Drug index / Empathogen / MDMA

Empathogen

MDMA

1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine

This information is being prepared and will be published after medical review.

Detailed, medically-reviewed information for MDMA is being prepared.

Overview

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly called ecstasy or molly, is a synthetic drug that acts as both a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen, producing feelings of increased energy and emotional warmth. Material sold as "molly" is frequently not pure MDMA and may contain other substances.

Source: U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), nida.nih.gov — MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly); PubChem, U.S. National Library of Medicine CID 1615.

Chemistry & mechanism of action

MDMA increases the activity of three brain chemicals — serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The large release of serotonin is thought to underlie the elevated mood and emotional closeness people report, and also contributes to the after-effects as serotonin is depleted. Its molecular formula is C11H15NO2.

Source: U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), nida.nih.gov; PubChem, U.S. National Library of Medicine CID 1615.

Effects

Public health sources describe increased energy, distorted sensory and time perception, emotional warmth, and heightened sociability, alongside adverse effects such as nausea, muscle cramping, involuntary teeth clenching, chills, and sweating. In the days afterward some people experience low mood, irritability, and difficulty concentrating.

Source: U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), nida.nih.gov

Onset & duration

NIDA describes MDMA's effects as lasting roughly 3 to 6 hours. Some people take a second dose as the first fades, which increases the risks.

Source: U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), nida.nih.gov

Detection window

Detection windows depend on the test, the dose, and individual factors, so no single figure applies. General toxicology references discuss urine detection of amphetamine-type substances over a period of days; specifics should be confirmed against a laboratory source.

Source: MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine

Risks & harms

A major risk is a dangerous rise in body temperature (hyperthermia), which can lead to failure of the heart, kidneys, or liver. Drinking excessive plain water to counter overheating can cause its own dangerous condition (hyponatremia) by diluting blood sodium — so volume is not protective. Combining MDMA with other stimulants, or with serotonergic drugs and MAOIs, raises the risk of serotonin toxicity.

Source: U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), nida.nih.gov; MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Subjective effects

euphoria, emotional warmth, closeness/empathy, reduced inhibition, energy, heightened touch, sensual arousal, time/perception distortion

Short-term effects

confusion, anxiety, depression, paranoia, sleep problems, teeth clenching, nausea, sweating, chills, blurred vision, severe dehydration, craving

Long-term effects

possible long-term/permanent memory & learning problems; worse cognitive performance in chronic users; depression/anxiety days–weeks later

History

first synthesized by Merck 1912 (as "Methylsafrylamin"), as a precursor to a hemostatic drug; later used by some psychiatrists pre-prohibition

Legal status (US)

MDMA is a Schedule I controlled substance under U.S. federal law, classified as having no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse; manufacture, distribution, and possession are illegal.

Source: U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration drug fact sheets, dea.gov controlled-substance schedules.

International

Japan

Legal status: Prohibited
Consequences if caught: Possession, use, or import → arrest and prosecution.
If prescribed / medical: No medical/prescription import permitted.
Documentation: None — import is not permitted in any form.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Singapore

Legal status: Controlled drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act
Consequences if caught: Trafficking: 5–20 years' imprisonment + 5–15 strokes of the cane (no capital threshold listed). Possession: up to 10 years or S$20,000 or both. Consumption: 1–10 years + up to S$20,000. Drug offences can also carry caning; on entry, unannounced drug tests and property searches may apply, and residents can be prosecuted even for use outside Singapore (U.S. State Dept).
If prescribed / medical: If bringing a prescribed medication, you may need prior approval from the Health Sciences Authority (HSA); carry it in original packaging with your doctor's prescription. Illicit possession remains a drug offence regardless.
Documentation: Original packaging + doctor's prescription; check Singapore's HSA / apply for approval for personal medication.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

United Arab Emirates

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with UAE MOHAP / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named by a reachable UAE source. Zero-tolerance regime under Federal Decree-Law No. 30 of 2021: possessing, importing, or transporting narcotics/psychotropics outside regulated medical use is criminalised, and 'I didn't know' is not a defense. First-time possession starts at 3 months' imprisonment plus a AED 20,000 fine, and can carry detention, deportation, and a travel ban.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed — verify with MOHAP / your embassy before travel.
Documentation: MOHAP import permit (apply ~2 weeks before travel) + the prescription + an attested medical report + original packaging; declare at customs. Without a permit but with a prescription and medical report you must still declare at customs — officers may allow entry or confiscate the medicine and detain you.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

China

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Chinese embassy
Consequences if caught: Zero-tolerance regime: under Criminal Law Article 347, smuggling, selling, transporting, or manufacturing drugs is punished regardless of quantity. Importing narcotics/psychotropics requires an Import/Export License from the State Council's drug regulatory department. This specific substance was not named by a reachable source.
If prescribed / medical: Not confirmed — verify with the Chinese embassy before travel.
Documentation: Written documentation from a medical institution proving the medicine is necessary; customs verifies the amount against the original prescription and retains a copy (one prescription = one inspection). Psychotropic-drug allowances can be as short as a 3–7 day supply.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Russia

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Russian embassy / Federal Customs Service
Consequences if caught: Under Decree 681 (30 June 1998): Schedule I substances are fully banned (not available even in Russian pharmacies); Schedules II and III have limited circulation and are allowed only with a Russian prescription. This specific substance's schedule was not confirmed by a reachable source. Possession without intent to supply is criminalised, and 'large'/'extra-large' thresholds are set low — measured by the total weight of the mixture, not the pure substance. For example, more than 0.5 g of heroin, opium, or desomorphine without intent to supply can bring up to 3 years' incarceration.
If prescribed / medical: Allowed only with a Russian prescription if in Schedule II/III; fully banned if Schedule I. Verify with the Russian embassy before travel.
Documentation: Carry the original prescription/medical report stating your condition, why the drug is needed, the drug name, the quantity, and that it is for personal use, plus a sworn Russian translation. You cannot carry medication for another person. On arrival use the red corridor and declare it in box 3.6 of the Passenger Customs Declaration; failing to declare can bring administrative or criminal liability.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Thailand

Legal status: Prohibited — Narcotics Category 1, no accepted medical use (Narcotics Code B.E. 2564 / Narcotics Act B.E. 2522)
Consequences if caught: A Category 1 narcotic with no accepted medical use — it cannot be imported under any circumstances. Trafficking penalties are severe, up to life imprisonment plus large fines; possession and use are criminal offences.
If prescribed / medical: No import is permitted in any form, even with a foreign prescription — Category 1 has no medical-use pathway.
Documentation: None — Category 1 substances cannot be imported.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Indonesia

Legal status: Prohibited — Group I narcotic, no therapeutic use (Law No. 35 of 2009)
Consequences if caught: Group I narcotics have no therapeutic use and are fully prohibited. Producing, importing, transferring, or selling more than 1 kg of cannabis or 5 g of methamphetamine/heroin can carry the death penalty (Art. 113). Possession of even small amounts of a Group I substance is punishable by 4–12 years' imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: No medical/prescription pathway — Group I has no therapeutic use; a foreign prescription is not a defence.
Documentation: None — Group I substances cannot be imported.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Saudi Arabia

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with the SFDA / your embassy
Consequences if caught: Saudi Arabia prohibits all recreational drugs. Trafficking, smuggling, or importing for promotion carries the death penalty (Art. 37, Royal Decree M/39 of 1426H/2005); a court may reduce the sentence to no less than 15 years' imprisonment plus 50 lashes and a fine of no less than 100,000 SAR. Personal-use possession carries 6 months to 2 years' imprisonment (Art. 41), plus possible flogging, fines, and — for foreigners — deportation. Foreign embassies have no standing in Saudi courts. This specific substance is not individually named in the primary source retrieved; its scheduling under the Anti-Narcotics Law was not confirmed — verify with the SFDA / your embassy.
If prescribed / medical: Controlled prescription medicines (opioids, benzodiazepines, some stimulants) require an SFDA clearance permit obtained before travel. Verify this substance's status with the SFDA / your embassy.
Documentation: An SFDA electronic clearance permit obtained before travel via the Controlled Drugs System; prescription + medical report + ID, translated into Arabic and less than 6 months old; import limited to a one-month supply or the duration of stay; declare at customs (inspections are thorough).

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Malaysia

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Malaysia's MOH Pharmacy Services / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named by a reachable Malaysian source. Malaysia's Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 carries severe penalties — trafficking can carry the death penalty (s.39B), and possession and personal use are criminal offences.
If prescribed / medical: Doctor-prescribed medicinal preparations may be exempt under s.25 if declared to customs on arrival; verify this substance's status with Malaysian authorities / your embassy.
Documentation: Under s.25, a reasonable personal quantity of a medicinal preparation prescribed by a doctor outside Malaysia is exempt only if declared to a customs officer on arrival; carry the prescription and original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

South Korea

Legal status: Controlled — substance under the Narcotics Control Act
Consequences if caught: MDMA is listed among South Korea's controlled substances. Possession or use of narcotics/psychotropics (e.g. methamphetamine/'philopon', cocaine, heroin) carries a minimum of 1 year's imprisonment; import, export, manufacture, or trafficking carries 5 years to life. Distinctively, South Korea prosecutes its own citizens for drug use committed abroad even where it was legal there (hair-follicle testing on return, up to 5 years); foreign nationals face deportation and a re-entry ban.
If prescribed / medical: Not a traveller medicine; controlled-substance medicines require MFDS advance approval before travel (see below).
Documentation: MFDS advance approval is required for controlled-substance medicines (including CBD/THC oil, amphetamines, opiates, and benzodiazepines) — apply online before travel (email narcotics@korea.kr). Non-controlled medicines are allowed up to 6 bottles / a 3-month supply with a prescription and a doctor's letter.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

United Kingdom

Legal status: Class A controlled drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
Consequences if caught: As a Class A drug, possession carries up to 7 years' imprisonment plus an unlimited fine, and supply or production carries up to life imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: A statutory medical defence applies to medicines lawfully prescribed and dispensed; personal import of a prescribed controlled drug (up to a 3-month supply) is permitted with documentation.
Documentation: Personal import of prescribed controlled drugs is allowed: up to a 3-month supply may be carried without a Home Office licence if the drug was lawfully prescribed and dispensed in your country of residence. Carry the original prescription, declare the medicine, and keep quantities matched to personal need.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Canada

Legal status: Schedule III substance under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA)
Consequences if caught: A Schedule III controlled substance; possession without authorisation can carry up to 10 years' imprisonment. Importing/exporting without federal authorisation is prohibited (s.6 CDSA). Declare any controlled drug at the port of entry.
If prescribed / medical: Lawful only with valid authorisation (a prescription). A traveller may carry a prescribed controlled drug under the s.56 exemption — see documentation.
Documentation: Section 56 traveller exemption: you may carry a prescribed narcotic/controlled drug for personal use if the quantity is no more than the lesser of a single course of treatment or a 30-day supply, and you declare it to customs on arrival; it cannot be mailed or couriered. Stays longer than 30 days require a Canadian prescription. Carry the prescription plus original pharmacy packaging/label, and declare at the border.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Australia

Legal status: Prohibited (illicit drug) — importation is a criminal offence
Consequences if caught: An illicit drug under Australian law; importation can lead to seizure, fines, and imprisonment. It is not covered by the traveller's medicine exemption and cannot be brought in without (at minimum) an Office of Drug Control import permit.
If prescribed / medical: Not a traveller medicine; prohibited substances are not covered by the traveller's exemption.
Documentation: Traveller's exemption: carry up to a 3-month supply of a medicine (including a Schedule 8 controlled substance) for personal use or for immediate family travelling with you, provided the medicine is legal in the country of departure. Carry a valid PAPER prescription or doctor's letter showing your name and dosage (an eScript is not accepted), keep medicines in original packaging, and declare them to the Australian Border Force. Prohibited substances are NOT covered.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Germany

Legal status: Annex I narcotic (ecstasy) under the Narcotic Drugs Act (BtMG) — non-tradable and non-prescribable
Consequences if caught: Listed in Annex I of the BtMG (non-tradable, non-prescribable). Unlawful narcotics acts — cultivation, import, supply or possession — carry up to 5 years' imprisonment or a fine (§29 BtMG); non-small ('nicht geringe') quantities carry a minimum of 1 year (§29a). Possession for personal use is punishable, though prosecution may be waived for a 'small quantity' for personal use (§31a), with thresholds varying by Land.
If prescribed / medical: Annex I substances are non-prescribable; there is no traveller-medicine pathway.
Documentation: EU/Schengen travel: carry prescribed narcotics for up to 30 days with an Article 75 Schengen certificate — completed by your doctor and authenticated by the competent Land health authority (one certificate per drug). From outside Schengen: carry a multilingual doctor's certificate authenticated by your home-country health authority. Ordinary (non-narcotic) medicines: up to a 3-month personal supply.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

France

Legal status: Classified as a stupéfiant (narcotic) under the Public Health Code (Law of 31 Dec 1970)
Consequences if caught: MDMA/ecstasy is listed among France's stupéfiants. Personal use/possession is punishable by up to 1 year's imprisonment and a €3,750 fine (Art L3421-14); since 2019 a first-time minor possession is often dealt with by a €200 fixed fine (amende forfaitaire). Supply/trafficking carries up to 10 years and a €7.5 million fine, rising to 30 years for aggravated/organised offences. Import/export carries up to 10 years and €7.5 million.
If prescribed / medical: Not a traveller medicine in recreational form. Prescribed narcotics/psychotropics may be carried with the proper certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: EU/Schengen travel: carry prescribed narcotics/psychotropics with a Schengen certificate. From outside Schengen: carry the original prescription plus an ANSM personal-transport certificate (Attestation de transport personnel de médicaments stupéfiants) where the destination requires it; up to a 3-month personal supply (or the treatment duration). Keep medicines in hand luggage.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Netherlands

Legal status: List I 'hard drug' under the Opium Act (Opiumwet) — prohibited (tolerated ≠ legal)
Consequences if caught: In the Netherlands, drug USE itself is not punishable, but possession, production and trade ARE prohibited; the 'tolerance policy' (gedoogbeleid) makes small quantities a low enforcement priority without making them legal. As a List I hard drug, possession and trade are prosecuted as criminal offences.
If prescribed / medical: Opium Act medicines (e.g. strong painkillers, ADHD medicines on List I) may be carried for personal medical use only with the proper certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: For Schengen travel, carry a Schengen certificate issued via the CAK (valid 30 days, covering up to 4 Schengen countries); for non-Schengen travel, carry an English-language medical certificate (legalised, valid 1 year). Keep medicines in original packaging in your hand luggage.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Spain

Legal status: Controlled drug — private personal use decriminalised; public possession an administrative offence; trafficking a crime
Consequences if caught: In Spain, personal use or possession in a PRIVATE space is not a criminal offence (decriminalised), and personal cultivation/consumption on private property is permitted. Public consumption or possession in public places, roads or transport is an administrative infraction (not a crime) under Art 36 of the 'Gag Law' — a fine of €601 to €30,000 plus confiscation, with no criminal record (the fine may be suspended if the person enters a treatment programme). Trafficking is a crime under Criminal Code Arts 368–378: 1–3 years for substances not causing serious harm (e.g. cannabis) and 3–6 years for those that do (e.g. heroin, cocaine); aggravated cases (large quantities, organised crime, minors) carry 6–9 years, up to around 20 years for the most serious. MDMA/ecstasy is among the named controlled substances.
If prescribed / medical: Prescribed narcotics/psychotropics may be carried with a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry the prescription and, for controlled medicines, a Schengen certificate; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Italy

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Italy's Ministry of Health / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Italy, drug USE itself is not an offence; personal possession is an administrative matter under Art 75 of DPR 309/1990 — suspension of driving licence, passport, ID or firearms permit for 1–12 months (1–3 months for less-dangerous Schedule II/IV substances, 2–12 months for more-dangerous Schedule I/III), with no criminal record; a first offence is often just a formal warning from the Prefect. This specific substance was not named by the reachable Italian sources (DPR 309/1990 / Ministry of Health) — its Schedule and Art 73 penalty band are not confirmed; verify before travel. Trafficking under Art 73 is a crime: 'heavy' drugs (e.g. cocaine, heroin) 6–20 years plus a €26,000–260,000 fine, 'light' drugs (e.g. cannabis) 2–6 years plus a fine. The line between personal use and dealing is not fixed by grams but assessed case-by-case (quantity, THC content, packaging, scales, cash).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, prescribed narcotics for personal patient travel require a Schengen Article 75 certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: For personal patient travel within Schengen, carry a Schengen Article 75 certificate for medical cannabis or narcotics, plus the prescription; keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Mexico

Legal status: Controlled substance — personal-use threshold under Art 479 (Ley General de Salud)
Consequences if caught: In Mexico, possession at or below the personal-use threshold (Art 479, Ley General de Salud) results in no criminal action — the person is released (with a record) and, on a third report, diverted to treatment. The personal-use threshold is 40 mg of MDMA in crystal form (or ≤200 mg in tablet form). Possession above the threshold is treated as trafficking-related: simple possession carries up to 7.5 years plus a fine (Art 195 bis, Federal Penal Code), and sale/distribution carries harsher penalties. Possession within 300 m of schools, police or correctional facilities is excluded from leniency.
If prescribed / medical: Carry a doctor's letter/prescription; check COFEPRIS for controlled medicines.
Documentation: Carry a doctor's letter/prescription; check COFEPRIS guidance for controlled substances. Note some OTC medicines legal abroad are prohibited in Mexico (e.g. codeine, pseudoephedrine — Actifed/Sudafed/Vicks inhalers). Keep medicines in original packaging.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Brazil

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Brazil's ANVISA / your embassy
Consequences if caught: In Brazil, personal use (Art 28 of Law 11.343/2006) is NOT punishable by prison — penalties are limited to a warning, community service, or educational measures. The statute fixes no quantity thresholds; a judge assesses the amount, nature and circumstances. This specific substance was not named by the reachable Brazilian sources (Law 11.343/2006 / ANVISA Portaria 344/1998) — verify before travel. Note: the 2024 STF ruling (RE 635659) on the 40 g / 6-plant personal-use limit applies to CANNABIS ONLY; for other narcotics, personal use remains a crime under Art 28 (still no prison). Trafficking (Art 33) carries 5–15 years' imprisonment plus a fine; interstate or transnational trafficking is increased by one-third to two-thirds, and combined trafficking/organisation charges can reach around 33 years. Sale of any narcotic remains illegal.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the ANVISA prescription notification (notificação de receita); import requires ANVISA authorisation.
Documentation: Carry the prescription; for controlled medicines carry the ANVISA prescription notification (notificação de receita); keep medicines in original packaging. Importing controlled medicines requires ANVISA authorisation.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

India

Legal status: Controlled narcotic/psychotropic under the NDPS Act 1985 — illegal; quantity-graded penalties
Consequences if caught: Penalties are graded by quantity (NDPS Secs 15–22): a SMALL quantity carries rigorous imprisonment up to 1 year and/or a fine up to ₹10,000; an INTERMEDIATE quantity (more than small, less than commercial) up to 10 years plus a fine up to ₹1 lakh; a COMMERCIAL quantity 10–20 years plus a fine of ₹1–2 lakh. All NDPS offences are cognizable and non-bailable, and commercial-quantity bail is near-impossible (Sec 37). MDMA is a named NDPS substance; the cited 2001 notification did not state its specific small/commercial figures — verify the exact thresholds with the CBN/NCB. Possession of a small quantity proven to be for personal consumption (Sec 27) carries up to 6 months (up to 1 year for some substances) plus a fine; Sec 64A grants immunity to addicts who volunteer for treatment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Essential Narcotic Drugs (morphine, fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone, codeine, hydrocodone) are medically regulated; a traveller should carry the prescription with original packaging, bring only a reasonable personal quantity, and declare at customs. Tramadol was added to the NDPS schedule in 2018 (commercial quantity 250 g) and is controlled.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Turkey

Legal status: Controlled narcotic under the Penal Code (Arts 188/191) — illegal; possession and trafficking both prosecuted
Consequences if caught: Personal use, possession or purchase (Art 191) carries 2–5 years' imprisonment, but first offenders are placed under judicial probation (denetimli serbestlik) — supervised treatment and testing — and the case may close without a conviction on completion. This applies equally to cannabis and other plant-based drugs. Trafficking — production, import, export, sale, supply or transport (Art 188) — carries 10–20 years, rising above 30 in aggravated cases, with no statutory soft/hard distinction and no leniency for foreigners. The personal-use vs trafficking line is set by Court of Cassation case law (not a fixed gram amount): packaging, scales, cash and quantity are all weighed. Ecstasy/MDMA is recognised as a controlled narcotic in Turkish enforcement and case law.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form; controlled medicines require original packaging plus a doctor's letter and a TİTCK check (see documentation).
Documentation: Controlled medicines (opioids — tramadol/codeine/oxycodone/morphine; ADHD stimulants such as Ritalin/Adderall; some sedatives) are high-risk: carry original packaging plus a doctor's letter, check the TİTCK classification, and bring only the minimum quantity needed. Undocumented controlled medicines create criminal exposure. Cannabis seeds are prohibited to import.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Egypt

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Egypt's authorities (Anti-Narcotics Law No. 182/1960) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: EGYPT IS A DEATH-PENALTY COUNTRY for drug trafficking. This specific substance was not named in the reachable Egyptian statute (Anti-Narcotics Law No. 182/1960, Arts 33–38, as amended) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Note: synthetic cannabinoids (e.g. 'Voodoo' 2014; 'Strox'/AB-FUBINACA by Act 440/2018) have been added to Schedule 1 by amendment. Art 33: DEATH PENALTY plus a fine of 100,000–500,000 LE for unlicensed import/export, manufacture with intent to traffic, or cultivating/trading Schedule 5 plants (including cannabis). Art 34: death OR life hard labour plus a fine for possession/purchase/sale with intent to traffic. Art 38(1): possession/acquisition WITHOUT trafficking or personal-use intent = 3–10 years hard labour plus a fine of 50,000–200,000 LE. The law applies equally to foreigners, with no minimum-quantity threshold — mere presence of the substance triggers prosecution.
If prescribed / medical: Schedule 1 and Schedule 3(a,b,d) medicines (e.g. amphetamine/Adderall, methylphenidate/Ritalin, methadone) cannot be imported even with a foreign prescription; verify any controlled medicine before travel (see documentation).
Documentation: Schedule 1 and Schedule 3(a,b,d) medicines CANNOT be imported even with a foreign prescription — explicitly banned: amphetamine/dexamphetamine (Adderall), methylphenidate (Ritalin/Concerta) and methadone; tramadol is banned for recreational use and tightly controlled. Codeine, diazepam and some sleep aids may be carried WITH a doctor's letter, original packaging, a 2–3 month maximum supply, and a customs declaration. (Reference: a 2017 traveller received a 3-year sentence for carrying 290 tramadol tablets.)

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Greece

Legal status: Controlled narcotic under Law 4139/2013 — illegal; personal use a misdemeanour, trafficking a serious crime
Consequences if caught: Personal use or possession of a small quantity (judge-assessed — there has been no fixed gram threshold since 2013) is a misdemeanour carrying up to 5 months' imprisonment; there is no criminal record if not repeated within 5 years, and the sentence is suspended if the person is referred to treatment. Trafficking (Arts 20/22) carries 8–20 years plus a fine up to €300,000; aggravated cases (near schools/prisons, public officials, criminal organisation) a minimum of 10 years plus €50,000–500,000; causing serious harm or death 10 years to life plus €50,000–600,000; professional trafficking over €75,000 profit life plus up to €1M. An addict/group-sharing tier carries up to 3 years. Penalties do not vary by substance for personal use. MDMA is a named controlled substance.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form; controlled medicines require a Schengen certificate plus documentation (see documentation).
Documentation: For Schengen travel carry a Schengen certificate for controlled medicines, plus the original container, the prescription label and a doctor's letter (the name must match your passport). Methadone/buprenorphine travellers should arrange this through OKANA (Athens/Thessaloniki) with an application and a medical certificate at least 1 month ahead (English/German/French accepted).

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Portugal

Legal status: Decriminalized (administrative offence) up to a 10-day supply — NOT legalized; the substance remains illegal and is confiscated
Consequences if caught: CRITICAL: decriminalized is NOT legalized. Personal use, acquisition or possession up to a 10-DAY SUPPLY is an ADMINISTRATIVE offence (not criminal, no criminal record), but the substance remains illegal and IS confiscated; the case is referred to the Commission for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction (CDT), which may issue a warning, a suspension (first-time non-dependent users), a €25–150 fine, or a treatment referral. The 10-day personal threshold (Portaria 94/96) is 1 g for MDMA. Above the 10-day threshold, or with trafficking indicators, the case is criminal under Decree-Law 15/93 (Art 21): trafficking up to 12 years, with lesser tiers of 1–5 years. New psychoactive substances (NPS) are controlled separately under Decree-Law 54/2013 (administrative fines up to €45,000).
If prescribed / medical: Carrying a prescribed medicine within the 10-day personal threshold with a valid prescription is lawful; for controlled medicines carry a Schengen certificate (see documentation).
Documentation: For Schengen travel carry a Schengen certificate for controlled medicines plus the original packaging and prescription. Carrying a prescribed medicine within the 10-day personal threshold with a valid prescription is lawful.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Vietnam

Legal status: Schedule I narcotic under Vietnam's Penal Code / Law 73/2021 — prohibited; DEATH PENALTY for trafficking
Consequences if caught: VIETNAM RETAINS THE DEATH PENALTY for drug trafficking, manufacture and transport (Arts 248/250/251): it applies at ≥100 g of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamine or MDMA; ≥5 kg of cannabis resin/coca glue; ≥75 kg of cannabis leaves/roots/flowers/seeds; ≥600 g of dried opium-poppy fruit; or ≥300 g of other solid narcotics. MDMA is Schedule I; the death-penalty threshold for trafficking is ≥100 g. Possession (Art 249) carries 2 years to life by weight. Use is an administrative matter (2021 Law + Decree 144/2021): a fine of VND 1–2 million plus deportation for foreigners. [reported — verify] A 2025 Penal Code amendment is reported to have REMOVED the death penalty for the possession offence (Art 249) regardless of quantity — trafficking/manufacture/transport still carry it — and to criminalise drug use during or after compulsory rehabilitation (2–5 years); confirm against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine; a prohibited Schedule I narcotic.
Documentation: There is NO medical cannabis and no traveller exemption — cannabis import/export is prohibited. For other prescribed controlled medicines, carry a valid prescription and declare them on arrival. Foreigners receive no leniency: deportation plus a 3-year re-entry ban is common.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Philippines

Legal status: Dangerous Drug under RA 9165 — prohibited; possession/sale a serious crime (death is the statutory maximum, currently suspended)
Consequences if caught: Possession (Sec 11) of ≥10 g of MDMA/ecstasy carries life imprisonment to death plus a ₱500,000–10,000,000 fine; 5–10 g carries 20 years to life; smaller amounts 12–20 years. Sale, trading, manufacture, importation or transport (Sec 5) carries life imprisonment to death plus a ₱500,000–10,000,000 fine, regardless of quantity. Use (Sec 15) carries 6 months' rehabilitation for a first offence and 6–12 years for a second. NOTE: the death penalty remains in RA 9165 as the statutory MAXIMUM, but capital punishment is currently suspended and not carried out — in practice the penalties top out at life imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Carry a valid prescription for any controlled medicine; an unlawful or fraudulent prescription is itself penalised under RA 9165. Foreigners receive no leniency.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Switzerland

Legal status: Prohibited narcotic under the BetmG (SR 812.121) — production, import and sale criminal
Consequences if caught: Switzerland's four-pillar policy (prevention, therapy, harm reduction, repression — enshrined 2011) shapes enforcement: drug USE is punishable by a fine (Art 19a); heroin-assisted treatment (diamorphine on prescription) is legal for dependent patients; and supervised consumption rooms and official drug-checking services operate in several cities. Trafficking, supply or manufacture (Art 19) carries up to 3 years or a fine; aggravated cases (Art 19 para 2 — endangering many people, roughly 4 kg of hashish, or organised activity) carry 2–10 years. MDMA is a prohibited hard drug.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form; prohibited under the BetmG.
Documentation: Schengen travel: carry prescribed narcotics with a Schengen Article 75 certificate and keep them in original packaging. Medical cannabis has been prescribable by doctors WITHOUT a special FOPH permit since August 2022.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Czechia

Legal status: Decriminalised up to a 'small amount' (misdemeanour, not a crime); a crime above the threshold
Consequences if caught: In Czechia, personal possession of not more than a 'small amount' is a MISDEMEANOUR (a fine up to CZK 15,000), not a crime — and this threshold-decriminalisation applies to ALL drugs, not just cannabis. The Supreme Court 'greater than small' threshold is 5 tablets/units of ecstasy. Above the threshold: personal-use possession (§284) carries up to 1 year for cannabis and up to 2 years for other drugs; cultivation (§285) 6 months to 5 years; trafficking or production (§283) 1–10 years, up to 18 years in aggravated cases.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry a Schengen Article 75 certificate in original packaging (see documentation).
Documentation: Schengen travel: carry prescribed narcotics with a Schengen Article 75 certificate in original packaging. Medical cannabis has been legal on prescription since 2013.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Uruguay

Legal status: Not confirmed — verify with Uruguay's IRCCA / authorities (Decree-Law 14.294) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: Under Decree-Law 14.294 (Art 31), possession of a 'reasonable quantity exclusively for personal consumption' is NOT criminalised — a judge decides, with no fixed thresholds (except 40 g for cannabis). Production and trafficking (Arts 30/31) carry 20 months to 10 years. This specific substance was not individually named in the reachable Uruguayan sources (Decree-Law 14.294 / Law 19.172) — verify before travel.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and original packaging and declare it (see documentation).
Documentation: Carry a prescription and original packaging for any controlled medicine, and declare it. Note: legal cannabis access is for registered Uruguayan citizens/permanent residents only — see the cannabis cell.

