabinol, CBN and 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentylbenzo[c]chromen-1-ol. None of them returned an entry. The bare name did return occurrences, every one of them a substring of a longer listed name: tetrahydrocannabinol and hexahydrocannabinol in the Green List, and «el THC (Tetrahidrocannabinol)» in Article 5 of Decreto 126/89. The chemical name searched returned nothing at all. Article 11 of Decreto 126/89 survives and still reads «Se prohíbe a toda persona mantener en su poder ya sea en sus ropas o valijas, en su domicilio, lugar de trabajo, automóvil o cualquier otro lugar bajo su orden y responsabilidad, sin autorización legal, cantidad alguna de estupefacientes y sustancias controladas», and Article 6 still routes the definitions through the conventions and the Reglamento de Control de Estupefacientes y otras Drogas Peligrosas, but the article that carried the penalty for breaching them is repealed, so that prohibition now stands without a sanction of its own. Carry any controlled medicine in its dispensing packaging with the prescription, and confirm the position with the Honduran consulate before you travel.

Documentation

Searches for cannabinol and cbn found the word only inside tetrahydrocannabinol. The Schedule I tetrahydrocannabinol isomers are all tetrahydro or hexahydro compounds with a 3-pentyl chain, and cannabinol, which is aromatic, is none of them, a chemical fact brought from outside the text. CBN that is not an extract is not listed and is reached, if at all, by section 15(2). Section 15(3)(iii) and 16(2)(c) give cannabis its own weight line of 100 kilogram, and whether an extract is weighed on that line or on the 200 gram line is not settled by the text, as the CBD cell also says. Section 14(2) lets the Minister amend the First and Second Schedules «by notice published in the Gazette». The Revised Edition 2023 does not carry GN No. 189 of 2024, published 22 March 2024: its First Schedule subheadings still read «as at 18th May 2016» and «as at 13 November 2016», which that notice replaced with «as of the year 2022». This does not rule out a later notice than GN No. 189 of 2024; the TanzLII index of notices under the Act answered 403 and could not be listed. Zanzibar runs its own regime under Act No. 8 of 2021, and this cell does not apply it to a CBN extract row by row. As read by OCR, that Act's First Schedule reproduces the INCB Yellow List of narcotic drugs and the Red List of precursors, and no list of psychotropic substances was found in it; its section 2 defines a «narcotic and psychotropic substance» by effect, as «a substance, which interact with central nervous system that affect and alter mental process»; section 20(2) treats «Any drugs or substances approved by the Government Analyst to have directly or indirectly connection with narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances which are not found under the First Schedule» as prohibited; section 21(1)(d) reaches unlisted substances with drug related effects only «in large quantity»; and section 23 sets a fine or imprisonment for a term of one year or both for small quantity personal possession.

Dominica, the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Act 20 of 1988 as amended by Act 15 of 1989 and Act 15 of 1990, revised edition Chapter 40:07, sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 27, 29 and 32 and the Third and Fourth Schedules · read from the 64 page scanned chapter held in this repository at research/instruments/dominica/dm-drugs-prevention-of-misuse-1988.pdf, sha256 30ca6c954678725f8bd4ea81de7b081e5b3ef5ef9015d05e357de1992c62ab30, with its text layer at dm-drugs-prevention-of-misuse-1988.txt, sha256 d47a9b795cabe1a1250ebd6ec3e13e4ccb6367708b69fded78a8eb22b7ab1465. The entry relied on for this row is «Cannabinol, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin» in Part I, read on printed page 30 or 31 as a page image rendered from the scan, because the text layer of this scan silently drops the «Part II» and «Part III» headings and one numbered paragraph in each of those Parts · the complete Class A, Class B and Class C lists were read that way and not by searching the text. The Third Schedule pages carry the footer «L.R.O. 1/1991» and the Fourth Schedule figures quoted here were read off the page images of printed pages 34 and 35. This citation is document level and not per substance: the compilation's links column for this row holds the constructed text «cannabinol national source» rather than an address, and no per row source exists. The compilation recorded «CANNABINOL» as the printed entry for this row. The Act does carry that word, but not in that form and not on its own: it is a recased fragment of a longer printed entry, and the entry quoted above is what the page actually prints. The rest of that record's quotation column is largely in another language and nothing else from it was carried across. The Part and Class placement stated for this row is not printed in the quotation column of the compilation read alongside the Act: measured across that compilation, not one of its 88 rows carries a Part, a Class or a Schedule marker of any kind, and its instrument column says only that there is a controlled-drug schedule without naming which of the four Schedules that is. Every division named in this cell is therefore taken from the printed Third Schedule pages of the Act itself. Second instrument relied on: Dominica, the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) (Amendment) Act 2020, Act No. 16 of 2020, assented to and gazetted 30 October 2020 and passed in the House of Assembly on 26 October 2020, a four page Act read in full from the Government of Dominica laws site at https://dominica.gov.dm/laws/2020/Drug%20Prevention%20(Amendment)%20Act%202020.pdf, sha256 c5f6a5b47cee1ffce3f88993d72163a1f0ba6a1f3cf68c31f8bfed89e1c5af01. It amends section 7(4), inserts sections 7A and 7B, amends section 8 and makes no amendment to the Third Schedule. Read as at 22 September 2026. · Updated September 21, 2026

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