Source · Updated 2026-06-25

Argentina

Legal status: Controlled drug under Law 23.737 — illegal; personal-use possession may engage the 'Arriola' private-use doctrine (no fixed quantity); trafficking 4–15 years
Consequences if caught: Possession of a personal-use quantity (Art 14) carries 1 month–2 years. The 2009 Supreme Court "Arriola" ruling held Art 14's penalty unconstitutional for consumption in private that harms no one else (Constitution Art 19) — BUT that ruling binds only its own case: lower courts vary, police still arrest, and there is NO fixed gram threshold. DISAMBIGUATION: decriminalized is NOT legalized — sale and purchase remain criminal, and Arriola prevents a conviction, not an arrest. Trafficking (Law 23.737 Art 5) — production, import, export, sale or supply — carries 4–15 years. MDMA is a controlled drug; personal-use possession falls under Art 14 (the Arriola private-personal-use doctrine may apply; there is no fixed quantity) and trafficking under Art 5.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form; controlled medicines require your prescription and original packaging — confirm with your embassy before travel.
Documentation: Medical cannabis is legal for registered patients only; recreational sale and purchase remain criminal offences. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and original packaging and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Colombia

Legal status: Controlled under Law 30/1986 — personal-dose decriminalization principle applies but no specific gram threshold for this substance; trafficking criminal
Consequences if caught: Under Constitutional Court ruling C-221/1994 (reaffirmed by C-491/2012), possession of a personal DOSIS MÍNIMA is not a crime (Constitution Art 16, free development of personality). The personal-dose decriminalization principle applies, but a specific statutory gram threshold is defined only for cannabis (≤20 g), hashish (≤5 g), cocaine (≤1 g) and methaqualone (≤2 g) — not for MDMA. Trafficking and production remain criminal offences. DISAMBIGUATION: decriminalized is NOT legal — sale remains criminal, and foreigners report police searches and shakedowns even within the legal personal dose.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Medical cannabis and home cultivation are legal under Law 1787/2016; recreational sale remains criminal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Costa Rica

Legal status: Controlled under Law 8204 — personal consumption prohibited but not penalized (no statutory quantity); trafficking 8–15 years
Consequences if caught: Personal consumption is PROHIBITED BUT NOT PENALIZED — it is not formally decriminalized ('prohibited but no punishment'), and NO statutory personal-dose quantity exists. (Police informally treat roughly 1–8 g as personal — this is ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE, not a legal threshold.) Trafficking, cultivation and sale (Law 8204 Art 58) carry 8–15 years (up to 20).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Medical cannabis is dispensed by prescription through Costa Rican pharmacies ONLY; foreign prescriptions are not valid. Confirm any controlled medicine with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Dominican Republic

Legal status: Controlled under Law 50-88 — possession an offence; specific statutory gram tiers defined only for cocaine and cannabis; trafficking up to 20 years
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled under Law 50-88; possession is an offence and trafficking carries up to 20 years (Arts 58/59). Specific statutory gram tiers are defined only for cocaine (Art 5) and cannabis (Art 6) — confirm this substance's classification. Trafficking (Arts 58/59) carries up to 5–20 years. The US Embassy warns of zero-tolerance enforcement: small quantities can mean arrest, and US cannabis/medical cards are not recognized.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: There is no medical-cannabis programme; CBD is treated the same as THC, and US cannabis or medical-marijuana cards are not recognized. The US Embassy warns of zero-tolerance enforcement — even small quantities can lead to arrest.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Jamaica

Legal status: Fully illegal under the Dangerous Drugs Act — the 2015 ganja decriminalization does NOT apply; possession and trafficking are criminal
Consequences if caught: MDMA remains fully illegal under the Dangerous Drugs Act; the 2015 cannabis reform does not apply to it, and possession and trafficking are criminal offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Visitors may obtain a temporary medical cannabis permit (self-declared) at licensed dispensaries to possess up to 2 oz during their stay. Public smoking is prohibited everywhere including beaches, and taking ganja out of the country is a serious criminal offence regardless of amount.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Ireland

Legal status: Controlled drug under Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 — possession criminal (Sec 3, up to 7 years on indictment); supply up to life (Sec 15)
Consequences if caught: As of 2026 possession is a CRIMINAL offence; a June 2026 Oireachtas Joint Committee RECOMMENDED repealing Section 3 to decriminalize personal possession — this is a RECOMMENDATION, NOT law, and is NOT enacted. Confirm the current status before travel. Possession of a controlled drug other than cannabis (Sec 3) carries a fine and/or up to 12 months (summary) or up to 7 years (on indictment). Sale or supply (Sec 15) carries up to life imprisonment; for drugs worth more than €13,000 a presumptive 10-year minimum applies (Sec 15A). A Garda adult-cautioning / health-diversion scheme exists for some first-time personal possession.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Possession remains a criminal offence as of 2026; a June 2026 Oireachtas Joint Committee recommended decriminalizing personal possession, but this is NOT enacted — confirm the current status before relying on it. Garda adult-cautioning / health-diversion exists for some first-time personal possession. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Austria

Legal status: Controlled under the Suchtmittelgesetz (SMG) — possession punishable (§27, no legal minimum quantity); depenalized for first-time small-quantity personal use
Consequences if caught: DISAMBIGUATION: depenalized, NOT legalized. There is NO legal minimum quantity — possession of any amount for personal use is punishable (§27, up to 6 months prison or a fine). BUT under "Therapie statt Strafe" (§35) small-quantity personal use is typically provisionally suspended from prosecution (1–2 year probation) if the person accepts counselling/treatment. Consumption itself is not criminalized, but the possession that precedes it is. MDMA is controlled under the SMG; personal use is depenalized (first-time small quantity diverted to treatment) and above-threshold quantities are dealing/trafficking. Above the Grenzmenge (threshold quantity) the offence becomes dealing/trafficking under §§28/28a — up to 1–3 years, escalating to 10–15 years for commercial or organized cases.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form; medical cannabinoids are synthetic/pharmaceutical only (see documentation).
Documentation: Medical cannabis is limited to synthetic/pharmaceutical cannabinoids only (dronabinol, Sativex, nabilone) — no flower. There is no recreational legalization (the Constitutional Court upheld prohibition in July 2022). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and original packaging and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Poland

Legal status: Controlled under the 2005 Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction — possession criminal (Art 62, up to 3 years; 10 for considerable quantity); Art 62a discretionary dismissal (NOT decriminalization)
Consequences if caught: Possession (Art 62) carries up to 3 years (§1 basic); a 'considerable quantity' (§2) a fine plus up to 10 years; a case of lesser gravity (§3) a fine or up to 1 year. Under Art 62a (a safety valve) proceedings MAY be discontinued — even before charges — for a small quantity held for personal use where punishment would be pointless and social harm low (about 24% of possession cases were dismissed this way in 2023). DISAMBIGUATION: Art 62a is a DISCRETIONARY prosecutorial mechanism, NOT decriminalization. Trafficking (Art 56) carries 6 months–8 years, rising to 12 or more for significant or organized quantities; cultivation (Art 63) up to 3 years. CROSS-BORDER WARNING: a quantity legal in a neighbouring country (e.g. 25 g in Germany) becomes a crime on entering Poland. MDMA is a controlled drug under the 2005 Act.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Medical cannabis has been legal since 1 November 2017 (prescription, pharmacy-dispensed, imported flower). There is no statutory 'small amount' threshold — courts decide case-by-case. CROSS-BORDER WARNING: a quantity legal in Germany becomes a crime on entering Poland (Schengen abolishes border controls, not national drug law). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Croatia

Legal status: Personal-use possession is a MISDEMEANOR since 2013 (fine, no statutory quantity); cultivation/sale criminal (3–12 years)
Consequences if caught: Since 1 January 2013, personal-use possession of ANY drug has been reclassified from a criminal offence (kazneno djelo) to a MISDEMEANOR (prekršaj): a fine of roughly €660–€2,650, possible short misdemeanor detention of up to 90 days, and confiscation — but no arrest for possession alone. There is NO statutory 'personal use' quantity; courts decide case-by-case. Cultivation or production without intent to sell is a criminal offence (6 months–5 years); sale, import, export or possession for sale is criminal (3–12 years), with aggravated cases (near schools, to children, organized) up to 15–20 years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Medical cannabis has been legal since October 2015 (prescription, capped at 0.75 g THC per month, residents only). There is no statutory 'personal use' quantity — courts decide case-by-case. Note: claims of a 2026 reform introducing a 5 g cannabis threshold are NOT supported by any primary source and should be disregarded. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Hungary

Legal status: Controlled under Act C of 2012 (Criminal Code) — no soft/hard distinction; possession of a 'small amount' up to 2 years; consumption itself criminal
Consequences if caught: There is NO distinction between drug types — cannabis is treated identically to heroin for the basic offence. Possession of a 'small amount' carries up to 2 years, and consumption itself is a criminal offence (reintroduced 2013), up to 2 years. First-time small-amount offenders may avoid court via a 6-month treatment programme (elterelés/diversion); it is unavailable if caught twice within 2 years. [reported] A 2025 Criminal Code amendment narrowed diversion eligibility (only those who disclose the offence circumstances qualify) — confirm against the current statute. The 'small amount' is defined by PURE ACTIVE INGREDIENT: MDMA is controlled on the same 'small amount by pure active ingredient' framework, with diversion available to first-time offenders. Above a 'small amount' the penalty is 1–5 years (basic), 2–8 years, escalating to 5–10 and 5–15 years or life for large quantities.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Hungary has NO medical-cannabis programme (one of the few in Europe); CBD is legal only below 0.2% THC. First-time small-amount offenders may avoid court via a 6-month treatment programme (elterelés/diversion), but not if caught twice within 2 years. [reported] A 2025 'war on drugs' (constitutional + Criminal Code amendments) is said to have NARROWED diversion eligibility — confirm against the current statute. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Cambodia

Legal status: Group I narcotic under the Law on the Control of Drugs — illegal; possession up to 10–20 years even without trafficking intent; trafficking up to LIFE; NO death penalty
Consequences if caught: Cambodia ABOLISHED the death penalty in 1989 (constitutional) — there is NO death penalty for any drug offence; the maximum is LIFE imprisonment. Possession of a hard drug (methamphetamine/heroin/ecstasy) can carry up to 10–20 years even without trafficking intent; trafficking (Art 40) carries 2–20 years up to life. ENFORCEMENT: a 2017 anti-drug campaign sharply increased arrests and post-2019 tourist-area enforcement tightened — foreigners are routinely jailed, and the old 'smokers' paradise' reputation is OUTDATED.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Cambodia ABOLISHED the death penalty in 1989 (constitutional); the maximum penalty for any drug offence is LIFE imprisonment. There is no medical, recreational, or industrial cannabis provision. Enforcement tightened sharply after a 2017 anti-drug campaign and post-2019 in tourist areas — foreigners are routinely jailed and the old 'smokers' paradise' reputation is OUTDATED. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Sri Lanka

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance — illegal; not confirmed in the Sec 54A capital schedule in the primary source — confirm classification
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled under the Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, but it is NOT confirmed in the Sec 54A capital schedule in the reachable primary source — confirm its classification before relying on it. Sri Lanka retains the DEATH penalty for this offence (Sec 54A): death OR life imprisonment for manufacturing or for trafficking/possessing/importing/exporting above the Third Schedule thresholds. CRITICAL NUANCE: the death penalty is NON-MANDATORY (courts treat it as discretionary) AND Sri Lanka is under a long-standing EXECUTION MORATORIUM — sentences are passed and people held on death row, but no executions have been carried out for decades.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Sri Lanka retains the death penalty for serious drug offences (Sec 54A), but it is NON-MANDATORY (treated as discretionary) and the country is under a long-standing EXECUTION MORATORIUM — death sentences are passed and people held on death row, but no executions have been carried out for decades. Cannabis is NOT a capital offence. Possession of under 1 g where the person agrees to rehabilitation can be diverted to treatment (2007 Act). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Morocco

Legal status: Controlled under the 1974 Dahir — illegal; trafficking heavily penalized; NO death penalty for drugs
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled under the 1974 Dahir (No. 1-73-282); trafficking is heavily penalized. Morocco has NO death penalty for drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Law No. 13-21 (2021) legalized cannabis only for licensed MEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL and INDUSTRIAL use in three Rif provinces (regulated by ANRAC) — it does NOT legalize recreational use and does not even mention consumers. Recreational use remains a crime under the 1974 Dahir, merely laxly enforced. Morocco has NO death penalty for drug offences. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Qatar

Legal status: Prohibited narcotic under Law No. 9 of 1987 (NDDPS, amended 2023) — DEATH or life for trafficking/recidivism; no medical or recreational use
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a prohibited narcotic under Law No. 9 of 1987. Qatar retains the DEATH penalty. Under Law No. 9 of 1987 (as amended by Law No. 16 of 2023), trafficking — and any repeat offence (recidivism), including a prior foreign conviction — can bring a DEATH sentence or life imprisonment. Possession with trafficking purpose carries 7–15 years plus a fine of QR 100,000–200,000; personal-use (non-trafficking) possession carries 3–7 years plus a fine. Foreigners are DEPORTED after sentence, and embassies are explicitly powerless to intervene. The primary statute sets NO specific per-drug gram threshold — confirm the exact quantity that distinguishes trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine; a prohibited narcotic.
Documentation: Qatar retains the death penalty for drug trafficking and for recidivism (including prior foreign convictions). There is zero medical or recreational cannabis (Schedule 4 plants fully prohibited; sharia-influenced). Foreigners are DEPORTED after sentence and embassies are explicitly powerless to intervene; a treatment alternative exists at the Naufar Center. The primary statute sets NO specific per-drug gram threshold. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Kuwait

Legal status: Prohibited under Kuwait's 2025 unified Anti-Drug Law — DEATH or life for trafficking (Arts 42–43), mandatory death in aggravated cases (Art 44); no medical or recreational use
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a prohibited controlled drug under Kuwait's 2025 unified Anti-Drug Law. Kuwait retains the DEATH penalty. Under Kuwait's 2025 unified Anti-Drug Law (Amiri Decree-Law replacing Law No. 74 of 1983 and Law No. 48 of 1987), import/smuggling/manufacture/cultivation with trafficking intent (Art 42) or possession/sale/purchase/promotion with trafficking intent (Art 43) can bring DEATH or life plus very large fines; Art 44 makes death MANDATORY in aggravating circumstances (recidivism, supplying or exploiting minors, abuse of official position). Personal-use (non-trafficking) possession carries up to 10 years plus a fine. Foreigners are DEPORTED after sentence. NOTE: the exact decree number is reported as both 59/2025 and 159/2025 — verify. The sources set NO specific per-drug gram threshold — confirm the exact quantity that distinguishes trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine; a prohibited controlled drug.
Documentation: Kuwait retains the death penalty for drug trafficking, with mandatory death in aggravating circumstances (Art 44: recidivism, supplying/exploiting minors, abuse of official position). There is zero medical or recreational cannabis. 2025 additions include random drug testing for military/civilian employees, mandatory testing for driver's-license and marriage applicants, immediate arrest powers, and compulsory hospitalization for addicts; addicts who voluntarily seek treatment are granted immunity. Foreigners are DEPORTED after sentence. NOTE: the exact 2025 decree number is reported as both 59/2025 and 159/2025 — verify. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Peru

Legal status: Personal-use possession of a single drug type below the Art 299 threshold (250 mg (1 g of the active ingredient) for ecstasy/MDMA) is NOT a crime; trafficking criminal (Art 296)
Consequences if caught: Under Penal Code Art 299, personal-use possession of ONE drug type below its statutory threshold is NOT a crime — for this substance the threshold is 250 mg (1 g of the active ingredient) for ecstasy/MDMA. CRITICAL TWO-DRUG TRAP (Art 299 para 2): possessing TWO OR MORE drug types at the same time — even if each is below its own threshold — IS a crime and loses the non-punible protection. Trafficking (Art 296) carries 8–15 years; micro-commercialization (Art 298) 3–7 years. ENFORCEMENT: about 60% of drug detentions are for use/possession, police frequently treat possessors as traffickers, and up to 15 days' preventive detention can apply.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Personal-use possession of a SINGLE drug type below its Art 299 threshold is not a crime, but possessing two or more drug types at once IS a crime (loses the exemption). Medical cannabis is legal (Law 30681, 2017; regulated 2019) and hemp is regulated (Law 32195, 2024); traditional coca-leaf chewing is legal. Enforcement is heavy — about 60% of drug detentions are for use/possession and police frequently treat possessors as traffickers (up to 15 days' preventive detention). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Chile

Legal status: Personal near-term use a misdemeanor (falta), NOT a crime (Law 20.000 Art 50) — fine/education/community service, no statutory gram threshold; trafficking criminal
Consequences if caught: Under Law 20.000 Art 50, possession or consumption of a small quantity for exclusive and near-in-time personal use is NOT a crime — it is a misdemeanor/infraction (falta) punishable by a fine, drug-education, or community service, never prison. There is NO statutory gram threshold; a judge assesses 'personal use' case-by-case. Private personal use is permitted, but consumption in groups or public places is penalized (intent to supply is presumed unless personal use is proven). Cultivation (Art 8) is an offence unless justified as exclusive personal near-term use (the '6 plants' figure circulating is from reform BILLS, not current law). Micro-trafficking (Art 4) carries 541 days–5 years; trafficking (Art 3) 5–15 years. [contested] A 2025–26 reform tightening penalties and narrowing the personal-use defence is before the Constitutional Court (about 37 members appealed) — confirm the current status; the Art 50 framework above is the stable core.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Personal near-term use of a small quantity is a misdemeanor (falta) — a fine, drug-education, or community service, never prison; there is NO statutory gram threshold and a judge assesses 'personal use' case-by-case. Public or group consumption is penalized. Medical cannabis has been legal since 2015 (Supreme Decree 84; pharmacy, prescription). [contested] A 2025–26 reform tightening this is before the Constitutional Court — confirm the current status. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

New Zealand

Legal status: Class A controlled drug (Misuse of Drugs Act 1975) — possession an offence (Sec 7; Police discretion since 2019); supply up to life (Sec 6)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a Class A controlled drug. Possession (Sec 7) is an offence, but the 2019 amendment (Sec 7(5)–(6)) codified Police discretion: prosecute only where 'required in the public interest', with an explicit steer toward a health-centred approach for personal use — yielding more warnings and fewer prosecutions (criticized as a 'postcode lottery'). Supply or dealing (Sec 6) carries up to life imprisonment for Class A drugs. A presumption of supply applies (Schedule 5) above 28 g of cannabis or 5 g of methamphetamine — possession above that presumes supply unless rebutted.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Possession is an offence, but since the 2019 amendment (Sec 7(5)–(6)) Police exercise discretion toward a health-centred approach for personal use — more warnings and fewer prosecutions, criticized as a 'postcode lottery'. A presumption of supply applies above 28 g of cannabis or 5 g of methamphetamine. Medical cannabis is available by prescription under the Medicinal Cannabis Scheme (2019/2020) following the 2018 palliative exemption. A 2020 recreational-legalization referendum was narrowly rejected (50.7% no). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

South Africa

Legal status: Fully illegal under the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 140 of 1992 — dealing penalties up to 25 years; NO death penalty
Consequences if caught: MDMA is fully illegal under the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 140 of 1992; dealing carries penalties up to 25 years. The 2018 Prince ruling and the Cannabis for Private Purposes Act apply ONLY to cannabis — not to hard drugs. South Africa has NO death penalty (abolished 1995).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Private adult cannabis use, possession and cultivation are lawful (Prince 2018 + Cannabis for Private Purposes Act 7 of 2024) with NO court-set quantity; all dealing and sale remain illegal and 'cannabis clubs' are a legal grey zone (the 2022 Haze Club ruling treated club cultivation-for-members as dealing). [draft] February 2026 regulations proposing quantity limits (around 600 g dried / about 5 plants) are NOT yet in force. Hard drugs are fully illegal under Act 140 of 1992 (dealing up to 25 years). South Africa has NO death penalty (abolished 1995). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Kenya

Legal status: Illegal under the Narcotic Drugs Act No. 4 of 1994 (Cap 245) — possession up to 20 years or fine ≥1,000,000 KSh + life; trafficking life; NO death penalty
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled under the Narcotic Drugs Act No. 4 of 1994. Possession (Section 3) of a drug other than cannabis carries up to 20 years, otherwise a fine of at least 1,000,000 KSh plus life. Trafficking (Sec 4) carries a fine of at least 1,000,000 KSh plus life. The 2022 amendment added tiered quantity penalties: 1–100 g of narcotics carries a minimum 30,000,000 KSh fine plus at least 30 years; more than 100 g a minimum 50,000,000 KSh fine plus up to 50 years. Kenya has NO death penalty for drug offences (maximum is life).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Kenya has a strict drug regime under the Narcotic Drugs Act No. 4 of 1994 (Cap 245, amended 2022) with NO general personal-use decriminalization. The 2022 amendment added tiered quantity penalties: 1–100 g of narcotics → a minimum 30,000,000 KSh fine plus at least 30 years; more than 100 g → a minimum 50,000,000 KSh fine plus up to 50 years. Khat (miraa/muguka) is LEGAL — the 2022 amendment exempts cathinone/cathine when contained in khat, a major cash crop. Kenya has NO death penalty (maximum is life). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Belgium

Legal status: Controlled under the Drug Law of 24 February 1921 — illegal; no tolerance threshold; possession and supply criminal
Consequences if caught: MDMA has no tolerance threshold under the Belgian Drug Law of 24 February 1921 — possession is criminal, and sale, supply and trafficking are criminal. The 3 g cannabis tolerance does NOT apply to other drugs.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Cannabis remains ILLEGAL — adult (18+) possession of up to 3 g or one female plant is the lowest prosecution priority (a simplified police report, in practice a €120–200 fine, no arrest absent aggravating circumstances), but this is tolerance/depenalization, NOT decriminalization or legalization. Aggravating circumstances or more than 3 g trigger criminal prosecution; for minors all cannabis possession is always criminal. Medical cannabis means authorized cannabis-based medicines only (e.g. Sativex) by prescription plus pharmacist CBD preparations — no flower. Importing cannabis (even from the Netherlands) is a separate, more serious offence. [recommendation] An April 2024 parliamentary report recommended a new cannabis framework — not law. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Sweden

Legal status: Zero-tolerance under the Narcotic Drugs (Punishments) Act 1968:64 — possession AND consumption criminal; minor offence = day-fines (no prison) + criminal record; no soft/hard distinction
Consequences if caught: Sweden enforces zero-tolerance: under the Narcotic Drugs (Punishments) Act (1968:64), consumption itself is criminal (since 1988) and possession of any amount is criminal, with NO soft/hard distinction. A minor offence (ringa narkotikabrott) — personal use or a small amount — carries income-based day-fines (dagsböter) and NO prison (per the Supreme Court) but leaves a criminal record; a normal offence (narkotikabrott) up to 3 years; a serious offence (grovt) 2–7 years, aggravated up to 10. Police may compel blood/urine tests on suspicion of use; smuggling falls under the Smuggling Act (2000:1225), up to 10 years aggravated. [proposed] A 2023 government proposal would raise some penalties and criminalize attempt and conspiracy.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Sweden enforces ZERO-TOLERANCE: consumption itself has been criminal since 1988 and possession of any amount is criminal, with NO soft/hard distinction. A minor offence (ringa narkotikabrott) — personal use or a small amount — carries income-based day-fines (dagsböter) and NO prison (per the Supreme Court), but it leaves a criminal record; a normal offence up to 3 years and a serious offence 2–7 years (aggravated up to 10). Police may compel blood or urine tests on suspicion of use. Smuggling falls under the Smuggling Act (2000:1225), up to 10 years aggravated. Medical use is limited to Sativex (nabiximols) for MS spasticity — no medical flower, no recreational. [proposed] A 2023 government proposal would raise some penalties and criminalize attempt and conspiracy. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Norway

Legal status: Possession criminal for everyone (Penal Code §231); drug-dependent persons not punished via 2022 Supreme Court/AG practice (depenalization, NOT decriminalization); recreational users still fined; 2021 broad decrim REJECTED
Consequences if caught: Under the Penal Code (2005) §231 and the Medicines Act §31, possession and use of drugs are a CRIMINAL offence for everyone. After the April 2022 Supreme Court rulings (HR-2022-731/732/733-A) and the Attorney General's guidelines (18 May 2022), persons with a SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER (drug-dependent) are no longer punished for personal use or possession of small amounts — but this is court-practice DEPENALIZATION for that group ONLY, NOT decriminalization. RECREATIONAL (non-dependent) users are STILL punished: a small amount draws a fine (the serious kind, which appears on the criminal record), though young first-timers are often diverted to supervised drug testing. The 2021 broad-decriminalization reform ('From Punishment to Help') was REJECTED by Parliament in June 2021. The personal-use guidance amounts are about 15 g for cannabis and about 5 g for heroin, amphetamine and cocaine. Supply and trafficking are serious offences (up to 10 years, more when aggravated).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Possession and use are criminal for everyone (Penal Code §231 + Medicines Act §31). Since the April 2022 Supreme Court rulings and Attorney General guidelines, drug-dependent persons are not punished for personal use/possession of small amounts (depenalization for that group only, NOT decriminalization); recreational (non-dependent) users are still fined (a record-bearing fine), and the 2021 broad-decriminalization reform ('From Punishment to Help') was rejected by Parliament in June 2021. Personal-use guidance amounts are about 15 g cannabis and about 5 g for heroin, amphetamine and cocaine. Medical cannabis is limited and requires special approval. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Denmark

Legal status: List A controlled under the Euphoriant Substances Act — possession criminal (fine to prison); serious trafficking up to 16 years (Criminal Code §191)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a List A controlled substance under the Euphoriant Substances Act; possession is criminal (a fine up to imprisonment) and serious or large-scale trafficking falls under Criminal Code §191, up to 16 years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Cannabis is List A (the most restricted category, alongside heroin and LSD). Possession and use are criminal; a small personal amount (up to ~9.9 g cannabis) draws a fixed fine (~DKK 2,000 / €70 first offence) via a simplified penalty notice with no court, but it remains a criminal offence that leaves a record (a warning is possible for drug-dependent persons). Penalties run up to 2 years under the Euphoriants Act; serious/large-scale trafficking (e.g. ≥10 kg) under Criminal Code §191, up to 16 years. A medical cannabis programme has been PERMANENT since 1 January 2026 (prescription, licensed pharmacies); CBD ≤0.2% THC sits outside the euphoriant rules but is often regulated as a medicine. OUTDATED-REPUTATION WARNING: the Christiania/Pusher Street open cannabis market was DISMANTLED in April 2024 — it is NOT a legal or tolerated market, and buying there carries the same (or, in designated zones, doubled) penalties. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Finland

Legal status: Use/possession criminal (Criminal Code Ch 50 §2a) — small amount = summary day-fines; narcotics offence up to 2 years (§1); aggravated up to 10 years (§2)
Consequences if caught: Under the Narcotics Act (373/2008) §5 and Criminal Code Chapter 50, use and possession are criminal. Unlawful use of narcotics (Ch 50 §2a) — personal use or a small amount — carries a fine or up to 6 months, in practice summary income-based day-fines (≤10 g hashish or ≤15 g cannabis ≈ 10–20 day-fines, with no court unless the defendant requests one). A narcotics offence (Ch 50 §1) carries a fine or up to 2 years; an aggravated narcotics offence (Ch 50 §2) up to 10 years. There is NO soft/hard distinction (cannabis is judged most leniently only by practice, not statute). Punishment may be WAIVED for an insignificant amount or if the offender accepts treatment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Use and possession are criminal under the Narcotics Act 373/2008 and Criminal Code Chapter 50; a small personal amount is handled by summary income-based day-fines (≤10 g hashish or ≤15 g cannabis ≈ 10–20 day-fines, with no court unless the defendant requests one), with NO soft/hard distinction. Punishment may be waived for an insignificant amount or if the offender accepts treatment. Medical use is limited (Sativex by special licence via Fimea). A 2019–2020 citizens' initiative to decriminalize personal use/possession/small cultivation was processed by Parliament and NOT enacted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Bolivia

Legal status: Controlled and illegal under Law 1008 (1988) — possession criminal; personal-use 'minimal quantity' directed to treatment (Art 49), NO fixed gram threshold; the coca carve-out does NOT apply
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled and illegal under Bolivia's Law 1008 (1988); the Constitution Art 384 coca-leaf carve-out applies ONLY to the coca leaf in its natural state and does NOT extend to MDMA. Personal-use possession of a 'minimal quantity' is directed to treatment or education rather than prison (Art 49), but there is NO fixed statutory gram threshold — a two-expert assessment determines the minimum. Manufacture (Art 47) draws 5–15 years and trafficking (Art 48) 10–25 years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Constitution Art 384 protects the coca leaf in its natural state as cultural heritage and a factor of social cohesion — 'in its natural state it is not a narcotic' — with legal cultivation delimited to authorized zones (the Yungas); traditional coca chewing is legal, and Bolivia withdrew from and re-acceded to the 1961 Single Convention specifically to preserve it. Cocaine, the processed drug, is a DIFFERENT thing: it is controlled and illegal, and the coca carve-out does NOT extend to cocaine. Cannabis, heroin, methamphetamine, MDMA and LSD are controlled and illegal with no carve-out. Personal-use possession of a 'minimal quantity' is directed to treatment or education rather than prison (Law 1008 Art 49), but there is NO fixed statutory gram threshold — a two-expert assessment determines the minimum. Cultivation outside authorized coca zones (Art 46) draws about 1–2 years, manufacture (Art 47) 5–15 years, and trafficking (Art 48) 10–25 years. Bolivia has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Ecuador

Legal status: MDMA — personal-use possession non-punishable, but the former CONSEP threshold ([repealed] about 0.015 g) was repealed November 2023; NO defined quantity now, trafficking intent assessed case-by-case
Consequences if caught: Personal-use possession is non-punishable in Ecuador (Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers; the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable, and CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023 — the old bright-line thresholds NO LONGER EXIST, there is now NO defined personal-use quantity, and trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3–5 years, medium 5–7, high 19–22, large 22–26. For MDMA, the [repealed] former CONSEP threshold was about 0.015 g (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013) — repealed November 2023 and NO LONGER current law.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Personal-use possession is NON-PUNISHABLE: Constitution Art 364 treats consumption as a public-health matter and bars criminalizing consumers, and the COIP confirms personal-use possession is not punishable (CNJ Resolution 14-2023 confirmed this remains fully in force). CRITICAL: the former CONSEP quantity table (Resolution 001-CONSEP-CO-2013 — about 10 g cannabis, 1 g cocaine, 0.1 g heroin, 0.015 g MDMA) was [repealed] by Executive Decree No. 28 on 24 November 2023; those gram thresholds NO LONGER EXIST. There is now NO defined personal-use quantity — trafficking intent is assessed case-by-case (a legal grey area). Trafficking is tiered (COIP Art 220): minimum 3–5 years, medium 5–7, high 19–22, large 22–26. Medical cannabis is legal (2019 Assembly vote; products under 1% THC via pharmacy). [contested] A REDCAN citizen cannabis-regulation initiative was pending in the National Assembly in 2025. Ecuador has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Paraguay

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Paraguay's authorities (Law N° 1.340/88) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Paraguayan sources (Law N° 1.340/88 Arts 16/30) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Under Paraguay's Law N° 1.340/88, personal-use possession is exempt from punishment up to the CURRENT statutory thresholds of Art 30 — cannabis 10 g or less, and cocaine, heroin or other opiates 2 g or less — with a forensic doctor determining whether the amount is for personal use. Trafficking and cultivation (Art 16) draw up to 10–20 years. The Art 30 thresholds name cannabis (10 g) and cocaine/heroin/other opiates (2 g); other substances are not assigned a statutory personal-use amount.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Personal-use possession is exempt from punishment up to the CURRENT statutory thresholds of Law N° 1.340/88 Art 30: cannabis 10 g or less, and cocaine, heroin or other opiates 2 g or less, with a forensic doctor determining whether the amount is for personal use. These thresholds ARE current law. Possession of cannabis above the threshold draws 2–4 years; trafficking and cultivation (Art 16) draw up to 10–20 years. Medical cannabis is legal (Bill 6007/2018; derivatives and CBD by physician authorization; DINAVISA Resolution 488/2025 is medical-only and does NOT legalize recreational), but a self-cultivation bill (6602/2020) was REJECTED. Recreational sale and purchase remain illegal; Paraguay is the world's second-largest cannabis producer and a major exporter (the pressed 'ladrillo' brick trade), but that does NOT make recreational sale legal. Paraguay has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Ghana

Legal status: Personal use DEPENALIZED but still illegal under Act 1019 (2020) — fine of 200–500 penalty units (~GHS 2,400–6,000), non-payment ~15 months; NOT decriminalized; NO quantity thresholds defined
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled under Ghana's Narcotics Control Commission Act, 2020 (Act 1019). Under Ghana's Narcotics Control Commission Act, 2020 (Act 1019), possession for personal use (Secs 37/41/45) is DEPENALIZED, not decriminalized: it draws a FINE of 200–500 penalty units (about GHS 2,400–6,000), with non-payment converting to roughly 15 months' imprisonment. This replaced prison with a fine, but personal use REMAINS ILLEGAL and the Act defines NO personal-use quantity thresholds. Trafficking is severe (fines plus imprisonment under the Second Schedule).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Ghana DEPENALIZED (not decriminalized) personal drug use: under the Narcotics Control Commission Act, 2020 (Act 1019), possession for personal use (Secs 37/41/45) draws a FINE of 200–500 penalty units (about GHS 2,400–6,000), with non-payment converting to roughly 15 months' imprisonment. This replaced the old prison terms of PNDCL 236 (1990) with a fine, but recreational and personal use REMAINS ILLEGAL — it is depenalization, NOT decriminalization or legalization — and the Act defines NO personal-use quantity thresholds. Trafficking is severe (fines plus imprisonment under the Second Schedule). [struck] Sec 43, a special provision for licensed cultivation of low-THC cannabis (0.3% THC or less) for industrial, medical and scientific use only (NOT recreational), was ruled unconstitutional by Ghana's Supreme Court in May 2023 (5–4) on procedural grounds and was struck; Parliament action to re-pass followed — confirm the current status, do NOT rely on Sec 43 as settled law. Ghana has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Israel

Legal status: Criminal under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (1973) — possession/use up to 3 years; the cannabis decrim-by-policy framework is cannabis-only and does NOT apply; cultivation/trafficking up to 20 years
Consequences if caught: MDMA is criminal under Israel's Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (New Version 5732, 1973); possession or use carries up to 3 years. The cannabis decriminalization-by-policy framework is cannabis-only and does NOT extend to MDMA. Cultivation (Sec 6) carries up to 20 years and trafficking/import/export up to 20 years (25 years supplying a minor), with 8-year asset seizure.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Cannabis is DECRIMINALIZED BY POLICY, not legalized: since 1 April 2019 (a temporary order following the July 2018 Knesset approval) adult personal use or possession of a 'small amount' (15 g or less) is handled administratively rather than as a criminal offence; private-home use is no offence at all, while public use draws a three-strikes graduated fine (first about NIS 1,000 / about USD 275, doubled on the second, the third triggers a criminal investigation / licence loss, the fourth prosecution). This is decriminalization by temporary order, NOT legalization — per NIDA and the Anti-Drug Authority cannabis use is 'still forbidden.' Soldiers, prisoners, minors and police are EXCLUDED from the decrim framework and remain criminal. The framework is cannabis-only and does NOT extend to other drugs: cocaine, heroin and MDMA remain criminal (possession or use up to 3 years). Cultivation (Sec 6) carries up to 20 years and trafficking/import/export up to 20 years (25 years supplying a minor), with 8-year asset seizure. IN-FLUX (flagged, not enacted): [draft] a 2020 bill to decriminalize up to 50 g did NOT pass; [draft] 2022 Sa'ar draft regulations to make personal use purely administrative and expunge records; [draft] a February 2024 redefinition of 'dangerous drug' to only cannabis above 0.3% THC (placing low-THC CBD outside the ordinance) — confirm current status. Medical cannabis is one of the world's oldest and largest programs (1990s; Israel Medical Cannabis Agency / Ministry of Health; about 130,000–140,000 patients; a January 2024 reform dropped the 'last resort' requirement). Israel has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Panama

Legal status: Illegal under Ley No. 23 of 1986 (with Law 13/1994) + Penal Code — recreational illegal, NO decrim threshold; small personal 'single dose' = discretionary lighter penalty (Art 320); trafficking 10–15 years
Consequences if caught: MDMA is illegal in Panama under Ley No. 23 of 1986 (consolidated with Law No. 13 of 1994) and the Penal Code. Recreational use is illegal in Panama and there is NO formal decriminalization threshold. Under Penal Code Art 320, where a court or forensic examiner determines the amount is a 'small quantity' for personal consumption (a single dose), penalties are lighter — fines, community service, weekend detention or 2–4 years, or therapeutic measures (dependency plus a small amount leads to rehabilitative rather than custodial measures) — but this is discretionary, not a fixed threshold, and possession remains illegal. Possession for distribution (Art 321) draws 8–12 years; trafficking/import/export/transit (Art 313) 10–15 years; cultivation or manufacture (Art 314) 10–15 years; organized-crime leaders (Art 322) 20–25 years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Recreational drug use is ILLEGAL in Panama and there is NO formal decriminalization threshold — do not treat Panama as 'decriminalized.' Under Penal Code Art 320, where a court or forensic examiner determines that the amount is a 'small quantity' for personal consumption (a single dose), penalties are lighter — fines, community service, weekend detention or 2–4 years, or therapeutic measures; dependency plus a small amount leads to rehabilitative rather than custodial measures. This is discretionary, not a fixed statutory threshold, and possession remains illegal. Possession for distribution (Art 321) draws 8–12 years; trafficking, import, export or transit (Art 313) 10–15 years; cultivation or manufacture (Art 314) 10–15 years; organized-crime leaders (Art 322) 20–25 years. Medical cannabis is legal (Law 242 of 2021, the first in Central America; MINSA-regulated; licensed pharmacies; oils and extracts only, no smokable flower; home cultivation banned; first pharmacy opened in early January 2026), and hemp/CBD of 1% THC or less has been legal since March 2025 (Law 464). Panama has NO death penalty for drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Nigeria

Legal status: Illegal controlled drug under the NDLEA Act (Cap N30, 2004) — possession/use (Secs 11/19) 15–25 years; trafficking up to life; [contested] death-penalty applicability unsettled (2024 Senate amendment reportedly not adopted)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is an illegal controlled drug under Nigeria's NDLEA Act (Cap N30, Laws of the Federation 2004); possession or use (Secs 11/19) draws 15–25 years and trafficking up to life. [contested] death-penalty applicability — confirm current operative penalty: NDLEA Act Sec 11 carries a 'death OR not less than 21 years' penalty for cannabis cultivation, but a 1986 amendment substituted life imprisonment for the 1984 Decree 20 death penalty, and a [contested] May 2024 Senate amendment to introduce/expand the death penalty for drug offenders was reportedly NOT adopted in final harmonization (the House opted for life imprisonment); the current operative penalty is unsettled across 2024–2025 sources.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Hard drugs (cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, MDMA) and cannabis are all illegal under the NDLEA Act (Cap N30, Laws of the Federation 2004). Possession or use of hard drugs (Secs 11/19) draws 15–25 years and trafficking up to life. Cannabis is fully illegal — possession or use 15–25 years, gifting is illegal for both parties, and both medical and recreational cannabis are prohibited (legalization bills in 2020 and 2023 both FAILED in the House of Representatives). [contested] death-penalty applicability — confirm current operative penalty: NDLEA Act Sec 11 carries a 'death OR not less than 21 years' penalty for cannabis cultivation, but a 1986 amendment substituted life imprisonment for the 1984 Decree 20 death penalty, and a [contested] May 2024 Senate amendment to introduce/expand the death penalty for drug offenders was reportedly NOT adopted in final harmonization (the House opted for life imprisonment); the current operative penalty is unsettled across 2024–2025 sources. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Bangladesh

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Bangladesh's authorities (Narcotics Control Act 2018) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Bangladeshi sources (Narcotics Control Act 2018) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. The 2018 Act carries the death penalty or life for 200 g or more of yaba or 25 g or more of heroin/cocaine, with quantity-tiered penalties below those thresholds.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: The Narcotics Control Act 2018 (in force 27 December 2018) carries the DEATH PENALTY or life imprisonment for trading, producing, transporting, storing or using 200 g or more of yaba (methamphetamine/amphetamine) OR 25 g or more of heroin, cocaine or coca-derived narcotics; financing or patronizing drug dealing carries the death penalty as the maximum. Below those thresholds: under 200 g of yaba draws 1–5 years (under 5 g up to 5 years); under 25 g of Category-A narcotics (heroin/cocaine) draws 2–10 years. Cannabis is controlled in a lower category (Article 19 lineage) with penalties from 6 months to life by quantity, but is NOT a capital offence. Yaba/methamphetamine, shisha and khat were newly defined in the 2018 Act, which also introduced a dope-test provision. There is NO medical-cannabis program. The death penalty is current and in force (the last known drug execution was in 2009 per HRI, but the 2018 Act re-armed it). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Pakistan

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Pakistan's authorities (CNSA 1997) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Pakistani sources (Control of Narcotic Substances Act 1997, Sec 9, and the 2022/2023 amended tables) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. CNSA Sec 9 penalties are tiered by quantity (up to 100 g: up to 2 years; 100 g–1 kg: up to 7 years; above 1 kg: death OR life OR up to 14 years; 10 kg or more: not less than life).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Under the Control of Narcotic Substances Act 1997 (CNSA, Sec 9), penalties are tiered by quantity: up to 100 g draws up to 2 years; 100 g to 1 kg up to 7 years; above 1 kg draws death OR life OR up to 14 years plus a fine up to 1 million rupees; 10 kg or more draws not less than life. [narrowed] death-penalty applicability — confirm current applicability per the 2022/2023 amended tables: the death penalty is present in CNSA Sec 9 for top-tier trafficking (above 1 kg: death OR life OR up to 14 years; 10 kg or more: not less than life), but the 2023 amendment REMOVED/narrowed it for certain categories (per legal sources, where death had been stipulated — e.g. 6000 g or more of heroin/morphine or 5000 g or more of cocaine). The 2022 amendment introduced detailed type/quantity tables (Bhang, Charas, Hashish Oil, Opium, Heroin, Cocaine), and charas (hashish) and bhang (cannabis) are explicitly scheduled. Sec 6 has a medical/scientific/industrial exception (not a recreational carve-out); there is NO recreational or formal medical-cannabis program. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Taiwan

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Taiwan's authorities (Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Taiwanese sources (Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act, 毒品危害防制條例) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Category-1 narcotics (heroin/morphine/opium/cocaine) carry death or life for manufacture/transport/sale; Category-2 (cannabis/amphetamines/methamphetamine) carries life or a minimum of 10 years.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: The Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act classifies narcotics into four categories: Category 1 = heroin, morphine, opium, cocaine; Category 2 = cannabis, amphetamines, methamphetamine, coca, opium poppy; Categories 3 and 4 are lower. Manufacturing, transporting or selling Category 1 narcotics carries DEATH or life imprisonment; Category 2 manufacture/transport/sale carries life or a minimum of 10 years plus a fine up to NT$15 million. Possession with intent is heavier for Category 1; Category 2 possession-with-intent is a minimum of 5 years. Simple possession of Category 2 draws up to 2 years, detention or a fine; possessing more than 20 g of pure Category 2 draws 6 months to 5 years. Cannabis is Category 2 (the same class as amphetamines) — illegal, with NO medical-cannabis program (only CBD under 0.001% THC by prescription, imported); cultivation is illegal, including industrial hemp. [de facto] The death penalty is statutorily present for Category-1 manufacture/transport/sale, but all Taiwan executions since about 2000 have been for murder, not drugs. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Hong Kong

Legal status: Dangerous drug (First Schedule) under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134) — possession (Sec 8) up to 7 years + HK$1m; trafficking (Sec 4) up to life + HK$5m; NO death penalty (abolished); no soft/hard tiering
Consequences if caught: MDMA (ecstasy) is a dangerous drug in the single First Schedule of Hong Kong's Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134), with no soft/hard penalty tiering. Possession (Sec 8) carries a maximum of 7 years plus a HK$1 million fine; trafficking (Sec 4) carries a maximum of life imprisonment plus a HK$5 million fine on indictment. Importing or exporting even for personal use counts as trafficking. Hong Kong has NO death penalty (abolished) — the maximum is life. Sentencing within these maxima is quantity-band-driven through case law, not fixed statutory gram thresholds.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: All controlled drugs sit in a single First Schedule under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134) with no soft/hard penalty tiering — cannabis, heroin, cocaine, ice (methamphetamine), ecstasy (MDMA), ketamine and CBD are all 'dangerous drugs.' Trafficking (Sec 4) carries a maximum of life imprisonment plus a HK$5 million fine on indictment (3 years plus HK$500,000 summary); possession (Sec 8) carries a maximum of 7 years plus a HK$1 million fine; possession of a pipe or equipment carries HK$10,000 and 3 years. Cultivation of cannabis or opium poppy is an offence, and importing or exporting (even for personal use) counts as trafficking. CBD was reclassified as a dangerous drug from 1 February 2023 (trafficking CBD = life plus HK$5 million; possession = 7 years plus HK$1 million), and 'space oil' (etomidate) was scheduled in February 2025. There is NO medical-cannabis program. Hong Kong has NO death penalty (abolished) — the maximum is life imprisonment. Sentencing within these maxima is quantity-band-driven through case law rather than fixed statutory gram thresholds. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Venezuela

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Venezuela's authorities (Ley Orgánica de Drogas 2010) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named with a personal-dose limit in the cited Venezuelan sources (Ley Orgánica de Drogas 2010, Arts 131/149/153) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Under Venezuela's Ley Orgánica de Drogas (LOD, 2010), possession of a personal dose for consumption is NOT a crime (Art 131) — not jail, but mandatory rehabilitation/treatment, possible driver's-licence suspension and community service. Illicit possession above the personal dose but not for trafficking (Art 153) draws 1–2 years; trafficking (Art 149) draws 15–25 years (12–18 years where 5000 g or less of cannabis or 1000 g or less of cocaine; 8–12 years where smaller but above the personal dose). Venezuela has NO death penalty (abolished 1863, constitutionally prohibited). The Art 131 personal-dose limits are stated for cannabis (20 g) and cocaine (2 g); no statutory personal-dose amount is given for other substances.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Personal-use possession is NOT a crime in Venezuela: under Ley Orgánica de Drogas (LOD) Art 131, possession of a personal dose for consumption is not an offence. The personal-dose limits (Art 131) are up to 20 g of cannabis or 2 g of cocaine (and 5 g or less of 'genetically modified marijuana'); a person within those limits is not jailed but is subject to mandatory rehabilitation/treatment, possible driver's-licence suspension and community service. Illicit possession above the personal dose but not for trafficking (Art 153) draws 1–2 years. Trafficking (Art 149) draws 15–25 years; where the quantity is 5000 g or less of cannabis or 1000 g or less of cocaine, 12–18 years; where smaller but above the personal dose, 8–12 years; cultivation for trafficking up to 18 years. All cannabis use — recreational and medical — is illegal: there is NO medical-cannabis program, CBD/hemp is illegal, and only limited scientific-research licences exist. Venezuela has NO death penalty (abolished 1863, constitutionally prohibited). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Guatemala

Legal status: Illegal under the Ley contra la Narcoactividad (Decreto 48-92) — no personal-use carve-out; possession 4 months–2 years (Art 39), trafficking 12–20 years (Art 38); no fixed statutory quantity (judicial discretion); death penalty only where the offence causes death (Art 52), NOT quantity-based
Consequences if caught: MDMA is illegal under Guatemala's Ley contra la Narcoactividad (Decreto 48-92, 1992), with no personal-use carve-out. Guatemala has NOT decriminalized any drug (Ley contra la Narcoactividad, Decreto 48-92): there are no drug-specific quantity thresholds — a judge decides personal use versus trafficking case-by-case ('reasonable quantity for immediate consumption', Art 39), so there is no fixed statutory quantity. Personal-use possession (Art 39) draws 4 months–2 years plus a Q200–10,000 fine; trafficking, commerce or storage (Art 38) draws 12–20 years plus a Q50,000–1,000,000 fine; cultivation or manufacture up to about 20–25 years. The death penalty (Art 52) applies ONLY where a drug offence under this law results in the death of one or more persons (death or 30 years depending on circumstances) — there is NO quantity-based trafficking death penalty.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Guatemala has NOT decriminalized any drug: under the Ley contra la Narcoactividad (Decreto 48-92, 1992) there are no drug-specific quantity thresholds — a judge decides personal use versus trafficking case-by-case ('reasonable quantity for immediate consumption', Art 39). Personal-use possession (Art 39) draws 4 months–2 years in prison plus a Q200–10,000 fine. Trafficking, commerce or storage (Art 38) draws 12–20 years plus a Q50,000–1,000,000 fine, and cultivation or manufacture up to about 20–25 years. Death penalty (Art 52): it applies ONLY where a drug offence under this law results in the death of one or more persons (death or 30 years depending on circumstances) — there is NO quantity-based trafficking death penalty. There is no medical cannabis (a 2016 bill was rejected), and extradition to the US is possible (1940 treaty). No fixed statutory quantity exists for any drug — the personal-versus-trafficking line is judicial discretion. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Nepal

Legal status: MDMA controlled under the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 — trafficking punishable up to life; no specific possession tier stated in the cited facts (no fixed statutory quantity asserted); NO death penalty (max life)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a controlled drug under Nepal's Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 (1976 AD, amended through 1998); trafficking is punishable up to life imprisonment. The cited facts state it is controlled with trafficking up to life but do NOT give a specific possession-quantity tier for it — no fixed statutory possession quantity is asserted here. Nepal has NO death penalty (the maximum is life).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Nepal has NO death penalty — the maximum drug penalty is life imprisonment (jiban kaidi), under the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 (1976 AD, amended through 1998). Historically cannabis was legal through government shops until 1973; a cannabis-legalization bill is currently tabled but NOT enacted (proposed, not law). Cannabis consumption draws up to 1 month or an NPR 2,000 fine (first-time minor offenders may be released on a bond, and there is no punishment for a person in recognized treatment, Sec 19A). Cannabis possession is tiered: 50 g or less up to 3 months; 50–500 g up to 1 year; 500 g–2 kg up to 2 years; 2–10 kg up to 3 years; 10 kg or more 2–10 years plus a fine (a reported personal-use line is about 5 g cannabis / 2 g hashish). Heroin and cocaine: 5 g or less 2–5 years; 5–100 g 5–10 years; over 100 g or any trafficking 10 years to life plus an NPR 500,000–2,500,000 fine. Cultivation: 25 plants or fewer up to 3 months; more than 25 plants 3 months–3 years. Other hard drugs (methamphetamine/'yaba', MDMA, LSD) are controlled, with trafficking punishable up to life. Foreigners face the same law, no bail, and deportation after sentence. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Romania

Legal status: High-risk drug under Law No. 143/2000 — personal-use possession 6 months–3 years; trafficking (Art 2) 10–20 years; import/export (Art 3) 10–20 years; if distribution causes death 15–25 years; drug use per se not criminalized; no death penalty (EU)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a 'high-risk drug' under Romania's Law No. 143/2000 (amended 2014 and 2023). Possession for personal use draws 6 months–3 years (drug use in itself is not criminalized — only possession), with treatment/community-service alternatives. Trafficking (Art 2) draws 10–20 years and import/export (Art 3) 10–20 years; if distribution causes death, 15–25 years. Romania (EU) has no death penalty.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Romania (an EU member with no death penalty) splits controlled drugs into 'risk drugs' (the cannabis plant, resin and oil) and 'high-risk drugs' (heroin, cocaine, MDMA, ketamine and isolated THC) under Law No. 143/2000 (amended 2014 via the new Penal Code, and 2023). Drug USE in itself is not criminalized — only possession. Possession for personal use draws 3 months–2 years or a fine for risk drugs, and 6 months–3 years for high-risk drugs, with treatment and community-service alternatives ('therapeutic justice'). Trafficking (Art 2) draws 3–15 years for risk drugs and 10–20 years for high-risk; import/export (Art 3) 10–20 years for high-risk, with international trafficking up to 7–20 years; if distribution causes death, 15–25 years. Note the THC-versus-plant split: the cannabis plant is a 'risk drug', but isolated THC is a 'high-risk drug'. Medical cannabis exists on paper but barely functions, and CBD is legal under tight THC limits. [rejected] A 2023 bill to decriminalize possession of 3 g or less of cannabis was rejected by the Senate (not law). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Slovakia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Act 300/2005) — possession (Sec 171) up to 3 years (≤3 doses) / up to 5 years (≤10 doses); above 10 doses charged as trafficking (Sec 172) 3–10 years, aggravated up to 20–25 years (max life); thresholds are dose-multiples, NOT grams; no death penalty (EU)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a controlled drug under Slovakia's Criminal Code (Act No. 300/2005 Coll.; schedules under Act No. 139/1998 Coll.). In Slovakia (EU, no death penalty), drug use in itself is not the offence — possession is, and the thresholds are DOSE-MULTIPLES, not grams (Criminal Code, Act No. 300/2005 Coll.). Possession (Sec 171) draws up to 3 years for an amount up to three times a usual single dose, and up to 5 years for up to ten times a single dose; any amount above ten doses must be charged as trafficking under Sec 172. Trafficking (Sec 172) draws 3–10 years at base, 10–15 years for larger or aggravated cases, and up to 20–25 years in the gravest cases (the overall maximum is life); import or export is treated as aggravated trafficking. These dose-multiple thresholds are not convertible to fixed grams.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Slovakia (an EU member with no death penalty) is unusually punitive for the EU on possession. Under the Criminal Code (Act No. 300/2005 Coll.), drug use in itself is not the offence — possession is; the thresholds are DOSE-MULTIPLES, not grams (cannabis is Schedule I under Act No. 139/1998 Coll.). Possession (Sec 171) draws up to 3 years for an amount up to three times a usual single dose, and up to 5 years for up to ten times a single dose; any amount above ten doses must be charged as trafficking under Sec 172. Trafficking (Sec 172) draws 3–10 years at base, 10–15 years for larger or aggravated cases, and up to 20–25 years in the gravest aggravated cases (the overall maximum is life); import or export is treated as aggravated trafficking. Since 2023, CBD-rich medical cannabis preparations are permitted, but recreational cannabis is fully criminal. These dose-multiple thresholds are not convertible to fixed grams. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Trinidad and Tobago

Legal status: Fully prohibited under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Chap. 11:25, as amended 2019) — trafficking heavy fines + up to life; the cannabis 2019 decriminalization does NOT apply; no death penalty (max life)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is fully prohibited under Trinidad and Tobago's Dangerous Drugs Act (Chap. 11:25), as amended by Act No. 24 of 2019; trafficking is punishable by heavy fines and up to life imprisonment (the 2019 Act created or raised penalties for ketamine, LSD and MDMA). The 2019 cannabis decriminalization (up to 30 g / 5 g resin / 4 plants) does NOT extend to MDMA. There is no death penalty — the maximum is life.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Trinidad and Tobago (no death penalty; maximum life) partly decriminalized cannabis in 2019 under the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act No. 24 of 2019 (in force 23 December 2019), amending the Dangerous Drugs Act (Chap. 11:25). Adults may possess up to 30 g of cannabis or up to 5 g of cannabis resin with no criminal penalty, cultivate up to 4 plants per household, and use in private (not in public and not around children). Possession of 30–60 g of cannabis (with proportionate resin) draws a fixed-penalty fine of up to TTD 50,000 with no record if paid. Possession of more than 100 g of cannabis or more than 14 g of resin draws TTD 250,000 plus 5 years (summary) or TTD 1,000,000 plus 15 years (on indictment). Cultivating more than 4 plants draws TTD 750,000 plus 10 years (summary) or up to life (indictment). Selling or trafficking cannabis draws up to TTD 3,000,000 (or ten times street value) plus long imprisonment, and an offence within 500 m of a school is a trafficking offence punishable up to life. Public cannabis use draws a fine up to TTD 50,000, and drug-driving TTD 250,000 plus 5 years. Hard drugs (heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, LSD, ketamine) remain fully prohibited — the 2019 Act created or raised penalties for ketamine, LSD and MDMA — with trafficking punishable by heavy fines and up to life. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Ukraine

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Arts 307/309) — personal-use small amount administrative (Art 44 CAO), above 'small' criminal (Art 309); trafficking (Art 307) 4–12 years; MoH-188 small-quantity thresholds very low (no specific figure stated; no fixed statutory quantity asserted); no death penalty (abolished 2000)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a controlled drug in Ukraine. Ukraine (death penalty abolished 2000) handles drugs under the Criminal Code (Arts 305/307/309/310), the Code of Administrative Offenses (Art 44) and Ministry of Health Order No. 188, whose small/large/especially-large quantity thresholds are very low (trace amounts have triggered Art 309). Drug use itself (other than in public) is not criminal. A personal-use small amount (Art 44 of the Code of Administrative Offenses) is administrative — a fine of 25–50 tax-free minimum incomes, 20–60 hours of community service, or administrative arrest up to 15 days. Above 'small', personal use (Art 309) is criminal (a fine, correctional labour up to 2 years, or restriction of liberty up to 5 years; aggravated or large up to 3 years; involving minors up to 8 years). Trafficking or sale (Art 307) draws 4–12 years plus property forfeiture; smuggling (Art 305) 5–8 years (up to 8–10 years aggravated). The cited facts do not give a specific small-quantity figure for MDMA (the MoH Order No. 188 thresholds are reported very low) — no fixed statutory quantity is asserted here.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Ukraine abolished the death penalty in 2000 (a Council of Europe condition); the framework is the Criminal Code (Arts 305/307/309/310), the Code of Administrative Offenses (Art 44), and Ministry of Health Order No. 188 (2000, as amended), which defines small, large and especially-large quantities — and these thresholds are very low (trace amounts have triggered Art 309). Drug use itself (other than in public) is not criminal. A personal-use small amount (Art 44 of the Code of Administrative Offenses) is an administrative matter: a fine of 25–50 tax-free minimum incomes, 20–60 hours of community service, or administrative arrest up to 15 days. Above 'small', personal use (Art 309) is criminal: a fine, correctional labour up to 2 years, or restriction of liberty up to 5 years; aggravated or large up to 3 years; involving minors up to 8 years. Trafficking or sale (Art 307) draws 4–12 years plus property forfeiture; smuggling (Art 305) 5–8 years, up to 8–10 years aggravated. For cannabis, the administrative-versus-criminal line is 5 grams (above 5 g is criminal under Art 309); cultivation of 10 or fewer cannabis plants without intent to sell is effectively decriminalized or fined, while Art 310 makes 100–500 opium-poppy plants or 10–50 cannabis plants criminal. The 2023 Law on Medical Cannabis legalized regulated MEDICAL cannabis only (drops, capsules, pastes, gels) and did NOT change the recreational criminal framework. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Bahrain

Legal status: Prohibited under Law 15 of 2007 (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances) — possession/use criminal; trafficking death-eligible OR imprisonment + civil disqualification 3–15 years; no fixed statutory quantity (discretionary); [retained; drug death sentences imposed but not carried out — commonly commuted]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Bahrain under Law 15 of 2007 on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. In Bahrain (Law 15 of 2007 on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, with the Penal Code, Law 15 of 1976, and Sharia influence), all drugs are prohibited and possession or use is criminal. Serious crimes including trafficking carry capital punishment OR imprisonment plus civil disqualification of 3–15 years, with wide judicial sentencing discretion and no fixed statutory gram thresholds (discretionary). [retained; drug death sentences imposed but not carried out — commonly commuted] The death penalty is available for drug trafficking and courts have handed down drug death sentences (e.g. a 2019 smuggling case), but executions for drugs have NOT been carried out — most are commuted. Expatriates face deportation.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: All drugs (cannabis/hashish, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA) are prohibited in Bahrain under Law 15 of 2007 on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, with the Penal Code (Law 15 of 1976) and Sharia influence; possession and use are criminal and there is no medical cannabis. Serious crimes including trafficking carry capital punishment OR imprisonment plus civil disqualification of 3–15 years, with wide judicial sentencing discretion and no fixed statutory gram thresholds (discretionary). [retained; drug death sentences imposed but not carried out — commonly commuted] The death penalty is available for drug trafficking and courts have handed down drug death sentences (e.g. a 2019 smuggling case), but executions for drugs have NOT been carried out — most are commuted. Expatriates face deportation. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Brunei

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Brunei's authorities (Misuse of Drugs Act, Cap 27) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Bruneian sources (Misuse of Drugs Act, Chapter 27, Secs 6/8/15 and Second Schedule) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Brunei imposes a MANDATORY death penalty for trafficking above named capital thresholds (heroin/morphine 15 g, cocaine 30 g, methamphetamine 50 g, cannabis 500 g, opium 1.2 kg); all drugs are prohibited and caning attaches.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Brunei imposes a MANDATORY death penalty for drug trafficking under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Chapter 27, Revised Edition 2001; death penalty added December 1982; amended 2013), administered by the Narcotics Control Bureau. Possession above the named capital thresholds is presumed to be trafficking (Sec 15): more than 15 g of heroin/morphine, more than 30 g of cocaine, more than 50 g of methamphetamine, more than 500 g of cannabis, or more than 1.2 kg of opium. Separately, a 2013 amendment sets a LOWER cannabis trafficking-PRESUMPTION trigger at more than 15 g of cannabis or more than 10 g of resin — this is the trafficking-presumption trigger, NOT the death threshold (which remains more than 500 g of cannabis); do not conflate them. A keys-to-premises or keys-to-vehicle possession presumption also applies. Possession or consumption (Sec 6) of cannabis draws up to 10 years and/or a fine of about US$20,000 (documented cases reached about 20 years plus caning before a death sentence). Cultivation (Sec 8) draws 3–20 years plus a fine, and caning attaches. All drugs are prohibited; there is no medical or recreational cannabis, and CBD is not assumed legal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Iran

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Iran's authorities (Anti-Narcotics Law of 1988, amended 2017) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Iranian sources (Anti-Narcotics Law of 1988, amended 2017) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. Iran retains and ACTIVELY enforces the death penalty for drugs under the Anti-Narcotics Law of 1988 (amended 1997, 2011 and 2017). The 2017 amendment RAISED the thresholds: death now applies to trafficking, producing, distributing or selling more than 2 kg of heroin, morphine, cocaine or synthetic drugs, or more than 50 kg of opium, cannabis or bhang, plus possession, purchase or concealment of more than 3 kg of synthetics. Death also applies REGARDLESS of quantity for armed offenders, cartel ringleaders, financiers, those using minors or the mentally ill, and repeat offenders previously sentenced to death, life or 15+ years. Possession and use are criminal, and compulsory treatment exists. [retained and actively enforced — world's leading drug executioner] At least 503 drug-related executions occurred in 2024 (471 in 2023), roughly half of all executions, by hanging (US Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor, corroborated by Harm Reduction International and Amnesty International).
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: Iran retains and ACTIVELY enforces the death penalty for drugs under the Anti-Narcotics Law of 1988 (amended 1997, 2011 and 2017; Art 45 renumbered Art 46, in force 14 November 2017). The 2017 amendment RAISED the thresholds (previously more than 30 g of heroin/cocaine or more than 5 kg of opium/cannabis): death now applies to trafficking, producing, distributing or selling more than 2 kg of heroin, morphine, cocaine or synthetic drugs, or more than 50 kg of opium, cannabis or bhang, plus possession, purchase or concealment of more than 3 kg of synthetics. Death also applies REGARDLESS of quantity for armed offenders, cartel ringleaders, financiers, those using minors or the mentally ill, and repeat offenders previously sentenced to death, life or 15+ years. Cannabis (bhang/hashish) is included at the 50 kg threshold. Possession and use are criminal, and compulsory treatment exists. [retained and actively enforced — world's leading drug executioner] At least 503 drug-related executions occurred in 2024 (471 in 2023), roughly half of all executions, by hanging (US Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor, corroborated by Harm Reduction International and Amnesty International). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Laos

Legal status: MDMA (ecstasy) controlled under the Lao Penal Code (Art 146) — DEATH above 3 kg (amphetamines/methamphetamine/ecstasy/psychotropics); personal use <0.3 g treated as a victim, 0.3–3 g 1–5 years; [retained; abolitionist in practice — no executions since 1989]
Consequences if caught: MDMA (ecstasy) is controlled under the Lao Penal Code (2017, Art 146; Law on Narcotics No. 22/NA of 2012). Death applies to producing, distributing, possessing or transporting more than 3,000 g (3 kg) of amphetamines, methamphetamine, ecstasy or other psychotropics. Personal-use possession is graduated: less than 0.3 g is treated as a victim needing treatment, and 0.3–3 g draws 1–5 years. [retained; abolitionist in practice — no executions since 1989, routine commutation] The death penalty is retained for drugs (Penal Code Art 146), and some sources describe it as MANDATORY above the thresholds [reported], but NO executions have been carried out since 1989 and commutation is routine (e.g. the Orobator case, where a pregnant defendant caught with 680 g of heroin received life, not death).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Laos (a Golden Triangle state where about 90% of death-row sentences are drug-related, with roughly 315 people on death row) retains the death penalty for drugs under the Lao Penal Code (2017, Art 146, consolidating the earlier Penal Law and the Law on Narcotics No. 22/NA of 2012). Death applies to producing, distributing, possessing or transporting more than 500 g of heroin, morphine or cocaine; more than 3,000 g (3 kg) of amphetamines, methamphetamine, ecstasy or other psychotropics; or more than 10,000 g of drug precursors. Some sources describe the death penalty as MANDATORY above these thresholds [reported], but it is abolitionist in practice — NO executions have been carried out since 1989, and commutation is routine (e.g. the Orobator case, where a pregnant defendant caught with 680 g of heroin received life, not death). Personal-use possession is graduated: for heroin, morphine or cocaine, less than 0.2 g is treated as a victim needing treatment and 0.2–2 g draws 2–10 years plus a fine; for methamphetamine or ecstasy, less than 0.3 g is treated as a victim and 0.3–3 g draws 1–5 years; using a marijuana-smoking service draws 3 months–5 years. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Myanmar

Legal status: Prohibited under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 — production/distribution/sale/import/export (Sec 20) 15 years to unlimited OR death; possession/trafficking for sale (Sec 19) 10 years to unlimited; [retained; death available but largely not enforced — mass commutation 2014]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Myanmar under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 (Law No. 1/93). Production, distribution, sale, import or export (Sec 20) draws a minimum of 15 years to unlimited imprisonment OR death; possession or trafficking for sale (Sec 19) draws 10 years to unlimited; cultivation, processing or transport (Sec 16) draws 5–10 years plus a fine. [retained; death available for trafficking but largely not enforced — mass commutation 2014] The death penalty is available for trafficking (Sec 20), but it is largely not enforced: President Thein Sein commuted all death sentences to life in January 2014, and drug executions are not a current practice (Myanmar resumed some executions in July 2022, but for political prisoners, NOT drugs).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: Myanmar (a Golden Triangle state and a top opium and methamphetamine source) controls drugs under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law 1993 (SLORC Law No. 1/93, in force 27 January 1993), administered by the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control. Production, distribution, sale, import or export (Sec 20) draws a minimum of 15 years to unlimited imprisonment OR death; possession or trafficking for sale (Sec 19) draws 10 years to unlimited; cultivation, processing or transport (Sec 16) draws 5–10 years plus a fine. A 'limitation of weight' deems possession at or above set amounts to be possession-for-sale (trafficking): 3 g of heroin, 3 g of morphine, 3 g of monoacetylmorphine (with combined thresholds). For cannabis, user possession draws 3–5 years plus mandatory treatment; 2–75 g is treated as possession with intent to sell; distribution, sale, import or export draws 15 years to unlimited and is death-eligible; cultivation draws 5–10 years. [retained; death available for trafficking but largely not enforced — mass commutation 2014] The death penalty is available for trafficking (Sec 20), but it is largely not enforced: President Thein Sein commuted all death sentences to life in January 2014, and drug executions are not a current practice (Myanmar resumed some executions in July 2022, but for political prisoners, NOT drugs). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Oman

Legal status: Not confirmed — status not individually verified; confirm with Oman's authorities (Royal Decree 17/99 as amended) / your embassy
Consequences if caught: This specific substance was not named in the cited Omani sources (Royal Decree 17/99, amended by RD 34/2015 and RD 24/2023, Arts 43/44) — do NOT assume it is permitted; verify before travel. In Oman (Law on Combating Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, Royal Decree 17/99, amended by Royal Decree 34/2015 and Royal Decree 24/2023), all drugs are prohibited. The death penalty (Art 43) applies as death OR life plus a fine over OMR 25,000 for dealers, peddlers and smugglers; death for anyone connected to international drug-trafficking gangs; and death OR life for producing, importing or exporting. The 2015 amendment removed the prior 50 kg quantity threshold, so the death penalty is no longer tied to a specified quantity — there is no fixed statutory quantity (discretionary). Possession or use is criminal: refusing a sample for abuse detection draws 3 years plus an OMR 1,000 fine, and providing or channeling drugs to users draws 10 years plus an OMR 15,000 fine (Art 44/4). Expatriates face deportation. [retained; death sentences handed down; no fixed quantity threshold since 2015] Death sentences have been handed down for drugs (about 5 drug death verdicts in the 15 years to roughly 2015), a real applied penalty though execution numbers are low.
If prescribed / medical: If a controlled medicine, carry the prescription and confirm with your embassy (see documentation).
Documentation: All drugs (heroin — the most-seized — cocaine, methamphetamine, cannabis) are prohibited in Oman under the Law on Combating Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances (Royal Decree 17/99, in force 6 April 1999, amended by Royal Decree 34/2015 and Royal Decree 24/2023); there is no medical cannabis. The death penalty (Art 43) applies as death OR life plus a fine over OMR 25,000 for dealers, peddlers and smugglers; death for anyone connected to international drug-trafficking gangs; and death OR life for producing, importing or exporting. The 2015 amendment removed the prior 50 kg quantity threshold, so the death penalty is no longer tied to a specified quantity — there is no fixed statutory quantity (discretionary). Possession or use is criminal: refusing a sample for abuse detection draws 3 years plus an OMR 1,000 fine, and providing or channeling drugs to users draws 10 years plus an OMR 15,000 fine (Art 44/4). Expatriates face deportation. [retained; death sentences handed down; no fixed quantity threshold since 2015] Death sentences have been handed down for drugs (about 5 drug death verdicts in the 15 years to roughly 2015), a real applied penalty though execution numbers are low. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Bulgaria

Legal status: High-risk drug under the Penal Code (Art 354a) + ZKNVP — possession 1–6 years + fine (insignificant quantity may draw a fine up to ~1,000 leva but still a criminal conviction); trafficking 2–8 years, up to 15 years aggravated; no death penalty (abolished 1998)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is a high-risk drug under Bulgaria's Penal Code (Arts 354a/354b/354c) and the ZKNVP. In Bulgaria (EU; death penalty abolished 1998), drugs are split into high-risk and moderate-risk under the Penal Code (Arts 354a/354b/354c) and the Law on Control of Narcotic Substances and Precursors (ZKNVP). Possession is not subject to a formal personal-use threshold: Art 354a(5) lets a judge impose a fine up to about 1,000 leva (about €511) for insignificant quantities, but it remains a criminal conviction. Standard possession of high-risk drugs draws 1–6 years plus a 2,000–10,000 leva fine; moderate-risk up to 5 years. Trafficking (Art 354a) draws 2–8 years for high-risk and 1–6 years for moderate-risk, rising to up to 15 years for aggravated or particularly large amounts. Cultivation of opium poppy, coca or cannabis (Art 354c) is prohibited.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Bulgaria (EU; death penalty abolished 1998), drugs are split into high-risk and moderate-risk under the Penal Code (Arts 354a/354b/354c) and the Law on Control of Narcotic Substances and Precursors (ZKNVP). Possession is not subject to a formal personal-use threshold: Art 354a(5) lets a judge impose a fine up to about 1,000 leva (about €511) for insignificant quantities, but it remains a criminal conviction. Standard possession of high-risk drugs draws 1–6 years plus a 2,000–10,000 leva fine; moderate-risk up to 5 years. Trafficking (Art 354a) draws 2–8 years for high-risk and 1–6 years for moderate-risk, rising to up to 15 years for aggravated or particularly large amounts. Cultivation of opium poppy, coca or cannabis (Art 354c) is prohibited. Cannabis is Schedule I — illegal for both recreational and medical use, with no personal-use carve-out. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Lithuania

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code — possession without intent to distribute (Art 259) up to 2 years; distribution/production (Art 260) 2–12 years, particularly large quantity 5–15 years; cannabis Schedule I; no death penalty (EU)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Lithuania under the Criminal Code (Arts 259/260) and the Law on Control of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances. In Lithuania (EU; no death penalty), the Criminal Code distinguishes possession without intent to distribute (Art 259) from production or distribution (Art 260). Possession without intent to distribute (Art 259) draws up to 2 years (a fine, restriction of liberty, arrest or imprisonment). [reported] Since 2017 administrative liability for personal-use possession was abolished, making it criminal-only, though a 2017 amendment introduced a narrow administrative path for very small first-time amounts that is applied inconsistently. Distribution or production (Art 260) draws 2–12 years, rising to 5–15 years for a particularly large quantity; import or export is treated as aggravated trafficking under Art 260. Lithuania is noted as unusually punitive, and cannabis is Schedule I.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Lithuania (EU; no death penalty), the Criminal Code (Baudžiamasis kodeksas) distinguishes possession without intent to distribute (Art 259) from production or distribution (Art 260). Possession without intent to distribute (Art 259) draws up to 2 years (a fine, restriction of liberty, arrest or imprisonment). [reported] Since 2017 administrative liability for personal-use possession was abolished, making it criminal-only, though a 2017 amendment introduced a narrow administrative path for very small first-time amounts that is applied inconsistently. Distribution or production (Art 260) draws 2–12 years, rising to 5–15 years for a particularly large quantity; import or export is treated as aggravated trafficking under Art 260. Lithuania is noted as unusually punitive, and cannabis is Schedule I. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Estonia

Legal status: Controlled under the NDPSA (1997) + Penal Code — small-quantity possession/consumption a misdemeanour (§183: fine up to ~€2,400 or detention ≤30 days); handling not solely for personal use (§184) up to 3 years, to 6–20 years or life by quantity; no death penalty (EU)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Estonia under the Act on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors (NDPSA, 1997) and the Penal Code. In Estonia (EU; no death penalty), small-quantity possession or consumption without a prescription is a MISDEMEANOUR under Penal Code §183 — a fine (currently up to about €2,400, '200 fine units') or detention up to 30 days (the cannabis personal-use line is about 7.5 g). Any handling deemed not solely for personal use — manufacture, acquisition, storage, transport or supply — is CRIMINAL under §184: up to 3 years for the smallest quantities, and 6–20 years or life by quantity and aggravation. This is under the Act on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors (NDPSA, 1997).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Estonia (EU; no death penalty), small-quantity possession or consumption without a prescription is a MISDEMEANOUR under Penal Code §183 — a fine (currently up to about €2,400, '200 fine units') or detention up to 30 days (the cannabis personal-use line is about 7.5 g). Any handling deemed not solely for personal use — manufacture, acquisition, storage, transport or supply — is CRIMINAL under §184: up to 3 years for the smallest quantities, and 6–20 years or life by quantity and aggravation. This is under the Act on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors (NDPSA, 1997). Cannabis is illegal for recreational use; medical cannabis has been available since 2005 but only as synthetic-cannabinoid-based medicines approved case-by-case (no flower program), and CBD under 0.3% THC is legal. [proposed] A January 2026 Ministry of Justice draft would raise the 'large quantity' line from 10 to 30 doses and steer users to treatment — NOT enacted; possession would still be a fineable misdemeanour. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Latvia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Law (Secs 253/253.1/253.2) — small-amount personal use administrative (warning or fine up to ~€280; repeat within 12 months criminal); larger personal amount up to 3 years (5 if substantial harm); trafficking 2–8 years, to 5–15 years large/organized; no death penalty (EU)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Latvia under the Criminal Law (Sections 253/253.1/253.2). In Latvia (EU; no death penalty), small-amount possession, use or acquisition for personal use is ADMINISTRATIVE — a warning or fine up to about €280; a repeat within 12 months is CRIMINAL (15 days–3 months, community service or a fine). A larger personal-use amount is criminal, up to 3 years (or 5 years if it caused substantial harm). Trafficking of any quantity (Criminal Law Sec 253) draws 2–8 years; 3–10 years if committed by a group; 5–15 years if a large quantity or organized; up to 15 years for organized-group production or trafficking. Cultivation is criminal (Sec 253.1).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Latvia (EU; no death penalty), small-amount possession, use or acquisition for personal use is ADMINISTRATIVE — a warning or fine up to about €280; a repeat within 12 months is CRIMINAL (15 days–3 months, community service or a fine). A larger personal-use amount is criminal, up to 3 years (or 5 years if it caused substantial harm). Trafficking of any quantity (Criminal Law Sec 253) draws 2–8 years; 3–10 years if committed by a group; 5–15 years if a large quantity or organized; up to 15 years for organized-group production or trafficking. Cultivation is criminal (Sec 253.1). Latvia has no medical cannabis program (foreign medical-marijuana cards are not honored), though industrial hemp is allowed. [proposed] A January 2026 Saeima bill would remove criminal liability for drug USE by minors (purchase and possession would still be criminal) — NOT yet enacted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Slovenia

Legal status: Controlled (illicit, classified by Decree) — possession for personal use a minor offence (ZPPPD Art 33: fine ~€42–209); trafficking/manufacture (KZ-1 Art 186) 1–10 years, 3–15 aggravated; facilitating consumption (Art 187) 6 months–12 years; no death penalty (EU)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is an illicit controlled drug in Slovenia, classified by the Decree on Classification of Illicit Drugs. In Slovenia (EU; no death penalty), possession for personal use is a MINOR OFFENCE under the Production of and Trade in Illicit Drugs Act (ZPPPD, Art 33) — a fine of about €42–209, lighter or remitted if the person enters approved treatment. Trafficking or manufacture (Criminal Code KZ-1 Art 186) draws 1–10 years, rising to 3–15 years when aggravated (organized, or involving minors or vulnerable persons); facilitating consumption (Art 187) draws 6 months–12 years. Illicit drugs are classified in three categories by the Decree on Classification of Illicit Drugs.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Slovenia (EU; no death penalty), possession for personal use is a MINOR OFFENCE under the Production of and Trade in Illicit Drugs Act (ZPPPD, Art 33) — a fine of about €42–209, lighter or remitted if the person enters approved treatment. Trafficking or manufacture (Criminal Code KZ-1 Art 186) draws 1–10 years, rising to 3–15 years when aggravated (organized, or involving minors or vulnerable persons); facilitating consumption (Art 187) draws 6 months–12 years. Illicit drugs are classified in three categories by the Decree on Classification of Illicit Drugs. Certain cannabis-based medicines are permitted (limited; no flower program). [referendum] A 9 June 2024 consultative referendum narrowly favored allowing cultivation and possession for limited personal use (about 51.6% in favor) and a bill followed — NOT yet enacted law. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Serbia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Arts 246/246a/247) + Law on Psychoactive Controlled Substances — drug use itself not criminal; small-amount possession (Art 246a para 1) fine or up to 3 years ('small quantity' NOT numerically defined); large quantity (para 2) 3–10 years; production/sale (Art 246) 3–12 years, ≥10 organized; no death penalty (abolished 2002)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Serbia under the Criminal Code (Arts 246/246a/247) and the Law on Psychoactive Controlled Substances. In Serbia (an EU candidate and Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished 2002), drug USE itself is not a criminal offence. Possession of a small amount for one's own use (Criminal Code Art 246a para 1) draws a fine or up to 3 years, and punishment may be remitted in minor cases; 'small quantity' is NOT numerically defined in law (no fixed statutory quantity). Possession of a large quantity (Art 246a para 2) draws 3–10 years. Production, circulation or sale (Art 246) draws 3–12 years, 5–15 years if committed by a group, and at least 10 years if by an organized group; cultivation of opium poppy or psychoactive hemp (Art 246) draws 6 months–5 years; facilitating the taking of narcotics is an offence under Art 247.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Serbia (an EU candidate and Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished 2002), drug USE itself is not a criminal offence. Possession of a small amount for one's own use (Criminal Code Art 246a para 1) draws a fine or up to 3 years, and punishment may be remitted in minor cases; 'small quantity' is NOT numerically defined in law (no fixed statutory quantity). Possession of a large quantity (Art 246a para 2) draws 3–10 years. Production, circulation or sale (Art 246) draws 3–12 years, 5–15 years if committed by a group, and at least 10 years if by an organized group; cultivation of opium poppy or psychoactive hemp (Art 246) draws 6 months–5 years; facilitating the taking of narcotics is an offence under Art 247. Cannabis is illicit; no cannabis-based medicines are currently registered for medical use, and industrial hemp is allowed only under authorization (0.3% THC). [reported] The personal-possession offence may revert to a misdemeanour under the Law on Peace and Order — reported at an EUDA meeting, not enacted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Iraq

Legal status: Prohibited under Law No. 50 of 2017 — importing/exporting/producing/cultivating/trafficking punishable by DEATH or life (Arts 27/28); possession/personal use 1–3 years + fine (up to 15 years); no fixed statutory quantity (keys on the act); [retained and actively enforced — 144 drug death sentences in 2024]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Iraq under the Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Law No. 50 of 2017. In Iraq (Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Law No. 50 of 2017), importing, exporting, producing, cultivating or trafficking narcotic substances is punishable by DEATH or life imprisonment (Art 27/First, Art 28); operating a drug den draws life (Penal Code Art 288). Possession for personal use draws 1–3 years plus a 5–10 million IQD fine (up to 15 years per the US State Department). The death penalty keys on the ACT (trafficking/production/cultivation), not a fixed statutory quantity — there is no fixed gram threshold. [retained and actively enforced] Iraq actively enforces the drug death penalty — 144 drug-trafficking death sentences were issued in 2024 (per the US State Department and Iraqi court statements reported by 964media and The New Region).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Iraq (Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Law No. 50 of 2017), importing, exporting, producing, cultivating or trafficking narcotic substances is punishable by DEATH or life imprisonment (Art 27/First, Art 28); operating a drug den draws life (Penal Code Art 288). Possession for personal use draws 1–3 years plus a 5–10 million IQD fine (up to 15 years per the US State Department). The death penalty keys on the ACT, not a fixed statutory quantity — there is no fixed gram threshold; there is no medical cannabis. [retained and actively enforced] Iraq actively enforces the drug death penalty — 144 drug-trafficking death sentences were issued in 2024 (per the US State Department and Iraqi court statements reported by 964media and The New Region). Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Jordan

Legal status: Prohibited under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 23 of 2016 — general trafficking 1–12 years (up to 25 aggravated); possession/personal use ~3 months–2 years + fine; death penalty NARROW (international-gang collaboration only; 2006 amendment cut general drug DP to life); [executions rare]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Jordan under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 23 of 2016. In Jordan (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 23 of 2016), general trafficking draws 1–12 years, rising to up to 25 years in aggravating circumstances; possession for personal use (a small or first-time amount) draws about 3 months–2 years plus a 1,000–3,000 JOD fine. The death penalty is narrow — reserved for collaborating with international narcotics gangs (the 2006 amendment cut the general drug-crime death penalty to life). [retained for the international-gang offence; executions rare] The death penalty is NARROW — reserved for the crime of collaborating with international gangs dealing in narcotics; a 2006 amendment to the prior 1988 law had already reduced the general drug-crime death penalty to life. Do not expect a general-trafficking death penalty.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Jordan (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 23 of 2016), general trafficking draws 1–12 years, rising to up to 25 years in aggravating circumstances; possession for personal use (a small or first-time amount) draws about 3 months–2 years plus a 1,000–3,000 JOD fine. There is no medical cannabis. [retained for the international-gang offence; executions rare] The death penalty is NARROW — reserved for the crime of collaborating with international gangs dealing in narcotics; a 2006 amendment to the prior 1988 law had already reduced the general drug-crime death penalty to life. Do not expect a general-trafficking death penalty. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Syria

Legal status: Prohibited under the Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993 — trafficking/cultivation/manufacture punishable by DEATH (Art 39); trafficking life + fine; possession not for trafficking ≤1 year + fine; death in aggravated cases; [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Syria under the Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993 (Legislative Decree). In Syria (Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993, Legislative Decree), trafficking, cultivation or manufacture is punishable by DEATH (Art 39); a user draws 3–15 years (Art 43); possession not for trafficking draws up to 1 year plus a fine up to 5,000 SYP; trafficking draws life plus a 1–5 million SYP fine. Death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate). [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Syria is retentionist on paper — death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate) — but enforcement is opaque amid the conflict, and a September 2019 amnesty reduced some death sentences to life. Active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Syria (Narcotic Drugs Law No. 2 of 1993, Legislative Decree), trafficking, cultivation or manufacture is punishable by DEATH (Art 39); a user draws 3–15 years (Art 43); possession not for trafficking draws up to 1 year plus a fine up to 5,000 SYP; trafficking draws life plus a 1–5 million SYP fine. Death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate). There is no medical cannabis. [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Syria is retentionist on paper — death applies in aggravated cases (a public official combating drugs, a minor used, or an international smuggling syndicate) — but enforcement is opaque amid the conflict, and a September 2019 amnesty reduced some death sentences to life. Active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Yemen

Legal status: Prohibited under Law No. 3 of 1993 — trafficking/cultivation with intent punishable by DEATH or 25 years (Art 34); possession not for trafficking a lesser penalty (Art 39); no fixed statutory quantity (keys on intent); [retained; executions rare amid conflict]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Yemen under Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances. In Yemen (Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances), trafficking or cultivating schedule-V plants with intent to traffic is punishable by DEATH or 25 years (Art 34); possession not for trafficking draws a lesser penalty (Art 39). The penalty keys on INTENT, not a fixed statutory quantity — there is no fixed gram threshold. [retained; executions rare amid conflict] Yemen is retentionist — death applies for trafficking or cultivation with intent to traffic — but executions are rare amid the conflict. Active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Yemen (Law No. 3 of 1993 on Control of Illicit Trafficking in and Abuse of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances), trafficking or cultivating schedule-V plants with intent to traffic is punishable by DEATH or 25 years (Art 34); possession not for trafficking draws a lesser penalty (Art 39). The penalty keys on INTENT, not a fixed statutory quantity — there is no fixed gram threshold; there is no medical cannabis. [retained; executions rare amid conflict] Yemen is retentionist — death applies for trafficking or cultivation with intent to traffic — but executions are rare amid the conflict. Active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Libya

Legal status: Prohibited and death-eligible for aggravated trafficking under Law No. 7 of 1990 (as amended) — the specific death-penalty article is not individually pinned to a primary source in the cited facts; no fixed statutory quantity asserted; [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Libya under Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances (as amended by Law No. 19 of 1994 and Law No. 19 of 1996), and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible. In Libya (Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, amended by Law No. 19 of 1994 and Law No. 19 of 1996), drugs are prohibited and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible. The specific death-penalty article number and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources (do not rely on a specific article or gram figure) — verify; there is no fixed statutory quantity asserted here. [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Libya is on the drug-death-penalty retentionist list and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible under Law No. 7 of 1990 (as amended), but the specific death-penalty article and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources — verify the specific article before relying on it. Enforcement is opaque amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Libya (Law No. 7 of 1990 on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, amended by Law No. 19 of 1994 and Law No. 19 of 1996), drugs are prohibited and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible. The specific death-penalty article number and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources — verify the specific article before relying on it; there is no fixed statutory quantity asserted here, and there is no medical cannabis. [retained; enforcement opaque amid conflict] Libya is on the drug-death-penalty retentionist list and aggravated trafficking is death-eligible under Law No. 7 of 1990 (as amended), but the specific death-penalty article and any quantity thresholds are NOT individually confirmed in the cited sources — verify the specific article before relying on it. Enforcement is opaque amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Sudan

Legal status: Prohibited under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994 — death penalty CONDITIONAL/aggravator-based (recidivist, official, or international-organization trafficking; supply to students/schools — Arts 15/16/17), NOT a flat general-trafficking DP; [retained for aggravated/recidivist trafficking; enforcement opaque]
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in Sudan under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994. In Sudan (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994, Arts 15/16/17), the death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based — mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty. [retained for aggravated/recidivist trafficking; enforcement opaque] The death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based — mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty. Sudan is retentionist with a historical execution record (1994), but there is no reliable current execution stream amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Sudan (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1994, Arts 15/16/17), the death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based — mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty, and there is no medical cannabis. [retained for aggravated/recidivist trafficking; enforcement opaque] The death penalty is conditional and aggravator-based — mandated for trafficking or producing by a recidivist, by an official entrusted with combating drug trafficking, or as part of an international criminal organization (Arts 15/17), and for providing drugs to students or in schools or assisting trafficking generally (Arts 16/17). It is NOT a flat general-trafficking death penalty. Sudan is retentionist with a historical execution record (1994), but there is no reliable current execution stream amid the conflict; active executions are not asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-26

Albania

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Law No. 7895 of 1995, as amended) — manufacturing/selling/transport/keeping (Art 283) 5–10 years (7–15 complicity/repeat, 10–20 organizing/financing); trafficking import/export/transit (Art 283-a) 7–15 years (to 15+ organizing/financing); 'small dose' personal-use carve-out has NO statutory gram threshold (single dose, case-by-case per 2008 Supreme Court Decision 1); no death penalty (Council of Europe)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Albania under the Criminal Code (Law No. 7895 of 1995, as amended; Arts 283/283-a/283-b/284). In Albania (Council of Europe member; no death penalty), drug offences fall under the Criminal Code (Law No. 7895 of 27 January 1995, as amended). Manufacturing, selling, transporting or keeping drugs (Art 283) draws 5–10 years, rising to 7–15 years in complicity or on repeat and 10–20 years for organizing, managing or financing. Trafficking — import, export or transit (Art 283-a) — draws 7–15 years, rising to 10–20 in complicity or on repeat and 15 years and above for organizing or financing. Facilitating intake or use by administering drugs (Art 283-b) draws 3–7 years. Cultivation of narcotic plants (Art 284) draws 3–7 years, rising to 5–10 in complicity or on repeat and 10–20 for organizing or financing. A 'small dose' personal-use carve-out exists under Art 283, but there is NO statutory gram threshold — the Supreme Court (Decision 1 of 27 March 2008) defined 'small quantity' as a single dose for that individual, decided case-by-case; in practice low-level users are still prosecuted under Art 283 (5-year minimums have been seen even for roughly 0.4–1.9 g). Personal possession may, in practice, be handled administratively under the Code of Misdemeanors Art 121 (a fine of about 10,000–50,000 ALL) — reported, not controlling.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Albania (Council of Europe member; no death penalty), drug offences fall under the Criminal Code (Law No. 7895 of 27 January 1995, as amended). Manufacturing, selling, transporting or keeping drugs (Art 283) draws 5–10 years, rising to 7–15 years in complicity or on repeat and 10–20 years for organizing, managing or financing. Trafficking — import, export or transit (Art 283-a) — draws 7–15 years, rising to 10–20 in complicity or on repeat and 15 years and above for organizing or financing. Facilitating intake or use by administering drugs (Art 283-b) draws 3–7 years. Cultivation of narcotic plants (Art 284) draws 3–7 years, rising to 5–10 in complicity or on repeat and 10–20 for organizing or financing. A 'small dose' personal-use carve-out exists under Art 283, but there is NO statutory gram threshold — the Supreme Court (Decision 1 of 27 March 2008) defined 'small quantity' as a single dose for that individual, decided case-by-case; in practice low-level users are still prosecuted under Art 283 (5-year minimums have been seen even for roughly 0.4–1.9 g). Personal possession may, in practice, be handled administratively under the Code of Misdemeanors Art 121 (a fine of about 10,000–50,000 ALL) — reported, not controlling. Cannabis cultivation is prohibited (Law 88/2016, Art 9) except authorized medical cultivation; the Law 61/2023 medical-cannabis and CBD framework is export-only. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

North Macedonia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Arts 215/216/217) — unauthorised production/release for trade (Art 215) 3–10 years; lesser-quantity paragraph (Sept 2009) 6 months–3 years; 'small'/'large' quantity NOT defined in the Code (non-statutory prosecutorial cut-offs; [reported] ~2 g cocaine/2 g heroin); NO separate personal-possession offence; no death penalty (Council of Europe)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in North Macedonia under the Criminal Code (Arts 215/216/217). In North Macedonia (Council of Europe member; no death penalty), drug offences fall under the Criminal Code (Chapter 21), principally Art 215 — unauthorised production and release for trade of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors — which carries 3–10 years; a lesser-quantity paragraph added in September 2009 carries 6 months–3 years. Art 216 covers facilitating or enabling the use of drugs, and Art 217 covers causing severe bodily injury or health damage through the Art 215/216 offences. 'Small' versus 'large' quantity is NOT defined in the Code — the Public Prosecutor's internal guidelines set non-statutory cut-offs; reported working thresholds are around 2 g of cocaine, 2 g of heroin and 5 g of cannabis, above which intent to sell is presumed (reported prosecutorial practice, NOT statutory). There is NO separate personal-possession offence in the Code — personal use is often charged under Art 215, so even minimal quantities carry 3–10-year exposure, and leniency depends on prosecutorial discretion rather than a statutory carve-out.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In North Macedonia (Council of Europe member; no death penalty), drug offences fall under the Criminal Code (Chapter 21), principally Art 215 — unauthorised production and release for trade of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors — which carries 3–10 years; a lesser-quantity paragraph added in September 2009 carries 6 months–3 years. Art 216 covers facilitating or enabling the use of drugs, and Art 217 covers causing severe bodily injury or health damage through the Art 215/216 offences. 'Small' versus 'large' quantity is NOT defined in the Code — the Public Prosecutor's internal guidelines set non-statutory cut-offs; reported working thresholds are around 2 g of cocaine, 2 g of heroin and 5 g of cannabis, above which intent to sell is presumed (reported prosecutorial practice, NOT statutory). There is NO separate personal-possession offence in the Code — personal use is often charged under Art 215, so even minimal quantities carry 3–10-year exposure, and leniency depends on prosecutorial discretion rather than a statutory carve-out. Cannabis is controlled under the same Art 215 framework, with no fixed statutory cannabis quantity. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Legal status: Controlled under a multi-level framework — state Criminal Code Art 195 (illicit production/trafficking) up to ~10–20 years aggravated/organized (~3–15 base); possession for personal use a MISDEMEANOUR under entity/district public-order law (e.g. Brčko Art 31, fine ~€250–750); NO uniform statutory gram threshold (varies by entity: FBiH/RS/Brčko); no death penalty (Council of Europe)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Law on Prevention and Suppression of the Abuse of Narcotic Drugs and the Criminal Code of BiH (Art 195), layered with entity/district codes. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (Council of Europe member; ECHR-bound; no death penalty), drug law is multi-level. State-level Criminal Code Art 195 (illicit production and trafficking of narcotics) is charged for cross-entity or organized trafficking, with up to roughly 10–20 years for aggravated or organized forms (about 3–15 years base per secondary sources). Possession for personal use is a MISDEMEANOUR under entity or district public-order law — for example the Brčko Law on Public Order Art 31 (a fine of about €250–750), with Federation of BiH and Republika Srpska equivalents — not the felony track; but each entity's criminal code CAN pursue felony charges for cultivation, sale, or possession beyond personal-use quantities. There is NO uniform statutory gram threshold distinguishing personal use from intent to sell — it varies by entity — and the 2017 EUDA report notes the misdemeanour penalties do not vary by drug, recidivism or quantity. The exact article and range a person faces depends on WHERE in the country (Federation of BiH versus Republika Srpska versus Brčko) the offence occurs; Art 195 at state level is the anchor, and entity-level article numbers not confirmed here are not pinned.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Bosnia and Herzegovina (Council of Europe member; ECHR-bound; no death penalty), drug law is multi-level. State-level Criminal Code Art 195 (illicit production and trafficking of narcotics) is charged for cross-entity or organized trafficking, with up to roughly 10–20 years for aggravated or organized forms (about 3–15 years base per secondary sources). Possession for personal use is a MISDEMEANOUR under entity or district public-order law — for example the Brčko Law on Public Order Art 31 (a fine of about €250–750), with Federation of BiH and Republika Srpska equivalents — not the felony track; but each entity's criminal code CAN pursue felony charges for cultivation, sale, or possession beyond personal-use quantities. There is NO uniform statutory gram threshold distinguishing personal use from intent to sell — it varies by entity — and the 2017 EUDA report notes the misdemeanour penalties do not vary by drug, recidivism or quantity. The exact article and range a person faces depends on WHERE in the country (Federation of BiH versus Republika Srpska versus Brčko) the offence occurs; Art 195 at state level is the anchor, and entity-level article numbers not confirmed here are not pinned. Cannabis is illegal for both recreational and medical use (on the controlled-substances list), under the same multi-level framework. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Georgia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Arts 260/265¹/273) — July 2025 amendments sharply re-criminalized: selling ANY amount of ANY drug now 12 years to LIFE; acquisition/possession scales by quantity (Art 260); small-quantity possession administrative (Code of Administrative Offences Art 45¹, first offence); plus up to 5-year disqualifications (driving/public service/teaching/legal practice); no death penalty (abolished)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Georgia under the Criminal Code (Arts 260/265¹/273), sharply re-criminalized by the July 2025 amendments. In Georgia (Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished), the current (2025) law is hard. July 2025 amendments repealed Art 273¹ and extended Art 260 (narcotics) to cover cannabis, sharply re-criminalizing drug offences: illegal purchase or possession of more than 5 g of dried marijuana carries up to 6 years; 70–250 g dried carries 5–8 years; production or transport of those amounts carries 6–9 years; and selling ANY amount of ANY drug now carries 12 years to life imprisonment. Additional sanctions include up to a 5-year disqualification from driving, public service, teaching or educational activity, and legal practice. Art 260 covers illegal acquisition, possession, production or transport of narcotics (now including cannabis); Art 265¹ covers cultivation of narcotic plants; Art 273 covers personal use or keeping of small quantities (historically — partly voided by the 2017 Constitutional Court 'Shanidze' ruling that decriminalized cannabis consumption, then restructured in 2025). Small-quantity acquisition or possession is administrative under the Code of Administrative Offences Art 45¹ (a first offence is typically administrative; a repeat may become criminal). The 2017–18 liberalization of cannabis USE was largely reversed for possession and supply in July 2025 — the stale 'Georgia decriminalized cannabis' framing no longer holds.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Georgia (Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished), the current (2025) law is hard. July 2025 amendments repealed Art 273¹ and extended Art 260 (narcotics) to cover cannabis, sharply re-criminalizing drug offences: illegal purchase or possession of more than 5 g of dried marijuana carries up to 6 years; 70–250 g dried carries 5–8 years; production or transport of those amounts carries 6–9 years; and selling ANY amount of ANY drug now carries 12 years to life imprisonment. Additional sanctions include up to a 5-year disqualification from driving, public service, teaching or educational activity, and legal practice. Art 260 covers illegal acquisition, possession, production or transport of narcotics (now including cannabis); Art 265¹ covers cultivation of narcotic plants; Art 273 covers personal use or keeping of small quantities (historically — partly voided by the 2017 Constitutional Court 'Shanidze' ruling that decriminalized cannabis consumption, then restructured in 2025). Small-quantity acquisition or possession is administrative under the Code of Administrative Offences Art 45¹ (a first offence is typically administrative; a repeat may become criminal). The 2017–18 liberalization of cannabis USE was largely reversed for possession and supply in July 2025 — the stale 'Georgia decriminalized cannabis' framing no longer holds. Cannabis private-property use was decriminalized in 2017–18, but possession over 5 g was re-criminalized in July 2025 (up to 6 years) and selling any amount carries 12 years to life. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Armenia

Legal status: Controlled under the NEW Criminal Code (in force 1 July 2022; pre-2022 article numbers obsolete) — trafficking/circulation (Arts 393/394) scales by quantity (~5–15 years) to LIFE for aggravated/organized/online/minor-involving forms (2024–25 amendments: online sale aggravating Part 2, minor participation particularly aggravating Part 3); possession without intent a lower tier (~1–3 years); NO clean personal-use decriminalization; no death penalty (abolished 2003)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Armenia under the NEW Criminal Code (in force 1 July 2022; Arts 393/394/402). In Armenia (Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished 2003), drug offences fall under the NEW Criminal Code adopted on 15 June 2022 and in force since 1 July 2022 — pre-2022 article numbers are obsolete. Arts 393 and 394 cover illicit trafficking and circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors (sale and production), and Art 402 is a separate drug-circulation offence. Trafficking scales by quantity (roughly 5–15 years), rising to life imprisonment for the gravest aggravated, organized, online or minor-involving forms. The 2024–25 amendments toughened these: committing the act through information or communication technologies (online sale) is an aggravating circumstance (Part 2 of Arts 393/394/402), and committing it with the participation of a minor is particularly aggravating (Part 3 of Arts 393/394). Possession without intent to distribute is a lower criminal tier (about 1–3 years for minor possession); Armenia does NOT have clean statutory personal-use decriminalization — use and possession remain criminal at a lower tier (the 2003 reform cut user sentences but raised fines).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Armenia (Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished 2003), drug offences fall under the NEW Criminal Code adopted on 15 June 2022 and in force since 1 July 2022 — pre-2022 article numbers are obsolete. Arts 393 and 394 cover illicit trafficking and circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors (sale and production), and Art 402 is a separate drug-circulation offence. Trafficking scales by quantity (roughly 5–15 years), rising to life imprisonment for the gravest aggravated, organized, online or minor-involving forms. The 2024–25 amendments toughened these: committing the act through information or communication technologies (online sale) is an aggravating circumstance (Part 2 of Arts 393/394/402), and committing it with the participation of a minor is particularly aggravating (Part 3 of Arts 393/394). Possession without intent to distribute is a lower criminal tier (about 1–3 years for minor possession); Armenia does NOT have clean statutory personal-use decriminalization — use and possession remain criminal at a lower tier (the 2003 reform cut user sentences but raised fines). Cannabis is controlled under the same Arts 393/394 framework; although cannabis grows wild and most users use cannabis or hashish, no legal cannabis regime is asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Montenegro

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Art 300, the single consolidated drug offence) — production/distribution/trafficking ~2–15 years ([reported] US State Dept INCSR; per-paragraph Art 300(1)–(5) ranges not individually pinned); equipment/precursor offence (Art 300(6)) 6 months–5 years; addiction-driven offenders may get mandatory treatment (security measure, max 3 years); NO fixed statutory gram threshold; no death penalty (Council of Europe)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Montenegro under the Criminal Code (Art 300). In Montenegro (Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished), drugs fall under a single consolidated offence — Criminal Code Art 300 (unauthorised production, possession and distribution of narcotics). Production and distribution or trafficking carry roughly 2–15 years (reported by the US State Department INCSR; the exact per-paragraph Art 300(1)–(5) ranges are not individually pinned in the cited sources). Art 300(6) — unlawfully making, acquiring, possessing, transporting or supplying equipment, material or substances knowing they are intended for narcotics production — carries 6 months–5 years. Addiction-driven offenders may receive mandatory treatment (a security measure, maximum 3 years) alongside or in lieu of imprisonment. There is NO fixed statutory gram threshold for the personal-use versus supply line — possession is handled within Art 300, with treatment diversion available. Foreigners face expulsion (1–10 years or permanent).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Montenegro (Council of Europe member; death penalty abolished), drugs fall under a single consolidated offence — Criminal Code Art 300 (unauthorised production, possession and distribution of narcotics). Production and distribution or trafficking carry roughly 2–15 years (reported by the US State Department INCSR; the exact per-paragraph Art 300(1)–(5) ranges are not individually pinned in the cited sources). Art 300(6) — unlawfully making, acquiring, possessing, transporting or supplying equipment, material or substances knowing they are intended for narcotics production — carries 6 months–5 years. Addiction-driven offenders may receive mandatory treatment (a security measure, maximum 3 years) alongside or in lieu of imprisonment. There is NO fixed statutory gram threshold for the personal-use versus supply line — possession is handled within Art 300, with treatment diversion available. Foreigners face expulsion (1–10 years or permanent). Cannabis is controlled under the same Art 300 framework, with no fixed cannabis quantity and no legal recreational or medical regime asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Kazakhstan

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Code No. 226-V of 3 July 2014) — personal possession without intent criminal but lower-tier (fine / correctional labour / community service / arrest up to ~40 days); large amounts or intent-to-supply ~5–8 years (~6–10+ for large/aggravated); precise drug-offence article Not confirmed (reportedly ~Arts 296/297 — verify); Kazakhstan abolished the ultimate penalty in 2021 (ICCPR Second Optional Protocol), so no drug offence is punishable by it
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Kazakhstan under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Code No. 226-V of 3 July 2014). In Kazakhstan, drug offences fall under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Code No. 226-V of 3 July 2014). Possession of narcotic drugs for personal use without intent to supply is criminal but lower-tier — typically a fine, correctional labour, community service, or short-term arrest (up to about 40 days). Possession of large amounts, or possession or production with intent to supply, is punished far more heavily — roughly 5–8 years, rising to about 6–10 years or more for large quantities and aggravated or organized forms. The precise drug-offence article numbers are Not confirmed — reportedly around Arts 296/297 of the 2014 Code, but the exact article is not individually pinned in the cited source; verify with Kazakhstan's authorities. Kazakhstan abolished the ultimate criminal penalty in 2021 by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, so no drug offence is punishable by it — the maximum drug penalty is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Kazakhstan, drug offences fall under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Code No. 226-V of 3 July 2014). Possession of narcotic drugs for personal use without intent to supply is criminal but lower-tier — typically a fine, correctional labour, community service, or short-term arrest (up to about 40 days). Possession of large amounts, or possession or production with intent to supply, is punished far more heavily — roughly 5–8 years, rising to about 6–10 years or more for large quantities and aggravated or organized forms. The precise drug-offence article numbers are Not confirmed — reportedly around Arts 296/297 of the 2014 Code, but the exact article is not individually pinned in the cited source; verify with Kazakhstan's authorities. Kazakhstan abolished the ultimate criminal penalty in 2021 by ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, so no drug offence is punishable by it — the maximum drug penalty is imprisonment. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Cuba

Legal status: Controlled under the Penal Code (Law No. 151/2022, in force 1 December 2022) — trafficking up to 30 years or life imprisonment; the death penalty applies to AGGRAVATED trafficking ONLY (involvement of minors / large quantities / international networks), by firing squad, under a de facto moratorium since 2003; the death penalty does NOT apply to simple possession or non-aggravated trafficking; precise drug-offence article Not confirmed (verify)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Cuba under the Penal Code (Law No. 151/2022, in force 1 December 2022). In Cuba, drug offences fall under the Penal Code (Law No. 151/2022, approved 15 May 2022 and in force since 1 December 2022). Drug trafficking is punished severely — up to 30 years' imprisonment or life imprisonment — and the death penalty is available ONLY under aggravating circumstances such as the involvement of minors, very large quantities, or participation in international trafficking networks. Execution is by firing squad, but Cuba has observed a de facto moratorium on executions since 2003 (per Amnesty International and OnCubaNews reporting). The death penalty does NOT apply to simple possession or to non-aggravated trafficking. The precise drug-offence article number in the 2022 Penal Code is Not confirmed — verify the exact article with Cuban authorities. Simple possession and use are also penalized at lower tiers, and enforcement is strict.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Cuba, drug offences fall under the Penal Code (Law No. 151/2022, approved 15 May 2022 and in force since 1 December 2022). Drug trafficking is punished severely — up to 30 years' imprisonment or life imprisonment — and the death penalty is available ONLY under aggravating circumstances such as the involvement of minors, very large quantities, or participation in international trafficking networks. Execution is by firing squad, but Cuba has observed a de facto moratorium on executions since 2003 (per Amnesty International and OnCubaNews reporting). The death penalty does NOT apply to simple possession or to non-aggravated trafficking. The precise drug-offence article number in the 2022 Penal Code is Not confirmed — verify the exact article with Cuban authorities. Simple possession and use are also penalized at lower tiers, and enforcement is strict. Cannabis is controlled under the same Penal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Guyana

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, Cap 10:10 (Act No. 2 of 1988, as amended through 2021) — possession (s.4) fine ≥ G$30,000 or 3× market value + imprisonment 3–5 years; trafficking (s.5) heavier (exact statutory maximum not pinned in the cited source — verify); the statute is non-capital (maximum penalty is imprisonment)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Guyana under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, Cap 10:10 (Act No. 2 of 1988, as amended through 2021). In Guyana, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, Cap 10:10 (Act No. 2 of 1988, as amended through 2021). Possession (s.4) carries a fine of not less than G$30,000 or three times the market value of the narcotic, together with imprisonment of 3–5 years. Trafficking (s.5) is punished more heavily; the exact statutory maximum for trafficking is not pinned in the cited source and is not assumed here — verify the s.5 penalty. A 2021 reform — the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) (Amendment) Act No. 2 of 2021, in force 2022 — removed custodial sentences for small cannabis quantities: possession of up to 15 g of cannabis now draws mandatory counselling, and up to 30 g draws community service of up to 6 months, rather than imprisonment. Larger amounts and all trafficking remain criminal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Guyana, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, Cap 10:10 (Act No. 2 of 1988, as amended through 2021). Possession (s.4) carries a fine of not less than G$30,000 or three times the market value of the narcotic, together with imprisonment of 3–5 years. Trafficking (s.5) is punished more heavily; the exact statutory maximum for trafficking is not pinned in the cited source and is not assumed here — verify the s.5 penalty. A 2021 reform — the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) (Amendment) Act No. 2 of 2021, in force 2022 — removed custodial sentences for small cannabis quantities: possession of up to 15 g of cannabis now draws mandatory counselling, and up to 30 g draws community service of up to 6 months, rather than imprisonment. Larger amounts and all trafficking remain criminal. Cannabis remains controlled, but the 2021 amendment removed custodial penalties for small quantities (up to 15 g → counselling; up to 30 g → community service ≤6 months); trafficking and larger amounts remain criminal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Bahamas

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Act, Ch. 228 — possession with intent to supply (s.22) fine up to B$500,000 or imprisonment up to 30 years, or both; trafficking/importation (s.29) forfeiture to the Crown + fine/imprisonment; the statute is non-capital (maximum penalty is imprisonment)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Bahamas under the Dangerous Drugs Act, Ch. 228. In the Bahamas, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act, Ch. 228. Possession with intent to supply (s.22) carries a fine of up to B$500,000 or imprisonment of up to 30 years, or both; being found with two or more packets of cannabis raises a statutory presumption of intent to supply (s.22(3)). Trafficking and importation (s.29) bring forfeiture of the drugs (and associated property) to the Crown together with a fine and/or imprisonment. Simple possession is also an offence; enforcement is strict and applies equally to visitors.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Bahamas, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act, Ch. 228. Possession with intent to supply (s.22) carries a fine of up to B$500,000 or imprisonment of up to 30 years, or both; being found with two or more packets of cannabis raises a statutory presumption of intent to supply (s.22(3)). Trafficking and importation (s.29) bring forfeiture of the drugs (and associated property) to the Crown together with a fine and/or imprisonment. Simple possession is also an offence; enforcement is strict and applies equally to visitors. Cannabis is controlled under the same Dangerous Drugs Act; being found with two or more packets raises a presumption of intent to supply. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Lebanon

Legal status: Controlled under Act No. 673 of 16 March 1998 ('Act 673/1998') — trafficking carries LIFE imprisonment (the statutory maximum); use/possession for personal use up to ~6 months + fine, with a divert-to-treatment route (arts 182–190: prosecution suspended while the user completes State treatment)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Lebanon under Act No. 673 of 16 March 1998 ('Act 673/1998'). In Lebanon, drugs fall under Act No. 673 of 16 March 1998 on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors ('Act 673/1998'). Drug trafficking carries life imprisonment — the statutory maximum. Use or possession for personal use is punished more lightly, up to about 6 months' imprisonment plus a fine, and Act 673/1998 (arts 182–190) establishes a divert-to-treatment route: prosecution can be suspended while the user completes State-provided treatment through a specialised committee, with the case dropped on successful completion. Enforcement in practice is uneven, and the treatment-diversion mechanism has been only partly implemented.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Lebanon, drugs fall under Act No. 673 of 16 March 1998 on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors ('Act 673/1998'). Drug trafficking carries life imprisonment — the statutory maximum. Use or possession for personal use is punished more lightly, up to about 6 months' imprisonment plus a fine, and Act 673/1998 (arts 182–190) establishes a divert-to-treatment route: prosecution can be suspended while the user completes State-provided treatment through a specialised committee, with the case dropped on successful completion. Enforcement in practice is uneven, and the treatment-diversion mechanism has been only partly implemented. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act 673/1998 framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime asserted here. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Tunisia

Legal status: Controlled under Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 ('Law 52' / 'Law 92-52'), as amended April 2017 — personal use/possession 1–5 years + fine 1,000–3,000 dinars (April-2017 reform removed the first-offence mandatory minimum, gave judges discretion); cultivation/distribution 6–10 years + fine 5,000–10,000 TND; gang/smuggling-linked 20 years to life imprisonment + fine 100,000–1,000,000 TND
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Tunisia under Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 ('Law 52' / 'Law 92-52'), as amended April 2017. In Tunisia, drugs fall under Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 on Narcotics ('Law 52' / 'Law 92-52'), as amended in April 2017. Use or possession for personal use carries 1–5 years' imprisonment plus a fine of 1,000–3,000 dinars; the April 2017 reform removed the mandatory-minimum sentence for a first offence and gave judges sentencing discretion for first and second offences (previously a near-automatic minimum applied). Cultivation or distribution carries 6–10 years plus a fine of 5,000–10,000 TND. Offences linked to organized gangs or smuggling carry 20 years to life imprisonment plus a fine of 100,000–1,000,000 TND.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Tunisia, drugs fall under Law No. 92-52 of 18 May 1992 on Narcotics ('Law 52' / 'Law 92-52'), as amended in April 2017. Use or possession for personal use carries 1–5 years' imprisonment plus a fine of 1,000–3,000 dinars; the April 2017 reform removed the mandatory-minimum sentence for a first offence and gave judges sentencing discretion for first and second offences (previously a near-automatic minimum applied). Cultivation or distribution carries 6–10 years plus a fine of 5,000–10,000 TND. Offences linked to organized gangs or smuggling carry 20 years to life imprisonment plus a fine of 100,000–1,000,000 TND. Cannabis is controlled under the same Law 92-52 framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime asserted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Cyprus

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1977 (Law No. 29(I)/1977, as amended; Classes A/B/C) — personal possession criminal (up to 12 years Class A / 8 years Class B / 4 years Class C); since 2003 possession at/above set quantities (≥3 cannabis plants, ≥30 g cannabis, or ≥10 g prepared cocaine/opium) presumes intent to supply; trafficking of Class A/B up to life imprisonment (not yet imposed in practice), Class C up to 8 years; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Cyprus under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1977 (Law No. 29(I)/1977, as amended). In Cyprus, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1977 (Law No. 29(I)/1977), as amended, which sorts controlled substances into Classes A, B and C. Personal possession is a criminal offence — punishable by up to 12 years for a Class A drug, up to 8 years for Class B, and up to 4 years for Class C — though small-cannabis first offences in practice draw fines of about €400–1,000. Since 2003, possession at or above set quantities — three or more cannabis plants, 30 g or more of cannabis, or 10 g or more of prepared cocaine or opium — raises a presumption of intent to supply. Trafficking of a Class A or Class B drug is punishable by up to life imprisonment (a maximum not yet imposed in practice), and Class C trafficking by up to 8 years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Cyprus, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law of 1977 (Law No. 29(I)/1977), as amended, which sorts controlled substances into Classes A, B and C. Personal possession is a criminal offence — punishable by up to 12 years for a Class A drug, up to 8 years for Class B, and up to 4 years for Class C — though small-cannabis first offences in practice draw fines of about €400–1,000. Since 2003, possession at or above set quantities — three or more cannabis plants, 30 g or more of cannabis, or 10 g or more of prepared cocaine or opium — raises a presumption of intent to supply. Trafficking of a Class A or Class B drug is punishable by up to life imprisonment (a maximum not yet imposed in practice), and Class C trafficking by up to 8 years. Cannabis is a Class B drug; recreational use is illegal and only a limited medical-cannabis framework exists. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Iceland

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotics Act No. 65/1974 — consumption itself not criminalised but possession is (personal possession draws a progressive fine); import/export/sale/production/distribution up to 6 years under the Narcotics Act, rising to up to 12 years under Article 173a of the General Penal Code (raised 10→12 in 2001); the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Iceland under the Narcotics Act No. 65/1974 (Act on Habit-Forming and Narcotic Substances). In Iceland, drugs fall under the Narcotics Act No. 65/1974 (the Act on Habit-Forming and Narcotic Substances). Consumption itself is not criminalised, but possession is — personal possession draws a progressive fine. Import, export, sale, production and distribution carry up to 6 years under the Narcotics Act, rising to up to 12 years under Article 173a of the General Penal Code (the maximum was raised from 10 to 12 years in 2001).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Iceland, drugs fall under the Narcotics Act No. 65/1974 (the Act on Habit-Forming and Narcotic Substances). Consumption itself is not criminalised, but possession is — personal possession draws a progressive fine. Import, export, sale, production and distribution carry up to 6 years under the Narcotics Act, rising to up to 12 years under Article 173a of the General Penal Code (the maximum was raised from 10 to 12 years in 2001). Cannabis is controlled under the same Narcotics Act framework, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Luxembourg

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotics Law of 1973 (as amended by the Law of 10 July 2023) — possession remains criminal (minor possession 8 days–6 months + fines); trafficking and large-scale supply carry heavier penalties under the 1973 law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Luxembourg under the Narcotics Law of 1973 (as amended by the Law of 10 July 2023). In Luxembourg, drugs fall under the Narcotics Law of 1973, amended by the Law of 10 July 2023. For drugs other than cannabis, possession remains criminal under the 1973 law — minor possession draws imprisonment of 8 days to 6 months plus fines — and trafficking and large-scale supply carry heavier penalties under the separate provisions of that law.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Luxembourg, drugs fall under the Narcotics Law of 1973, amended by the Law of 10 July 2023. For drugs other than cannabis, possession remains criminal under the 1973 law — minor possession draws imprisonment of 8 days to 6 months plus fines — and trafficking and large-scale supply carry heavier penalties under the separate provisions of that law. For cannabis specifically, the Law of 10 July 2023 legalised home cultivation of up to four plants per household and private consumption at home for adults; public possession of 3 g or less draws a €145 administrative fine with no criminal record. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Malta

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 101) — small-quantity personal possession depenalised (fine before the Commissioner of Justice) under the Drug Dependence (Treatment not Imprisonment) Act 2015; trafficking 6 months–10 years (Court of Magistrates), up to life imprisonment (4–30 years + fine at the court's discretion, Criminal Court); the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Malta under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 101). In Malta, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 101), with personal-use reform under the Drug Dependence (Treatment not Imprisonment) Act 2015. For drugs other than cannabis, small-quantity personal possession is depenalised — handled by a fine before the Commissioner of Justice — under the 2015 Act, rather than imprisonment. Trafficking is punished by 6 months to 10 years in the Court of Magistrates, or up to life imprisonment (4–30 years plus a fine at the court's discretion) in the Criminal Court.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Malta, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 101), with personal-use reform under the Drug Dependence (Treatment not Imprisonment) Act 2015. For drugs other than cannabis, small-quantity personal possession is depenalised — handled by a fine before the Commissioner of Justice — under the 2015 Act, rather than imprisonment. Trafficking is punished by 6 months to 10 years in the Court of Magistrates, or up to life imprisonment (4–30 years plus a fine at the court's discretion) in the Criminal Court. For cannabis specifically, since December 2021 — the first EU state to do so — adults may carry up to 7 g, grow up to 4 plants per household, and obtain cannabis through non-profit Cannabis Harm Reduction Associations (under the ARUC Act, Cap. 628); possession of 7–28 g is a €50–100 fine with no criminal record. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

El Salvador

Legal status: Controlled under the Ley Reguladora de las Actividades Relativas a las Drogas (2003) — possession (Art. 34) divided from trafficking by a 2 g line (<2 g: 1–3 years; ≥2 g: 3–6 years; any quantity with trafficking purpose: 6–10 years; NO personal-use exemption); cultivation (Art. 31) 5–15 years; trafficking (Art. 33) 10–15 years (+1/3 for international); the maximum penalty is imprisonment (the severest sanction is constitutionally barred for ordinary offences)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in El Salvador under the Ley Reguladora de las Actividades Relativas a las Drogas (2003). In El Salvador, drugs fall under the Ley Reguladora de las Actividades Relativas a las Drogas (2003). Possession (Art. 34) is divided from trafficking by a 2-gram line: possession of under 2 g carries 1–3 years; 2 g or more carries 3–6 years; and possession of any quantity with a trafficking purpose carries 6–10 years. There is no personal-use exemption. Cultivation (Art. 31) carries 5–15 years, and trafficking (Art. 33) carries 10–15 years, increased by one third for international trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In El Salvador, drugs fall under the Ley Reguladora de las Actividades Relativas a las Drogas (2003). Possession (Art. 34) is divided from trafficking by a 2-gram line: possession of under 2 g carries 1–3 years; 2 g or more carries 3–6 years; and possession of any quantity with a trafficking purpose carries 6–10 years. There is no personal-use exemption. Cultivation (Art. 31) carries 5–15 years, and trafficking (Art. 33) carries 10–15 years, increased by one third for international trafficking. Cannabis is controlled under the same statute, with no personal-use exemption and no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Honduras

Legal status: Controlled under the Código Penal (Decreto 130-2017, in force 10 November 2019) and the Ley sobre el Uso Indebido y Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas (Decreto 126/89) — trafficking (Penal Code Art. 311) 4–7 years (drugs not causing grave harm) or 7–10 years otherwise; aggravated trafficking (minors/organised groups) 10–15 years (Art. 312); personal-use possession (1989 law Art. 26) up to 30 days in a rehabilitation centre + fine; the personal-use-vs-trafficking line is judge-determined case-by-case (NO statutory gram threshold); the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Honduras under the Código Penal (Decreto 130-2017) and the Ley sobre el Uso Indebido y Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas y Sustancias Psicotrópicas (Decreto 126/89). In Honduras, drugs fall under the Código Penal (Decreto 130-2017, in force 10 November 2019) and the Ley sobre el Uso Indebido y Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas y Sustancias Psicotrópicas (Decreto 126/89). Trafficking (Penal Code Art. 311) carries 4–7 years for drugs not causing grave harm and 7–10 years otherwise; aggravated trafficking — for example involving minors or organised groups — carries 10–15 years (Art. 312). Personal-use possession (1989 law, Art. 26) draws up to 30 days in a rehabilitation centre plus a fine; the personal-use-versus-trafficking line is determined by the judge case by case, not by a statutory gram threshold.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Honduras, drugs fall under the Código Penal (Decreto 130-2017, in force 10 November 2019) and the Ley sobre el Uso Indebido y Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas y Sustancias Psicotrópicas (Decreto 126/89). Trafficking (Penal Code Art. 311) carries 4–7 years for drugs not causing grave harm and 7–10 years otherwise; aggravated trafficking — for example involving minors or organised groups — carries 10–15 years (Art. 312). Personal-use possession (1989 law, Art. 26) draws up to 30 days in a rehabilitation centre plus a fine; the personal-use-versus-trafficking line is determined by the judge case by case, not by a statutory gram threshold. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with no statutory personal-use gram threshold and no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Maldives

Legal status: Controlled under the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011, Third Amendment ratified 6 December 2025) — trafficking a Schedule 1 drug carries a mandatory 20-year base term, elevated to capital punishment where the quantity exceeds 350 g cannabis / 250 g diamorphine / 100 g of any other Schedule 1 drug AND brought in at the point of entry (capital punishment requires the unanimous full Supreme Court bench, else life imprisonment); possession of a Schedule 2 drug without a prescription 3–15 years + fine; death penalty retained de jure since December 2025 under a long-standing execution moratorium since 1954
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Maldives under the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011, as amended by the Third Amendment ratified 6 December 2025). In Maldives, drugs fall under the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011), as amended by the Third Amendment ratified on 6 December 2025. Trafficking a Schedule 1 drug carries a mandatory 20-year base term; the sentence is elevated to capital punishment where the quantity exceeds 350 g of cannabis, 250 g of diamorphine, or 100 g of any other Schedule 1 drug AND the person brings it into the country at the point of entry. Capital punishment requires the unanimous agreement of the full Supreme Court bench, failing which the sentence is life imprisonment; the death penalty is retained de jure since December 2025, but a long-standing moratorium on executions has been in place since 1954. Possession of a Schedule 2 drug without a prescription carries 3–15 years plus a fine.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Maldives, drugs fall under the Drugs Act (Act No. 17/2011), as amended by the Third Amendment ratified on 6 December 2025. Trafficking a Schedule 1 drug carries a mandatory 20-year base term; the sentence is elevated to capital punishment where the quantity exceeds 350 g of cannabis, 250 g of diamorphine, or 100 g of any other Schedule 1 drug AND the person brings it into the country at the point of entry. Capital punishment requires the unanimous agreement of the full Supreme Court bench, failing which the sentence is life imprisonment; the death penalty is retained de jure since December 2025, but a long-standing moratorium on executions has been in place since 1954. Possession of a Schedule 2 drug without a prescription carries 3–15 years plus a fine. Cannabis is a Schedule 1 drug; trafficking above 350 g brought in at the point of entry is capital-eligible (subject to the unanimous Supreme Court requirement and the 1954 execution moratorium), and lower amounts carry the mandatory 20-year base term. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Afghanistan

Legal status: Controlled under the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law) — trafficking graduated by weight, heroin/morphine/cocaine capping at 20 years (Art. 42), largest quantities reaching life imprisonment; use roughly a short prison term (~3 months); the drug-trafficking ceiling is imprisonment; enforcement since 2021 under the de facto authorities is opaque and may diverge — verify against current practice
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Afghanistan under the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law). In Afghanistan, drugs fall under the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law). Trafficking penalties are graduated by weight: trafficking heroin, morphine or cocaine caps at 20 years (Art. 42), and the largest quantities reach life imprisonment — the named statute's drug-trafficking ceiling is imprisonment. Drug use carries roughly a short prison term (about 3 months). Enforcement since 2021 under the de facto authorities is opaque and may diverge from the statute on the books; any sanction beyond what the named statute provides is not confirmed here — verify against current practice.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Afghanistan, drugs fall under the Law on Campaign Against Intoxicants, Drugs and their Control (with the 2005 Counter-Narcotics Law). Trafficking penalties are graduated by weight: trafficking heroin, morphine or cocaine caps at 20 years (Art. 42), and the largest quantities reach life imprisonment — the named statute's drug-trafficking ceiling is imprisonment. Drug use carries roughly a short prison term (about 3 months). Enforcement since 2021 under the de facto authorities is opaque and may diverge from the statute on the books; any sanction beyond what the named statute provides is not confirmed here — verify against current practice. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework; cultivation and trafficking are prohibited, with penalties graduated by weight up to imprisonment. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Belarus

Legal status: Controlled under Criminal Code Article 328 (and Decree No. 6 of 2014) — possession without intent (Part 1) restriction of liberty up to 5 years or imprisonment 2–5 years; distribution (Part 2) 3–8 years; aggravated (Part 3) 6–15 years; organised group/laboratory (Part 4) 10–20 years; offence negligently causing a person's death (Part 5) 20–25 years; the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (up to 25 years); the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Belarus under the Criminal Code (Article 328) and Decree No. 6 of 2014. In Belarus, drugs fall under Criminal Code Article 328 (and Decree No. 6 of 2014). Possession without intent to distribute (Part 1) carries restriction of liberty of up to 5 years or imprisonment of 2–5 years. Distribution (Part 2) carries 3–8 years; aggravated distribution (Part 3) 6–15 years; an organised group or laboratory (Part 4) 10–20 years; and where the offence negligently causes a person's death (Part 5) 20–25 years. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (up to 25 years); the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Belarus, drugs fall under Criminal Code Article 328 (and Decree No. 6 of 2014). Possession without intent to distribute (Part 1) carries restriction of liberty of up to 5 years or imprisonment of 2–5 years. Distribution (Part 2) carries 3–8 years; aggravated distribution (Part 3) 6–15 years; an organised group or laboratory (Part 4) 10–20 years; and where the offence negligently causes a person's death (Part 5) 20–25 years. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (up to 25 years); the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. Cannabis is controlled under the same Article 328 framework, with no soft/hard distinction and no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Kyrgyzstan

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (No. 127 of 28 October 2021) — illegal production for sale under Article 282; possession above threshold quantities a fine or up to 5 years' imprisonment; small-quantity personal possession administrative (Code of Offences, no criminal record); the precise current-Code possession article and exact threshold quantities not confirmed here (prior-Code figures not assumed current — verify); the drug-law ceiling is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Kyrgyzstan under the Criminal Code (No. 127 of 28 October 2021). In Kyrgyzstan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (No. 127 of 28 October 2021). Illegal production of narcotics for the purpose of sale is Article 282; possession above threshold quantities carries a fine or up to 5 years' imprisonment, while small-quantity personal possession is handled administratively under the Code of Offences with no criminal record. The drug-law ceiling is imprisonment. The precise possession article number under the current 2021 Code and the exact threshold quantities are not confirmed here (figures reported under the prior Code — around more than 1 g of heroin or more than 3 g of hashish — should not be assumed to be the current-Code thresholds); verify against the current schedule.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Kyrgyzstan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (No. 127 of 28 October 2021). Illegal production of narcotics for the purpose of sale is Article 282; possession above threshold quantities carries a fine or up to 5 years' imprisonment, while small-quantity personal possession is handled administratively under the Code of Offences with no criminal record. The drug-law ceiling is imprisonment. The precise possession article number under the current 2021 Code and the exact threshold quantities are not confirmed here (figures reported under the prior Code — around more than 1 g of heroin or more than 3 g of hashish — should not be assumed to be the current-Code thresholds); verify against the current schedule. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with administrative handling of small personal-possession quantities and criminal liability above threshold; no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Uzbekistan

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Articles 270–276) and the Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances — illegal handling of narcotics up to 5 years; aggravated (group / large amounts) 5–10 years; organised group 10–20 years; the precise possession-vs-trafficking sub-article and gram thresholds not confirmed here (verify); the drug-law ceiling is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Uzbekistan under the Criminal Code (Articles 270–276) and the Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. In Uzbekistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (Articles 270–276) and the Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Illegal handling of narcotics carries up to 5 years; aggravated forms (committed by a group, or involving large amounts) 5–10 years; and an organised group 10–20 years. The drug-law ceiling is imprisonment. The precise possession-versus-trafficking sub-article and any gram thresholds are not confirmed here; verify against the current schedule.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Uzbekistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (Articles 270–276) and the Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Illegal handling of narcotics carries up to 5 years; aggravated forms (committed by a group, or involving large amounts) 5–10 years; and an organised group 10–20 years. The drug-law ceiling is imprisonment. The precise possession-versus-trafficking sub-article and any gram thresholds are not confirmed here; verify against the current schedule. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with penalties graduated by aggravation up to imprisonment; no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Tanzania

Legal status: Controlled under the Drug Control and Enforcement Act No. 5 of 2015 (as amended by Act No. 15 of 2017) — trafficking (s.15) life imprisonment; cultivation (s.11) not less than 30 years; small-quantity possession (s.17) and use imprisonment (use ~5–10 years); the maximum penalty for drug offences is life imprisonment; the country's separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Tanzania under the Drug Control and Enforcement Act No. 5 of 2015 (as amended by Act No. 15 of 2017). In Tanzania, drugs fall under the Drug Control and Enforcement Act No. 5 of 2015 (as amended by Act No. 15 of 2017). Trafficking (s.15) carries life imprisonment; cultivation (s.11) carries not less than 30 years; and small-quantity possession (s.17) and use carry imprisonment (use roughly 5–10 years). The maximum penalty for drug offences is life imprisonment; the country's separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Tanzania, drugs fall under the Drug Control and Enforcement Act No. 5 of 2015 (as amended by Act No. 15 of 2017). Trafficking (s.15) carries life imprisonment; cultivation (s.11) carries not less than 30 years; and small-quantity possession (s.17) and use carry imprisonment (use roughly 5–10 years). The maximum penalty for drug offences is life imprisonment; the country's separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act; cultivation, trafficking and possession are offences, with penalties up to life imprisonment. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Azerbaijan

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000) — illegal acquisition/possession without intent to sell the lower tier (Art. 234); illegal manufacture/production/sale/trafficking (Art. 235), cultivation (Art. 237) and related conduct (Art. 240) escalate with quantity and aggravating factors (penalties tightened by 2022 amendments to Arts 235/237/240); the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Azerbaijan under the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000). In Azerbaijan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000). Illegal acquisition and possession of narcotic or psychotropic substances without intent to sell is the lower tier (Art. 234), while illegal manufacture, production, sale and trafficking (Art. 235), cultivation (Art. 237) and related conduct (Art. 240) escalate with quantity and aggravating factors, the Code's punishment ceiling being life imprisonment. Penalties were tightened by 2022 amendments to Articles 235, 237 and 240.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Azerbaijan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (adopted 30 December 1999, in force 1 September 2000). Illegal acquisition and possession of narcotic or psychotropic substances without intent to sell is the lower tier (Art. 234), while illegal manufacture, production, sale and trafficking (Art. 235), cultivation (Art. 237) and related conduct (Art. 240) escalate with quantity and aggravating factors, the Code's punishment ceiling being life imprisonment. Penalties were tightened by 2022 amendments to Articles 235, 237 and 240. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Mongolia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017) — drug trafficking (illegal manufacture/sale/distribution) carries imprisonment up to life; use or possession of small amounts carries lesser imprisonment; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Mongolia under the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017). In Mongolia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017). The core offences are drug trafficking — the illegal manufacture, sale or distribution of drugs — and drug possession; trafficking carries imprisonment up to life, while use or possession of small amounts carries lesser imprisonment. Mongolia's drug law does not provide a life-or-higher term for simple use; trafficking is the serious tier.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Mongolia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised, in force 1 July 2017). The core offences are drug trafficking — the illegal manufacture, sale or distribution of drugs — and drug possession; trafficking carries imprisonment up to life, while use or possession of small amounts carries lesser imprisonment. Mongolia's drug law does not provide a life-or-higher term for simple use; trafficking is the serious tier. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Moldova

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (Law No. 985/2002) — illegal circulation not for the purpose of sale (Art. 217) the lower, personal-use tier; illegal circulation for the purpose of sale/trafficking (Art. 217-1), precursors (Art. 217-2) and theft/extortion of drugs (Art. 217-4) carry heavier penalties, trafficking escalating to life imprisonment in aggravated cases; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Moldova under the Criminal Code (Law No. 985/2002). In Moldova, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (Law No. 985/2002). Illegal circulation of narcotic or psychotropic substances not for the purpose of sale (Art. 217) is the lower, personal-use tier, while illegal circulation for the purpose of sale — trafficking (Art. 217-1) — together with precursor offences (Art. 217-2) and theft or extortion of drugs (Art. 217-4) carry heavier penalties, trafficking escalating to life imprisonment in aggravated cases.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Moldova, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (Law No. 985/2002). Illegal circulation of narcotic or psychotropic substances not for the purpose of sale (Art. 217) is the lower, personal-use tier, while illegal circulation for the purpose of sale — trafficking (Art. 217-1) — together with precursor offences (Art. 217-2) and theft or extortion of drugs (Art. 217-4) carry heavier penalties, trafficking escalating to life imprisonment in aggravated cases. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Turkmenistan

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended) — illegal manufacture/processing/acquisition/storage/transport/transfer for the purpose of sale (Art. 292) is trafficking: production/storage/transport for sale 3–10 years, escalating to 12–20 years + confiscation for large-quantity/official-position/aggravated cases; use or possession up to 5 years; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Turkmenistan under the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended). In Turkmenistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended). The illegal manufacture, processing, acquisition, storage, transport or transfer of narcotic or psychotropic substances for the purpose of sale (Art. 292) and related articles are the trafficking offences: production, storage or transport for sale carries 3–10 years, escalating to 12–20 years with confiscation for large-quantity, official-position or otherwise aggravated cases, while use or possession carries up to 5 years.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Turkmenistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code (No. 222-1 of 1997, as amended). The illegal manufacture, processing, acquisition, storage, transport or transfer of narcotic or psychotropic substances for the purpose of sale (Art. 292) and related articles are the trafficking offences: production, storage or transport for sale carries 3–10 years, escalating to 12–20 years with confiscation for large-quantity, official-position or otherwise aggravated cases, while use or possession carries up to 5 years. Cannabis is controlled under the same Criminal Code framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Senegal

Legal status: Controlled under the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by Loi Latif Guèye No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007) — for Tableau I drugs, cultivation/production/manufacture (Art. 95) and international import/export/transport (Art. 96) 5–10 years + a fine equal to triple the value of the drugs seized; offer/sale/distribution/brokerage/transport/purchase/possession/use (Art. 97) 5–10 years + a 2,000,000–10,000,000 franc fine, raised by the 2007 amendment to fixed-term hard labour of 10–20 years for aggravated offering/sale; facilitating others' use (Art. 98) 2–5 years; personal-use possession/purchase (Art. 109) two months to one year; the maximum penalty is imprisonment (including fixed-term hard labour)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Senegal under the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by Loi Latif Guèye No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007). In Senegal, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by the 'Loi Latif Guèye' No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007). For Tableau I high-risk drugs, cultivation, production or manufacture (Art. 95) and international import, export or transport (Art. 96) carry 5–10 years and a fine equal to triple the value of the drugs seized; offer, sale, distribution, brokerage, transport, purchase, possession or use of Tableau I drugs (Art. 97) carries 5–10 years and a 2,000,000–10,000,000 franc fine — raised by the 2007 amendment to fixed-term hard labour of 10–20 years for aggravated offering or sale. Facilitating others' use (Art. 98) carries 2–5 years, and personal-use possession or purchase (Art. 109) two months to one year.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Senegal, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (Loi No. 97-18 of 1997, amended by the 'Loi Latif Guèye' No. 2007-31 of 27 December 2007). For Tableau I high-risk drugs, cultivation, production or manufacture (Art. 95) and international import, export or transport (Art. 96) carry 5–10 years and a fine equal to triple the value of the drugs seized; offer, sale, distribution, brokerage, transport, purchase, possession or use of Tableau I drugs (Art. 97) carries 5–10 years and a 2,000,000–10,000,000 franc fine — raised by the 2007 amendment to fixed-term hard labour of 10–20 years for aggravated offering or sale. Facilitating others' use (Art. 98) carries 2–5 years, and personal-use possession or purchase (Art. 109) two months to one year. Cannabis (chanvre indien) is a Tableau I drug under the same Code des Drogues, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Nicaragua

Legal status: Controlled under the Penal Code (Law No. 641) and the Law for the Prevention, Investigation and Prosecution of Organized Crime (Law No. 735, 2010) — trafficking 15–30 years served without early release; cultivation/sowing/harvesting 3–12 years; extraction/production/manufacture 6–20 years; storage 3–12 years; a statutory 'minimum dose' personal-use threshold exists (e.g. 1 g cocaine/crack, 10 g cannabis), and possession above it or with distribution indicators elevates to trafficking; the maximum penalty is imprisonment (15–30 years for trafficking)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Nicaragua under the Penal Code (Law No. 641) and the Law for the Prevention, Investigation and Prosecution of Organized Crime (Law No. 735, 2010). In Nicaragua, drugs fall under the Penal Code (Law No. 641) and the Law for the Prevention, Investigation and Prosecution of Organized Crime (Law No. 735, 2010). Trafficking carries 15–30 years, served without early release; cultivation, sowing or harvesting carries 3–12 years; extraction, production or manufacture 6–20 years; and storage 3–12 years. A statutory 'minimum dose' personal-use threshold exists — for example 1 g of cocaine or crack and 10 g of cannabis — and possession above that threshold, or with distribution indicators, elevates the offence to trafficking.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Nicaragua, drugs fall under the Penal Code (Law No. 641) and the Law for the Prevention, Investigation and Prosecution of Organized Crime (Law No. 735, 2010). Trafficking carries 15–30 years, served without early release; cultivation, sowing or harvesting carries 3–12 years; extraction, production or manufacture 6–20 years; and storage 3–12 years. A statutory 'minimum dose' personal-use threshold exists — for example 1 g of cocaine or crack and 10 g of cannabis — and possession above that threshold, or with distribution indicators, elevates the offence to trafficking. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with a 10 g 'minimum dose' personal-use threshold and no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Uganda

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016) — possession (s.4) carries imprisonment (substantial fixed terms up to ~25 years by substance/quantity); trafficking/smuggling/dealing (s.5 and related) up to life imprisonment; the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment, and the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Uganda under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016). In Uganda, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016). Possession (s.4) carries imprisonment — substantial fixed terms up to around 25 years depending on the substance and quantity — while trafficking, smuggling and dealing (s.5 and related provisions) carry up to life imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. A later 2023 consolidation/amendment of the drug law has been reported; this entry states the 2016 Act as in force and any subsequent amendment should be confirmed.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Uganda, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2016 (Act No. 3 of 2016). Possession (s.4) carries imprisonment — substantial fixed terms up to around 25 years depending on the substance and quantity — while trafficking, smuggling and dealing (s.5 and related provisions) carry up to life imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. A later 2023 consolidation/amendment of the drug law has been reported; this entry states the 2016 Act as in force and any subsequent amendment should be confirmed. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Zimbabwe

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] (dangerous-drugs provisions, s.155 onward) and the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02] — use/possession/cultivation for own use a fine and/or imprisonment up to 5 years; dealing/trafficking long fixed-term imprisonment rising with quantity/aggravation; the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment, and the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Zimbabwe under the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] and the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02]. In Zimbabwe, drugs fall under the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] (dangerous-drugs provisions, s.155 onward), together with the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02]. Use, possession or cultivation for one's own use carries a fine and/or imprisonment of up to 5 years, while dealing and trafficking carry long fixed-term imprisonment that rises with quantity and aggravation. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Zimbabwe, drugs fall under the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] (dangerous-drugs provisions, s.155 onward), together with the Dangerous Drugs Act [Chapter 15:02]. Use, possession or cultivation for one's own use carries a fine and/or imprisonment of up to 5 years, while dealing and trafficking carry long fixed-term imprisonment that rises with quantity and aggravation. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Ethiopia

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004) — trafficking (Art. 525) rigorous imprisonment 5–15 years + fine; lesser dealing sub-articles rigorous imprisonment ~5–7 years; the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment, and the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Ethiopia under the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004). In Ethiopia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004). Trafficking in narcotic or psychotropic substances (Art. 525) carries rigorous imprisonment of 5–15 years plus a fine, while lesser dealing sub-articles carry rigorous imprisonment in the 5–7 year range. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Ethiopia, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proclamation No. 414/2004). Trafficking in narcotic or psychotropic substances (Art. 525) carries rigorous imprisonment of 5–15 years plus a fine, while lesser dealing sub-articles carry rigorous imprisonment in the 5–7 year range. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. Khat (chat) is lawful and culturally significant in Ethiopia and is not a prohibited substance under the Criminal Code. Cannabis, by contrast, is controlled under the same Criminal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Algeria

Legal status: Controlled under Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 (as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023) — trafficking (production/manufacture/sale/transport with intent) 10–20 years + a DZD 5,000,000–50,000,000 fine, rising to 20–30 years for a public official/health professional or aggravated circumstances; personal-use possession lesser imprisonment and/or a fine; the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment, and the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Algeria under Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 (as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023). In Algeria, drugs fall under Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 on the prevention and suppression of the illicit use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023. Trafficking — production, manufacture, sale or transport with intent — carries imprisonment of 10–20 years plus a fine of DZD 5,000,000–50,000,000, rising to 20–30 years where committed by a public official or a health professional or in aggravated circumstances; personal-use possession carries lesser imprisonment and/or a fine. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Algeria, drugs fall under Law No. 04-18 of 25 December 2004 on the prevention and suppression of the illicit use and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as amended by Law No. 23-05 of 7 May 2023. Trafficking — production, manufacture, sale or transport with intent — carries imprisonment of 10–20 years plus a fine of DZD 5,000,000–50,000,000, rising to 20–30 years where committed by a public official or a health professional or in aggravated circumstances; personal-use possession carries lesser imprisonment and/or a fine. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. (Reported/unverified: human-rights reporting in 2025 referred to legislative efforts to expand the death penalty to certain drug offences; this is a reported proposal and is NOT reflected as enacted in the statute cited here — confirm against the current law.) Cannabis is controlled under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Tajikistan

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (1998, as amended to 2020) — illegal trafficking and related narcotics offences are the serious tier (specific current-code year-terms not pinned in this cell; confirm against the current schedule); the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment, and the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Tajikistan under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (1998, as amended to 2020). In Tajikistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (1998, as amended to 2020). Illegal trafficking and related narcotics offences are the serious tier; the ceiling for drug offences is imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. The precise current-code possession and trafficking terms should be confirmed against the current schedule.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Tajikistan, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (1998, as amended to 2020). Illegal trafficking and related narcotics offences are the serious tier; the ceiling for drug offences is imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment; the separate provisions for the gravest non-drug crimes do not extend to drug offences. The precise current-code possession and trafficking terms should be confirmed against the current schedule. (Historical note: older texts of the Code listed narcotics trafficking among capital offences; the current consolidated Code does not — it restricts the death penalty to a narrow set of grave non-drug crimes, and a moratorium has been in force since 2004.) Cannabis is controlled under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Papua New Guinea

Legal status: Controlled under the Controlled Substances Act 2021 (which replaced the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952) — the 2021 Act substantially increased penalties for possession, dealing and trafficking (specific terms and section numbers not pinned in this cell; confirm against the current statute); the maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Papua New Guinea under the Controlled Substances Act 2021. In Papua New Guinea, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act 2021, which replaced the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (whose penalties had been capped at around two years). The 2021 Act substantially increased the penalties for possession, dealing and trafficking, modelled on the imprisonment-based regimes of comparable Pacific and Commonwealth jurisdictions; Papua New Guinea repealed the death penalty in 2022, so the ceiling for all offences, drug offences included, is imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. The precise penalty quantities and section numbers under the 2021 Act are not pinned in this cell and should be confirmed against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Papua New Guinea, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act 2021, which replaced the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (whose penalties had been capped at around two years). The 2021 Act substantially increased the penalties for possession, dealing and trafficking, modelled on the imprisonment-based regimes of comparable Pacific and Commonwealth jurisdictions; Papua New Guinea repealed the death penalty in 2022, so the ceiling for all offences, drug offences included, is imprisonment. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. The precise penalty quantities and section numbers under the 2021 Act are not pinned in this cell and should be confirmed against the current statute. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-27

Angola

Legal status: Controlled under Lei n.º 3/99 (Lei sobre o Tráfico e Consumo de Estupefacientes, Substâncias Psicotrópicas e Precursores) — a six-table Portuguese-model statute under which cultivation, production, manufacture, trade, distribution, import, export, transport and possession of Table substances are prohibited; trafficking carries lengthy imprisonment, severe cases reaching the 10–25 year range characteristic of this statutory model; the precise trafficking-article number is not separately pinned here and is left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Angola under Lei n.º 3/99 (Lei sobre o Tráfico e Consumo de Estupefacientes, Substâncias Psicotrópicas e Precursores). In Angola, drugs fall under Lei n.º 3/99 (Lei sobre o Tráfico e Consumo de Estupefacientes, Substâncias Psicotrópicas e Precursores), a six-table Portuguese-model statute. The cultivation, production, manufacture, trade, distribution, import, export, transport and possession of Table substances are prohibited; trafficking carries lengthy imprisonment, with severe cases reaching the 10–25 year range characteristic of this statutory model. The precise trafficking-article number is not separately pinned here — verify the exact article and term against the current statute. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Angola, drugs fall under Lei n.º 3/99 (Lei sobre o Tráfico e Consumo de Estupefacientes, Substâncias Psicotrópicas e Precursores), a six-table Portuguese-model statute. The cultivation, production, manufacture, trade, distribution, import, export, transport and possession of Table substances are prohibited; trafficking carries lengthy imprisonment, with severe cases reaching the 10–25 year range characteristic of this statutory model. The precise trafficking-article number is not separately pinned here — verify the exact article and term against the current statute. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis (liamba) is a controlled drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Côte d'Ivoire

Legal status: Controlled under Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (four-table system; repealed Loi 88-686 of 1988) — trafficking-type offences (cultivation, production, manufacture, import/export/transport, offer/sale/distribution of Table I high-risk drugs) carry 5 to 10 years plus fines; supplying drugs to a minor 5 to 10 years; personal use 1 to 3 months; penalties doubled in aggravated cases (violence/weapon, public official); the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Côte d'Ivoire under Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs). In Côte d'Ivoire, drugs fall under Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs), a four-table system that repealed Loi 88-686 of 1988. Trafficking-type offences — cultivation, production, manufacture, import, export, transport and the offer, sale or distribution of Table I high-risk drugs — carry imprisonment of 5 to 10 years plus fines; supplying drugs to a minor carries 5 to 10 years; and personal use carries 1 to 3 months. Penalties are doubled in aggravated cases (violence or a weapon, or commission by a public official). The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Côte d'Ivoire, drugs fall under Loi n° 2022-407 du 13 juin 2022 (lutte contre le trafic et l'usage illicites des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et leurs précurseurs), a four-table system that repealed Loi 88-686 of 1988. Trafficking-type offences — cultivation, production, manufacture, import, export, transport and the offer, sale or distribution of Table I high-risk drugs — carry imprisonment of 5 to 10 years plus fines; supplying drugs to a minor carries 5 to 10 years; and personal use carries 1 to 3 months. Penalties are doubled in aggravated cases (violence or a weapon, or commission by a public official). The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is a Table I high-risk drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Rwanda

Legal status: Controlled under Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 and the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018) — unlawful manufacture/transformation/import/transport/sale/distribution is the serious tier; use and possession sit at lower tiers; the 2018 Penal Code substantially raised drug-offence penalties, serious trafficking reaching long fixed-term to life imprisonment; exact current Penal Code article year-terms not separately pinned here and left to confirmation against the current Penal Code; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Rwanda under Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 (governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors) together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018). In Rwanda, drugs fall under Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018, Official Gazette 27/09/2018). The unlawful manufacture, transformation, import, transport, sale or distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is the serious tier, while use and possession sit at lower tiers; the 2018 Penal Code substantially raised drug-offence penalties, serious trafficking reaching long fixed-term to life imprisonment. The exact current Penal Code article year-terms are not separately pinned here — verify against the current Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Rwanda, drugs fall under Law n° 03/2012 of 15/02/2012 governing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, together with the Penal Code (Law n° 68/2018, Official Gazette 27/09/2018). The unlawful manufacture, transformation, import, transport, sale or distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is the serious tier, while use and possession sit at lower tiers; the 2018 Penal Code substantially raised drug-offence penalties, serious trafficking reaching long fixed-term to life imprisonment. The exact current Penal Code article year-terms are not separately pinned here — verify against the current Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is controlled under the same framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Mozambique

Legal status: Controlled under Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas) — a six-table Portuguese-model statute under which trafficking, manufacture, import, export and distribution of controlled substances carry lengthy imprisonment, the ceiling being life imprisonment for the gravest cases; the precise trafficking-article number and terms are not separately pinned here and are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Mozambique under Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas). In Mozambique, drugs fall under Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas), a six-table Portuguese-model statute. Trafficking, manufacture, import, export and distribution of controlled substances carry lengthy imprisonment, the ceiling being life imprisonment for the gravest cases. The precise trafficking-article number and terms are not separately pinned here — verify the exact article and term against the current statute. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Mozambique, drugs fall under Lei n.º 3/97 (combate ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas), a six-table Portuguese-model statute. Trafficking, manufacture, import, export and distribution of controlled substances carry lengthy imprisonment, the ceiling being life imprisonment for the gravest cases. The precise trafficking-article number and terms are not separately pinned here — verify the exact article and term against the current statute. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Mauritius

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000, as amended) — a three-schedule system (Schedules I, II, III); drug-dealing and trafficking offences (s.30, s.29) carry a fine together with penal servitude (imprisonment); for a person averred to be a drug trafficker where the street value exceeds one million rupees, a fine up to 2,000,000 rupees together with penal servitude up to 60 years; the maximum penalty is imprisonment (penal servitude)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Mauritius under the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000, as amended). In Mauritius, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000), as amended, a three-schedule system (Schedules I, II and III). Drug-dealing and trafficking offences (s.30 and s.29) carry a fine together with penal servitude (imprisonment); for a person averred to be a drug trafficker where the street value of the drugs exceeds one million rupees, the penalty is a fine of up to 2,000,000 rupees together with penal servitude for a term of up to 60 years. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (penal servitude).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Mauritius, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 (Act No. 41 of 2000), as amended, a three-schedule system (Schedules I, II and III). Drug-dealing and trafficking offences (s.30 and s.29) carry a fine together with penal servitude (imprisonment); for a person averred to be a drug trafficker where the street value of the drugs exceeds one million rupees, the penalty is a fine of up to 2,000,000 rupees together with penal servitude for a term of up to 60 years. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment (penal servitude). Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Bhutan

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018) — a six-schedule system; illegal possession (s.137) and illicit trafficking (s.139) are graded by quantity against the Schedule VII thresholds, with penalties set by reference to the Penal Code of Bhutan sentencing tiers (felony degrees) and ranging up to long fixed-term imprisonment; exact year-terms keyed to those felony-degree tiers not separately pinned here and left to confirmation against the current Act and Penal Code; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Bhutan under the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018). In Bhutan, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018), a six-schedule system. Illegal possession (s.137) and illicit trafficking (s.139 — possessing, importing, exporting, storing, selling, purchasing, transporting, distributing or supplying Schedule I/II substances) are graded by quantity against the Schedule VII thresholds, with penalties set by reference to the sentencing tiers (felony degrees) of the Penal Code of Bhutan and ranging up to long fixed-term imprisonment. The exact year-terms keyed to those Penal Code felony-degree tiers are not separately pinned here — verify against the current Act and Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Bhutan, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Substance Abuse Act of Bhutan 2015 (as amended 2018), a six-schedule system. Illegal possession (s.137) and illicit trafficking (s.139 — possessing, importing, exporting, storing, selling, purchasing, transporting, distributing or supplying Schedule I/II substances) are graded by quantity against the Schedule VII thresholds, with penalties set by reference to the sentencing tiers (felony degrees) of the Penal Code of Bhutan and ranging up to long fixed-term imprisonment. The exact year-terms keyed to those Penal Code felony-degree tiers are not separately pinned here — verify against the current Act and Penal Code. The maximum penalty for drug offences is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Botswana

Legal status: Controlled under the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018 — trafficking (s.5) carries up to 25 years plus a fine of up to P500,000; cultivation (s.6) up to 20 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Botswana under the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018. In Botswana, drugs fall under the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018. Trafficking (s.5) carries imprisonment of up to 25 years together with a fine of up to P500,000, and cultivation (s.6) up to 20 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Botswana retains and uses the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes (murder, treason, piracy under the Penal Code); it does NOT extend to drug offences — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A 2024 government white paper reportedly recommended introducing a death penalty for drug trafficking; this was a recommendation only and has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute. botswanalaws.com is a lead for the consolidated text only, never a cited source.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Botswana, drugs fall under the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 2018. Trafficking (s.5) carries imprisonment of up to 25 years together with a fine of up to P500,000, and cultivation (s.6) up to 20 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Botswana retains and uses the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes (murder, treason, piracy under the Penal Code); it does NOT extend to drug offences — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A 2024 government white paper reportedly recommended introducing a death penalty for drug trafficking; this was a recommendation only and has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute. botswanalaws.com is a lead for the consolidated text only, never a cited source. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Zambia

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021 (which repealed Cap. 96 of 1993) — possession carries up to 15 years and trafficking up to 25 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Zambia under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021. In Zambia, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021, which repealed the former Cap. 96 of 1993. Possession carries up to 15 years and trafficking up to 25 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Zambia retains the death penalty for murder and treason only and is abolitionist in practice (commutations in 2022); it does NOT extend to drug offences — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Zambia, drugs fall under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act No. 35 of 2021, which repealed the former Cap. 96 of 1993. Possession carries up to 15 years and trafficking up to 25 years; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Zambia retains the death penalty for murder and treason only and is abolitionist in practice (commutations in 2022); it does NOT extend to drug offences — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Cameroon

Legal status: Controlled under Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997 — trafficking offences (Sections 91–95) carry 10 to 20 years plus a fine of up to 250,000,000 FCFA; cannabis, heroin and cocaine are high-risk drugs; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Cameroon under Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997. In Cameroon, drugs fall under Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997. Trafficking offences (Sections 91–95) carry imprisonment of 10 to 20 years together with a fine of up to 250,000,000 FCFA; cannabis, heroin and cocaine are high-risk drugs. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cameroon retains the death penalty for terrorism and murder and is abolitionist in practice (no executions since 1997); the drug statute does NOT provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. droitcamerounais.info and vertic.org are leads for the consolidated text only, never cited sources.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Cameroon, drugs fall under Loi n° 97/19 du 7 août 1997. Trafficking offences (Sections 91–95) carry imprisonment of 10 to 20 years together with a fine of up to 250,000,000 FCFA; cannabis, heroin and cocaine are high-risk drugs. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cameroon retains the death penalty for terrorism and murder and is abolitionist in practice (no executions since 1997); the drug statute does NOT provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. droitcamerounais.info and vertic.org are leads for the consolidated text only, never cited sources. Cannabis is a high-risk drug under the same statute, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Fiji

Legal status: Controlled under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 — unlawful import/export/manufacture/possession/supply/trafficking of illicit drugs (s.4) carries a fine of up to FJ$1,000,000 together with imprisonment up to life; the maximum penalty is life imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Fiji under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004. In Fiji, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004. The unlawful import, export, manufacture, possession, supply or trafficking of illicit drugs (s.4) carries a fine of up to FJ$1,000,000 together with imprisonment up to life. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is life imprisonment. A March 2026 proposal to reintroduce the death penalty amid trafficking concerns was reported; it has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Fiji, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004. The unlawful import, export, manufacture, possession, supply or trafficking of illicit drugs (s.4) carries a fine of up to FJ$1,000,000 together with imprisonment up to life. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is life imprisonment. A March 2026 proposal to reintroduce the death penalty amid trafficking concerns was reported; it has NOT been enacted; verify against the current statute. Cannabis is an illicit drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Liechtenstein

Legal status: Controlled under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983 (Austrian/Swiss model) — trafficking and the unlawful supply of narcotic drugs carry imprisonment; the precise quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Liechtenstein under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983. In Liechtenstein, drugs fall under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983, which follows the Austrian/Swiss model. Trafficking and the unlawful supply of narcotic drugs carry imprisonment; cannabis containing more than 1% THC is prohibited. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Liechtenstein, drugs fall under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz of 20 April 1983, which follows the Austrian/Swiss model. Trafficking and the unlawful supply of narcotic drugs carry imprisonment; cannabis containing more than 1% THC is prohibited. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis containing more than 1% THC is prohibited under the same Act, with no legal recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Macau

Legal status: Controlled under Law No. 17/2009 (amended by Law No. 10/2016, in force 28 January 2017) — trafficking (Art. 8) carries 3 to 15 years; the maximum penalty is imprisonment (capped at 30 years, with no life term)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Macau under Law No. 17/2009 (amended by Law No. 10/2016, in force 28 January 2017). In Macau, drugs fall under Law No. 17/2009 (amended by Law No. 10/2016, in force 28 January 2017). Trafficking (Art. 8) carries imprisonment of 3 to 15 years. Macau's criminal-law system is separate from mainland China's under the Basic Law; its maximum penalty for any offence is imprisonment (capped at 30 years, with no life term). A 2023/2024 proposal to raise the minimum trafficking penalty from 3 to 5 years was reported; confirm whether it has been enacted against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Macau, drugs fall under Law No. 17/2009 (amended by Law No. 10/2016, in force 28 January 2017). Trafficking (Art. 8) carries imprisonment of 3 to 15 years. Macau's criminal-law system is separate from mainland China's under the Basic Law; its maximum penalty for any offence is imprisonment (capped at 30 years, with no life term). A 2023/2024 proposal to raise the minimum trafficking penalty from 3 to 5 years was reported; confirm whether it has been enacted against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Namibia

Legal status: Controlled under the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971 — dealing (s.2) and possession (s.3) carry imprisonment plus a fine (case law ~12 years for cocaine dealing; cannabis up to ~10 years); the precise trafficking-quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Namibia under the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971. In Namibia, drugs fall under the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971. Dealing in a dangerous dependence-producing drug (s.2) and possession (s.3) carry imprisonment together with a fine — case law has seen sentences of around 12 years for cocaine dealing, and cannabis possession or dealing draws fines and imprisonment of up to about 10 years; the precise trafficking-quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Namibia, drugs fall under the Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act 41 of 1971. Dealing in a dangerous dependence-producing drug (s.2) and possession (s.3) carry imprisonment together with a fine — case law has seen sentences of around 12 years for cocaine dealing, and cannabis possession or dealing draws fines and imprisonment of up to about 10 years; the precise trafficking-quantity bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a prohibited dependence-producing drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Madagascar

Legal status: Controlled under Loi n° 97-039 (six-table/high-risk model) — trafficking in a high-risk (Tableau I) drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Madagascar under Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs. In Madagascar, drugs fall under Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs, which classifies drugs across a six-table/high-risk model. Trafficking in a high-risk (Tableau I) drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Madagascar, drugs fall under Loi n° 97-039 sur le contrôle des stupéfiants, des substances psychotropes et des précurseurs, which classifies drugs across a six-table/high-risk model. Trafficking in a high-risk (Tableau I) drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Burkina Faso

Legal status: Controlled under Burkina Faso's national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants) — drug use is punishable by 1 to 6 months' imprisonment and trafficking/import carries imprisonment; the precise trafficking article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Burkina Faso under Burkina Faso's national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants). In Burkina Faso, drugs fall under the national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants). Drug use is punishable by 1 to 6 months' imprisonment, and trafficking or import carries imprisonment; the precise trafficking article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Burkina Faso, drugs fall under the national drug code (loi sur les stupéfiants). Drug use is punishable by 1 to 6 months' imprisonment, and trafficking or import carries imprisonment; the precise trafficking article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Benin

Legal status: Controlled under the Code des Drogues — classified a drogue à haut risque; any export regardless of quantity is treated as trafficking; high-risk trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Benin under the Code des Drogues. In Benin, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues. Cannabis, heroin and cocaine are classified as drogues à haut risque, and any export regardless of quantity is treated as trafficking; trafficking in a high-risk drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Benin, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues. Cannabis, heroin and cocaine are classified as drogues à haut risque, and any export regardless of quantity is treated as trafficking; trafficking in a high-risk drug carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a drogue à haut risque under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Mali

Legal status: Controlled under Mali's national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Mali under Mali's national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants). In Mali, drugs fall under the national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Malian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Mali, drugs fall under the national drug law (loi portant répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite des stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Malian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Togo

Legal status: Controlled under the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Togo under the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants). In Togo, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Togo, drugs fall under the Code des Drogues (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

DR Congo

Legal status: Controlled under the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917) — cultivation, sale, transport, possession and consumption are prohibited; trafficking carries 5 to 20 years' servitude pénale principale; the precise trafficking article is left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the DR Congo under the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917). In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, drugs fall under the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917), which prohibits the cultivation, sale, transport, possession and consumption of drugs. Trafficking offences carry 5 to 20 years' servitude pénale principale under Congolese penal doctrine; the precise trafficking article is left to confirmation against the current statute (the 1903/1917 ordinance is old and not granular). The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. The Democratic Republic of the Congo retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (servitude pénale).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, drugs fall under the Ordonnance of 1903 on chanvre (approved by the Décret of 10 March 1917), which prohibits the cultivation, sale, transport, possession and consumption of drugs. Trafficking offences carry 5 to 20 years' servitude pénale principale under Congolese penal doctrine; the precise trafficking article is left to confirmation against the current statute (the 1903/1917 ordinance is old and not granular). The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. The Democratic Republic of the Congo retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (servitude pénale). Cannabis (chanvre) is the drug specifically prohibited by the same Ordonnance, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Malawi

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02) — trafficking and the unlawful possession or supply of dangerous drugs carry imprisonment; the precise penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Malawi under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02). In Malawi, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02). Trafficking and the unlawful possession or supply of dangerous drugs carry imprisonment; the precise penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Malawi, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 35:02). Trafficking and the unlawful possession or supply of dangerous drugs carry imprisonment; the precise penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Lesotho

Legal status: Controlled under the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008 — trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Lesotho under the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008. In Lesotho, drugs fall under the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Lesotho retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice; its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Lesotho, drugs fall under the Drugs of Abuse Act No. 6 of 2008. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Lesotho retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice; its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Eswatini

Legal status: Controlled under the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act (with Pharmacy Act provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise statute and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Eswatini under the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act (with Pharmacy Act provisions). In Eswatini, drugs fall under the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act together with provisions of the Pharmacy Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise statute and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eswatini retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice (no executions in decades); its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Eswatini, drugs fall under the Opium and Habit-Forming Drugs Act together with provisions of the Pharmacy Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise statute and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eswatini retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes and is abolitionist in practice (no executions in decades); its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Mauritania

Legal status: Controlled under Mauritania's national drug control statute — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty under the named drug law is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Mauritania under Mauritania's national drug control statute (within a sharia-influenced criminal law). In Mauritania, drugs fall under the national drug control statute within a sharia-influenced criminal law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty asserted for a drug offence under the named drug law is imprisonment. Not confirmed — Mauritania's criminal law is sharia-influenced and reportedly permits the death penalty for some trafficking offences, but a specific drug death-penalty statute article is not confirmed here. The country has observed a de facto execution moratorium since 1987. Verify against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Mauritania, drugs fall under the national drug control statute within a sharia-influenced criminal law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty asserted for a drug offence under the named drug law is imprisonment. Not confirmed — Mauritania's criminal law is sharia-influenced and reportedly permits the death penalty for some trafficking offences, but a specific drug death-penalty statute article is not confirmed here. The country has observed a de facto execution moratorium since 1987. Verify against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Sierra Leone

Legal status: Controlled under the National Drugs Control Act 2008 (Prohibited/High-Risk/Risk schedules) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Sierra Leone under the National Drugs Control Act 2008. In Sierra Leone, drugs fall under the National Drugs Control Act 2008, which schedules drugs as Prohibited, High-Risk and Risk drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Sierra Leone, drugs fall under the National Drugs Control Act 2008, which schedules drugs as Prohibited, High-Risk and Risk drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Seychelles

Legal status: Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016 — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine, with aggravated trafficking up to life imprisonment; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Seychelles under the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016. In Seychelles, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, with aggravated trafficking punishable by up to life imprisonment; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Seychelles, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 2016. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, with aggravated trafficking punishable by up to life imprisonment; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Cabo Verde

Legal status: Controlled under Lei n.º 78/IV/93 (Lusophone six-table model) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Cabo Verde under Lei n.º 78/IV/93 (the drug law). In Cabo Verde, drugs fall under Lei n.º 78/IV/93, which follows the Lusophone six-table model. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Cabo Verdean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Cabo Verde, drugs fall under Lei n.º 78/IV/93, which follows the Lusophone six-table model. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Cabo Verdean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Gambia

Legal status: Controlled under the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Gambia under the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended). In the Gambia, drugs fall under the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Gambian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Gambia, drugs fall under the Drug Control Act 2014 (as amended). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Gambian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Belize

Legal status: Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 103) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Belize under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 103). In Belize, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 103). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Belize, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 103). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act (small-quantity possession has been decriminalised, but supply and trafficking remain offences), with no legal commercial recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Kosovo

Legal status: Controlled under the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Kosovo under the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors. In Kosovo, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Kosovo, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of Kosovo (narcotics articles) together with the Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Timor-Leste

Legal status: Controlled under the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles), with the country adhering to the UN 1988 Convention — trafficking carries imprisonment; the Penal Code's maximum term is 30 years, with no life imprisonment; the precise drug-trafficking article and penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Timor-Leste under the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles). In Timor-Leste, drug trafficking falls under the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles), backed by the country's adhesion to the UN 1988 Convention. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the Penal Code's maximum term is 30 years, with no life imprisonment; the precise drug-trafficking article and penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Timor-Leste, drug trafficking falls under the Penal Code of Timor-Leste (drug-trafficking articles), backed by the country's adhesion to the UN 1988 Convention. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the Penal Code's maximum term is 30 years, with no life imprisonment; the precise drug-trafficking article and penalty bands are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same framework, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Eritrea

Legal status: Controlled under the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions) — trafficking is graded by scale (small-scale 3 to 5 years; commercial quantity 5 to 7 years; large commercial 7 to 10 years; supply to a minor 16 to 19 years); personal-use possession is a lesser offence; the precise article is left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Eritrea under the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions). In Eritrea, drugs fall under the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions), which grades drug trafficking by scale: small-scale trafficking carries 3 to 5 years, a commercial quantity 5 to 7 years, a large commercial quantity 7 to 10 years, and supply to a minor 16 to 19 years; personal-use possession is a lesser offence; the precise article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eritrea retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its Penal Code drug provisions do not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Eritrea, drugs fall under the Penal Code of Eritrea 2015 (drug-control provisions), which grades drug trafficking by scale: small-scale trafficking carries 3 to 5 years, a commercial quantity 5 to 7 years, a large commercial quantity 7 to 10 years, and supply to a minor 16 to 19 years; personal-use possession is a lesser offence; the precise article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Eritrea retains the death penalty for the gravest non-drug crimes, but its Penal Code drug provisions do not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Penal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Somalia

Legal status: Controlled under the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised) — Somalia has ratified the UN narcotic conventions but has no modern codified drug-control statute with quantified penalties; drug offences fall under the dated Penal Code and the specific penalty is left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty asserted under the named Penal Code is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Somalia under the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised). In Somalia, drug offences fall under the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised); Somalia has ratified the UN narcotic conventions but has no modern codified drug-control statute with quantified penalties, so the precise penalty is not cleanly pinned. The maximum penalty asserted under the named (dated) Penal Code is imprisonment; the specific penalty is left to confirmation against the current statute. Not confirmed — Somalia carries out executions for the gravest non-drug crimes, but no codified drug-death-penalty statute article is confirmed here; the 1964 Penal Code governs drug offences and its specific penalties are not confirmed. Verify against the current statute.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Somalia, drug offences fall under the Somali Penal Code of 1964 (unrevised); Somalia has ratified the UN narcotic conventions but has no modern codified drug-control statute with quantified penalties, so the precise penalty is not cleanly pinned. The maximum penalty asserted under the named (dated) Penal Code is imprisonment; the specific penalty is left to confirmation against the current statute. Not confirmed — Somalia carries out executions for the gravest non-drug crimes, but no codified drug-death-penalty statute article is confirmed here; the 1964 Penal Code governs drug offences and its specific penalties are not confirmed. Verify against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same dated Penal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Congo

Legal status: Controlled under the Republic of the Congo's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) under the Republic of the Congo's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law). In the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Burundi

Legal status: Controlled under Burundi's Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Burundi under Burundi's Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). In Burundi, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Burundi, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2009 drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Djibouti

Legal status: Controlled under Djibouti's national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Djibouti under Djibouti's national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions). In Djibouti, drugs fall under the national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Djibouti, drugs fall under the national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Gabon

Legal status: Controlled under Gabon's Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Gabon under Gabon's Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). In Gabon, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Gabon, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions (loi sur les stupéfiants). Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Guinea

Legal status: Controlled under Guinea's drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Guinea under Guinea's drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues). In Guinea, drugs fall under the national drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Guinea, drugs fall under the national drug-control law (Loi L/2016/035/AN; Loi sur le contrôle des drogues). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Niger

Legal status: Controlled under Niger's drug law (Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Niger under Niger's drug law (Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue). In Niger, drugs fall under Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Nigerien drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Niger, drugs fall under Loi n° 99-42 du 23 septembre 1999 sur la lutte contre la drogue. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Nigerien drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Chad

Legal status: Controlled under Chad's drug law (Loi n° 31/PR/2018 / Penal Code drug provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Chad under Chad's drug law (Loi n° 31/PR/2018 / Penal Code drug provisions). In Chad, drugs fall under Loi n° 31/PR/2018 together with the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Chadian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Chad, drugs fall under Loi n° 31/PR/2018 together with the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Chadian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Central African Republic

Legal status: Controlled under the Central African Republic's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Central African Republic under the Central African Republic's Penal Code drug provisions (national drug law). In the Central African Republic, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Central African drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Central African Republic, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Central African drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Liberia

Legal status: Controlled under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014 (as amended in 2022, reclassifying drug offences as a first-degree felony) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Liberia under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014 (as amended in 2022). In Liberia, drugs fall under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014, as amended in 2022 to reclassify drug offences as a first-degree felony. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Liberia retains the death penalty in law for the gravest non-drug crimes (it has not carried out an execution in decades and has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Liberia, drugs fall under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2014, as amended in 2022 to reclassify drug offences as a first-degree felony. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Liberia retains the death penalty in law for the gravest non-drug crimes (it has not carried out an execution in decades and has acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Equatorial Guinea

Legal status: Controlled under Equatorial Guinea's Penal Code 2022 drug provisions (national drug law) — trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Equatorial Guinea under Equatorial Guinea's Penal Code 2022 drug provisions (national drug law). In Equatorial Guinea, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2022 drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Equatoguinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Equatorial Guinea, drugs fall under the Penal Code 2022 drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Equatoguinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Guinea-Bissau

Legal status: Controlled under Guinea-Bissau's drug-control law (Lei n.º 7/2008) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Guinea-Bissau under Guinea-Bissau's drug-control law (Lei n.º 7/2008). In Guinea-Bissau, drugs fall under Lei n.º 7/2008 (the national drug-control law); the country is a known trans-shipment state. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Bissau-Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Guinea-Bissau, drugs fall under Lei n.º 7/2008 (the national drug-control law); the country is a known trans-shipment state. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Bissau-Guinean drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Comoros

Legal status: Controlled under Comoros' national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Comoros under Comoros' national drug law (Penal Code drug provisions). In Comoros, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Comorian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Comoros, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions / national drug law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Comorian drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

South Sudan

Legal status: Prohibited under the Penal Code Act, 2008 — high-level/aggravated drug trafficking is a CAPITAL offence (lower-level offences and personal-use possession carry imprisonment and/or a fine); the specific Penal Code article for the drug capital provision is left to confirmation against the current Penal Code; high-level trafficking is capital-eligible
Consequences if caught: MDMA is prohibited in South Sudan under the Penal Code Act, 2008. In South Sudan, drugs fall under the Penal Code Act, 2008. Under the Penal Code Act 2008, high-level/aggravated drug trafficking is a capital offence — the Penal Code enumerates the offences punishable by death, which include high-level drug trafficking alongside murder, treason and terrorism resulting in death; lower-level drug offences and personal-use possession carry imprisonment and/or a fine. South Sudan actively carries out executions (140+ between 2011 and 2018, with 300+ reported on death row), and a death sentence must be confirmed by the President and the Supreme Court. The specific Penal Code article for the drug capital provision is left to confirmation against the current Penal Code; the capital-for-high-level-trafficking assertion itself stands.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In South Sudan, drugs fall under the Penal Code Act, 2008. Under the Penal Code Act 2008, high-level/aggravated drug trafficking is a capital offence — the Penal Code enumerates the offences punishable by death, which include high-level drug trafficking alongside murder, treason and terrorism resulting in death; lower-level drug offences and personal-use possession carry imprisonment and/or a fine. South Sudan actively carries out executions (140+ between 2011 and 2018, with 300+ reported on death row), and a death sentence must be confirmed by the President and the Supreme Court. The specific Penal Code article for the drug capital provision is left to confirmation against the current Penal Code; the capital-for-high-level-trafficking assertion itself stands. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Penal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Vanuatu

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Vanuatu under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12) (Vanuatu). In Vanuatu, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Ni-Vanuatu drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Vanuatu, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 12). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Ni-Vanuatu drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Samoa

Legal status: Controlled under the Narcotics Act 1967 — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Samoa under the Narcotics Act 1967 (Samoa). In Samoa, drugs fall under the Narcotics Act 1967. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Samoan drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Samoa, drugs fall under the Narcotics Act 1967. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Samoan drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Solomon Islands

Legal status: Controlled under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Solomon Islands under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98) (Solomon Islands). In Solomon Islands, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Solomon Islands drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Solomon Islands, drugs fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act (Cap. 98). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Solomon Islands drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Andorra

Legal status: Controlled under Andorra's Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Andorra under Andorra's Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions. In Andorra, drugs fall under the Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Andorran drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Andorra, drugs fall under the Penal Code (Codi Penal) drug-trafficking provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Andorran drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Penal Code provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Monaco

Legal status: Controlled under Monaco's drug law (Penal Code / Loi sur les stupéfiants) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Monaco under Monaco's drug law (Penal Code / Loi sur les stupéfiants). In Monaco, drugs fall under the Penal Code together with the Loi sur les stupéfiants. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Monégasque drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Monaco, drugs fall under the Penal Code together with the Loi sur les stupéfiants. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Monégasque drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

San Marino

Legal status: Controlled under San Marino's Penal Code drug provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in San Marino under San Marino's Penal Code drug provisions. In San Marino, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Sammarinese drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In San Marino, drugs fall under the Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Sammarinese drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is controlled under the same provisions, with a regulated medical-cannabis regime permitted while recreational supply remains prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Cook Islands

Legal status: Controlled under the Cook Islands' Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004 — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Cook Islands under the Cook Islands' Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004. In the Cook Islands, drugs fall under the Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Cook Islands, drugs fall under the Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Nauru

Legal status: Controlled under Nauru's drug law (Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 / Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Nauru under Nauru's drug law (Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 / Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions). In Nauru, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 together with the Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Nauru, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004 together with the Crimes Act 2016 drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Palau

Legal status: Controlled under Palau's National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Palau under Palau's National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions. In Palau, drugs fall under the National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Palau, drugs fall under the National Code Title 34 (Crimes) controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Title 34 provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Tonga

Legal status: Controlled under Tonga's Illicit Drugs Control Act (as amended in 2020 and 2021) — trafficking and serious offences carry up to life imprisonment; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment (up to life)
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Tonga under Tonga's Illicit Drugs Control Act (as amended in 2020 and 2021). In Tonga, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act, as amended in 2020 and 2021. The 2020 amendment toughened penalties (modelled on New Zealand's drug law); trafficking and serious offences carry up to life imprisonment, and the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life). Tonga retains the death penalty in law for murder and treason under the Criminal Offences Act (abolitionist in practice — no execution since 1982), but its drug legislation does NOT provide a death penalty: a 2021 bill to extend the death penalty to serious drug trafficking was debated and REJECTED by the Legislative Assembly (the death-penalty provisions were withdrawn before the Illicit Drugs Control Bill passed 19–0), and a 2004 proposal to add the death penalty for drug possession was likewise defeated. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life).
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Tonga, drugs fall under the Illicit Drugs Control Act, as amended in 2020 and 2021. The 2020 amendment toughened penalties (modelled on New Zealand's drug law); trafficking and serious offences carry up to life imprisonment, and the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life). Tonga retains the death penalty in law for murder and treason under the Criminal Offences Act (abolitionist in practice — no execution since 1982), but its drug legislation does NOT provide a death penalty: a 2021 bill to extend the death penalty to serious drug trafficking was debated and REJECTED by the Legislative Assembly (the death-penalty provisions were withdrawn before the Illicit Drugs Control Bill passed 19–0), and a 2004 proposal to add the death penalty for drug possession was likewise defeated. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment (up to life). [reported, NOT enacted] A 2021 private member's bill proposed a mandatory death sentence for trafficking 5 kg or more of a Class A drug; it was rejected and is NOT law. Verify against the current statute. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Kiribati

Legal status: Controlled under Kiribati's Penal Code / drug-control provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Kiribati under Kiribati's Penal Code / drug-control provisions. In Kiribati, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Kiribati, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Tuvalu

Legal status: Controlled under Tuvalu's Penal Code / drug-control provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Tuvalu under Tuvalu's Penal Code / drug-control provisions. In Tuvalu, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Tuvalu, drugs fall under the Penal Code / drug-control provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same provisions, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Marshall Islands

Legal status: Controlled under the Marshall Islands Revised Code (Title 25 / controlled-substances provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Marshall Islands under the Marshall Islands Revised Code (Title 25 / controlled-substances provisions). In the Marshall Islands, drugs fall under the Revised Code, Title 25 (controlled-substances provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Marshall Islands, drugs fall under the Revised Code, Title 25 (controlled-substances provisions). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Micronesia

Legal status: Controlled under the FSM Code Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Micronesia under the FSM Code Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions. In Micronesia (the Federated States of Micronesia), drugs fall under the FSM Code, Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Micronesia (the Federated States of Micronesia), drugs fall under the FSM Code, Title 11 (Crimes) / controlled-substances provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute (paclii.org) with UNODC (unodc.org/cld) and Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Suriname

Legal status: Controlled under Suriname's drug law (Penal Code / Opium Act — Wet Verdovende Middelen — drug provisions) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Suriname under Suriname's drug law (Penal Code / Opium Act — Wet Verdovende Middelen — drug provisions). In Suriname, drugs fall under the Penal Code together with the Opium Act (Wet Verdovende Middelen) drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Surinamese drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Suriname, drugs fall under the Penal Code together with the Opium Act (Wet Verdovende Middelen) drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal for the current Surinamese drug law was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

North Korea

Legal status: Controlled under the DPRK Criminal Code (2013 revision and later amendments) — serious drug production and trafficking are capital-eligible (the death penalty applies to the gravest offences), with lower-level offences punishable by imprisonment or corrective labour; the specific article is left to confirmation against the current Criminal Code; the maximum penalty is death for the gravest drug offences
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in North Korea under the DPRK Criminal Code (2013 revision and later amendments). In North Korea, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the DPRK (2013 revision and later amendments). The 2013 penal code revision designated illegal drug production a capital offence, and serious drug trafficking and smuggling are treated as grave crimes that can carry the death penalty; lower-level offences carry imprisonment or corrective labour. North Korea is among the small group of states with believed or confirmed drug-related executions in recent years (per the Harm Reduction International Global Overview); independent verification is constrained by extreme state opacity, and the specific Criminal Code article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for the gravest drug offences is death. A primary statute portal for DPRK law was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In North Korea, drugs fall under the Criminal Code of the DPRK (2013 revision and later amendments). The 2013 penal code revision designated illegal drug production a capital offence, and serious drug trafficking and smuggling are treated as grave crimes that can carry the death penalty; lower-level offences carry imprisonment or corrective labour. North Korea is among the small group of states with believed or confirmed drug-related executions in recent years (per the Harm Reduction International Global Overview); independent verification is constrained by extreme state opacity, and the specific Criminal Code article is left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for the gravest drug offences is death. A primary statute portal for DPRK law was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Criminal Code, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

State of Palestine

Legal status: Controlled in the State of Palestine — in the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip serious drug trafficking is capital-eligible (death sentences imposed and carried out), while in the West Bank the Palestinian Authority applies a different framework with an execution moratorium; the precise governing instrument and article are left to confirmation against the current law; the maximum penalty is death in the Gaza Strip for the gravest drug-trafficking offences
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the State of Palestine under the applicable Palestinian penal law (Gaza Strip military orders / West Bank Palestinian Authority framework). In the State of Palestine, drug law differs by territory. In the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip, serious drug trafficking is a capital offence under military orders, and Gaza courts have sentenced people to death for drug trafficking (for example, four death sentences in 2022) with executions carried out. In the West Bank, the Palestinian Authority applies a different framework and maintains a longstanding execution moratorium. Harm Reduction International's 2023 Global Overview lists the State of Palestine among states retaining the death penalty for drug offences. The precise governing instrument and article are left to confirmation against the current law in each territory. [jurisdiction-split] Capital drug provisions are associated with the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip; the West Bank / Palestinian Authority framework differs and maintains an execution moratorium. Verify against the current governing law in each territory. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the State of Palestine, drug law differs by territory. In the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip, serious drug trafficking is a capital offence under military orders, and Gaza courts have sentenced people to death for drug trafficking (for example, four death sentences in 2022) with executions carried out. In the West Bank, the Palestinian Authority applies a different framework and maintains a longstanding execution moratorium. Harm Reduction International's 2023 Global Overview lists the State of Palestine among states retaining the death penalty for drug offences. The precise governing instrument and article are left to confirmation against the current law in each territory. [jurisdiction-split] Capital drug provisions are associated with the Hamas-administered Gaza Strip; the West Bank / Palestinian Authority framework differs and maintains an execution moratorium. Verify against the current governing law in each territory. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor (loc.gov) and the UNODC legal database, with Harm Reduction International as a corroborating record. Cannabis is a controlled drug, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Antigua and Barbuda

Legal status: Controlled under Antigua and Barbuda's Misuse of Drugs Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Antigua and Barbuda under Antigua and Barbuda's Misuse of Drugs Act. In Antigua and Barbuda, drugs fall under Antigua and Barbuda's Misuse of Drugs Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Antigua and Barbuda retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice — no execution in over a decade), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Antigua and Barbuda, drugs fall under Antigua and Barbuda's Misuse of Drugs Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Antigua and Barbuda retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice — no execution in over a decade), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Barbados

Legal status: Controlled under Barbados's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Barbados under Barbados's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. In Barbados, drugs fall under Barbados's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Barbados retains the death penalty in law for murder (the mandatory death penalty was struck down in 2018; abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Barbados, drugs fall under Barbados's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Barbados retains the death penalty in law for murder (the mandatory death penalty was struck down in 2018; abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Dominica

Legal status: Controlled under Dominica's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Dominica under Dominica's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. In Dominica, drugs fall under Dominica's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Dominica retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Dominica, drugs fall under Dominica's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Dominica retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Grenada

Legal status: Controlled under Grenada's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Grenada under Grenada's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. In Grenada, drugs fall under Grenada's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Grenada retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice — no execution since 1978), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Grenada, drugs fall under Grenada's Drug Abuse (Prevention and Control) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Grenada retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice — no execution since 1978), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Legal status: Controlled under Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Saint Kitts and Nevis under Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, drugs fall under Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Kitts and Nevis retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Saint Kitts and Nevis, drugs fall under Saint Kitts and Nevis's Drugs (Prevention and Abatement of the Misuse and Abuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Kitts and Nevis retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Saint Lucia

Legal status: Controlled under Saint Lucia's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Saint Lucia under Saint Lucia's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. In Saint Lucia, drugs fall under Saint Lucia's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Lucia retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Saint Lucia, drugs fall under Saint Lucia's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Lucia retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Legal status: Controlled under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. In Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, drugs fall under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, drugs fall under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines retains the death penalty in law for murder (abolitionist in practice), but its drug legislation does not provide a death penalty — the maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Act, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Haiti

Legal status: Controlled under Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Haiti under Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions. In Haiti, drugs fall under Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Haiti, drugs fall under Haiti's drug-control law / Penal Code drug provisions. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Sao Tome and Principe

Legal status: Controlled under Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Sao Tome and Principe under Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law. In Sao Tome and Principe, drugs fall under Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Sao Tome and Principe, drugs fall under Sao Tome and Principe's Lusophone Penal Code / drug-control law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Holy See

Legal status: Controlled under Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related) — trafficking carries imprisonment plus a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Holy See under Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related). In the Holy See, drugs fall under Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Vatican City is a very small jurisdiction with minimal independent drug caselaw; this cell asserts controlled status conservatively, and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Holy See, drugs fall under Vatican City State criminal law (Law No. CCXCVII and related). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. Vatican City is a very small jurisdiction with minimal independent drug caselaw; this cell asserts controlled status conservatively, and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. A primary statute portal was not located; this cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress pending a primary portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same law, with no legal recreational or medical regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Puerto Rico (US)

Legal status: Controlled under Puerto Rico's Controlled Substances Act (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Puerto Rico under Puerto Rico's Controlled Substances Act (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA). In Puerto Rico, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act of Puerto Rico (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA) — the territory's own statute, distinct from the US federal Controlled Substances Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Puerto Rico, drugs fall under the Controlled Substances Act of Puerto Rico (Ley de Sustancias Controladas de Puerto Rico, 24 LPRA) — the territory's own statute, distinct from the US federal Controlled Substances Act. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is controlled under the same Act with a regulated medical-cannabis exception: medical cannabis is legal for registered patients under Puerto Rico's 2015 medical-cannabis law, while recreational use, sale and cultivation remain prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Guam (US)

Legal status: Controlled under Guam's Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Guam under Guam's Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67). In Guam, drugs fall under the Guam Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67) — the territory's own statute. Trafficking and unlicensed supply carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Guam Compiler of Laws (guamcourts.gov) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Guam, drugs fall under the Guam Uniform Controlled Substances Act (9 GCA Chapter 67) — the territory's own statute. Trafficking and unlicensed supply carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Guam Compiler of Laws (guamcourts.gov) with Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: it is legal for adults 21 and over under the Guam Cannabis Industry Act of 2019, alongside the medical-cannabis programme (Public Law 34-80), with a regulated retail market; sale outside the licensed system remains an offence. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

U.S. Virgin Islands (US)

Legal status: Controlled under the U.S. Virgin Islands Code (Title 19) controlled-substances provisions — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the U.S. Virgin Islands under the U.S. Virgin Islands Code (Title 19) controlled-substances provisions. In the U.S. Virgin Islands, drugs fall under the Virgin Islands Code (Title 19) controlled-substances provisions — the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the U.S. Virgin Islands, drugs fall under the Virgin Islands Code (Title 19) controlled-substances provisions — the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: medical cannabis is legal under the Virgin Islands Medical Cannabis Patient Care Act (2019) and personal-possession of small amounts has been decriminalized, while non-medical sale and cultivation remain prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Northern Mariana Islands (US)

Legal status: Controlled under the Northern Mariana Islands' Commonwealth controlled-substances code — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Northern Mariana Islands under the Northern Mariana Islands' Commonwealth controlled-substances code. In the Northern Mariana Islands, drugs fall under the Commonwealth's own controlled-substances code. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Northern Mariana Islands, drugs fall under the Commonwealth's own controlled-substances code. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: it is legal for adults 21 and over under the Taulamwaar Sensible CNMI Cannabis Act of 2018, which authorizes personal possession, cultivation and a regulated adult-use market; no separate medical-cannabis programme is authorized, and sale outside the licensed system remains an offence. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

American Samoa (US)

Legal status: Controlled under the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in American Samoa under the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions. In American Samoa, drugs fall under the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions — the territory's own statute, among the harshest of any US jurisdiction. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In American Samoa, drugs fall under the American Samoa Code Annotated (Title 13) controlled-substances provisions — the territory's own statute, among the harshest of any US jurisdiction. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis is a controlled drug under the same Title 13 provisions, fully prohibited with no medical or recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Bermuda (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under Bermuda's Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended) — possession, supply and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Bermuda under Bermuda's Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended). In Bermuda, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended) — Bermuda's own statute. Supply, cultivation and trafficking carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Bermuda statute portal (bpa.bm) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Bermuda, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 (as amended) — Bermuda's own statute. Supply, cultivation and trafficking carry imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Bermuda statute portal (bpa.bm) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Cayman Islands (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under the Cayman Islands' Misuse of Drugs Act (2026 Revision) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Cayman Islands under the Cayman Islands' Misuse of Drugs Act (2026 Revision). In the Cayman Islands, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (2026 Revision) — the territory's own statute, enforced with a zero-tolerance import policy. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Cayman Islands legislation portal (legislation.gov.ky) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Cayman Islands, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (2026 Revision) — the territory's own statute, enforced with a zero-tolerance import policy. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Cayman Islands legislation portal (legislation.gov.ky) with Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: medical cannabis and CBD products are permitted only on local prescription (since 2017), while recreational cannabis is fully prohibited under zero-tolerance enforcement — possession carries a fine up to CI$3,000 and up to 3 years' imprisonment, and importation a fine up to CI$20,000 and up to 7 years on first conviction. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Gibraltar (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under Gibraltar's Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Gibraltar under Gibraltar's Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences). In Gibraltar, drugs fall under the Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences) — Gibraltar's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Gibraltar Laws portal (gibraltarlaws.gov.gi) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Gibraltar, drugs fall under the Crimes Act 2011 (drug offences) — Gibraltar's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Gibraltar Laws portal (gibraltarlaws.gov.gi) with Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: recreational cannabis is illegal, while medical cannabis has been permitted since October 2019 under prescription; sale and cultivation outside the medical framework remain prohibited. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

British Virgin Islands (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under the British Virgin Islands' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the British Virgin Islands under the British Virgin Islands' Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. In the British Virgin Islands, drugs fall under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act — the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the BVI Financial Services Commission legislation portal (bvifsc.vg) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the British Virgin Islands, drugs fall under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act — the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the BVI Financial Services Commission legislation portal (bvifsc.vg) with Library of Congress corroboration. Cannabis is treated differently from other controlled drugs: the Cannabis Licensing Act 2020 establishes a regulated cannabis-licensing framework (medical, research and religious use), while unlicensed recreational possession, sale and cultivation remain restricted. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under the Turks and Caicos Islands' Control of Drugs Ordinance — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Turks and Caicos Islands under the Turks and Caicos Islands' Control of Drugs Ordinance. In the Turks and Caicos Islands, drugs fall under the Control of Drugs Ordinance — the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Turks and Caicos Islands, drugs fall under the Control of Drugs Ordinance — the territory's own statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Cannabis and cannabis resin are Class B controlled drugs (Part II) under the same Ordinance, fully prohibited with no medical or recreational regime. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Jersey (UK Crown Dependency)

Legal status: Controlled under Jersey's Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978 (UK-model Class A/B/C system) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Jersey under the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978. In Jersey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978 — the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Jersey Legal Information Board (jerseylaw.je) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Jersey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Jersey) Law 1978 — the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Jersey Legal Information Board (jerseylaw.je) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Guernsey (UK Crown Dependency)

Legal status: Controlled under Guernsey's Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974 (UK-model Class A/B/C system) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Guernsey under the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974. In Guernsey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974 — the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Guernsey Legal Resources (guernseylegalresources.gg) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Guernsey, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1974 — the Bailiwick's own statute, built on the UK-model Class A/B/C system. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise article and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Guernsey Legal Resources (guernseylegalresources.gg) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Isle of Man (UK Crown Dependency)

Legal status: Controlled under the Isle of Man's Misuse of Drugs Act (Schedule 2 Classes A/B/C) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Isle of Man under the Isle of Man's Misuse of Drugs Act. In the Isle of Man, drugs fall under the Island's own Misuse of Drugs Act, which replicates the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Schedule 2 Classes A/B/C, administered by the Island's own ACMD). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Isle of Man Government legislation portal (gov.im) with Library of Congress corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Isle of Man, drugs fall under the Island's own Misuse of Drugs Act, which replicates the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Schedule 2 Classes A/B/C, administered by the Island's own ACMD). Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Isle of Man Government legislation portal (gov.im) with Library of Congress corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Montserrat (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under Montserrat's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act/Ordinance (UK-model) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Montserrat under Montserrat's Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act. In Montserrat, drugs fall under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act/Ordinance — a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Montserrat, drugs fall under the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act/Ordinance — a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Anguilla (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under Anguilla's Misuse of Drugs Act (UK-model) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise schedule and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Anguilla under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla). In Anguilla, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla) — a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Anguilla, drugs fall under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Anguilla) — a UK-model statute. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise section and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current statute. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Aruba (Netherlands)

Legal status: Controlled under Aruba's Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Aruba under Aruba's Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance. In Aruba, drugs fall under Aruba's own Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance — Aruba has been an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1986 and, unlike the European Netherlands, operates NO coffeeshop tolerance. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Aruba, drugs fall under Aruba's own Criminal Code and narcotics (opium) ordinance — Aruba has been an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1986 and, unlike the European Netherlands, operates NO coffeeshop tolerance. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Curaçao (Netherlands)

Legal status: Controlled under Curaçao's Opium Ordinance — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Curaçao under Curaçao's Opium Ordinance. In Curaçao, drugs fall under Curaçao's own Opium Ordinance — distinct from the European Netherlands' tolerance regime. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, and cocaine/heroin/MDMA offences draw severe sentences; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Curaçao, drugs fall under Curaçao's own Opium Ordinance — distinct from the European Netherlands' tolerance regime. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine, and cocaine/heroin/MDMA offences draw severe sentences; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Sint Maarten (Netherlands)

Legal status: Controlled under Sint Maarten's Opium National Ordinance of 1960 — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Sint Maarten under Sint Maarten's Opium National Ordinance of 1960. In Sint Maarten, drugs fall under the Opium National Ordinance of 1960, covering both hard and soft drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Sint Maarten, drugs fall under the Opium National Ordinance of 1960, covering both hard and soft drugs. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise provision and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current ordinance. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

French Polynesia (France)

Legal status: Controlled as a stupéfiant under the French Code de la santé publique as applied in French Polynesia — possession, sale and trafficking are offences; trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in French Polynesia under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in French Polynesia. In French Polynesia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory (with local island variation in enforcement). Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In French Polynesia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory (with local island variation in enforcement). Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

New Caledonia (France)

Legal status: Controlled as a stupéfiant under the French Code de la santé publique as applied in New Caledonia — possession, sale and trafficking are offences; trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in New Caledonia under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in New Caledonia. In New Caledonia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory. Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In New Caledonia, drugs fall under the French Code de la santé publique (narcotics provisions) as applied in the territory. Trafficking carries up to 30 years' imprisonment and a fine up to EUR 150,000 under the French penalty structure; the precise classification is left to confirmation against the current Code. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Caribbean Netherlands (BES)

Legal status: Controlled under the Caribbean Netherlands (BES) narcotics law (old-Antillean Opium Ordinance via the WvS-BES framework) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise instrument and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Caribbean Netherlands (BES) under the BES narcotics law (the old-Antillean Opium Ordinance applied through the WvS-BES penal framework). In the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba — the BES islands), drugs fall under the old-Antillean narcotics law applied through the WvS-BES penal framework, NOT the European Netherlands' Opium-Act tolerance — penalties are HARSHER than in the European Netherlands. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise instrument and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba — the BES islands), drugs fall under the old-Antillean narcotics law applied through the WvS-BES penal framework, NOT the European Netherlands' Opium-Act tolerance — penalties are HARSHER than in the European Netherlands. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise instrument and penalty terms are left to confirmation against the current law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-28

Aceh (Indonesia)

Legal status: Controlled as a Category I narcotic under Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009, which applies in Aceh — organized or large-scale trafficking is capital-eligible (the death penalty is NATIONAL under Law 35/2009, NOT a separate Aceh statute), while possession and lower-level offences carry imprisonment from 4 years or court-ordered rehabilitation, and the qanun jinayat add caning for certain offences; the precise article and threshold are left to confirmation against the current law
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Aceh under Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (applied in Aceh). In Aceh, drugs fall under Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (Articles 111–127), which applies in the province; Aceh ADDITIONALLY applies the qanun jinayat (Islamic criminal bylaws) imposing caning for certain offences as a corporal-punishment overlay distinct from the national penal regime. Organized or large-scale trafficking of Category I narcotics is capital-eligible — the death penalty is NATIONAL (under Law 35/2009), NOT a separate Aceh statute, and Indonesia actively imposes drug death sentences. Possession and lower-level offences carry imprisonment from 4 years or court-ordered rehabilitation; the precise article and threshold are left to confirmation against the current law. This cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress, with the qanun framing corroborated in free text.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Aceh, drugs fall under Indonesia's national Narcotics Law No. 35 of 2009 (Articles 111–127), which applies in the province; Aceh ADDITIONALLY applies the qanun jinayat (Islamic criminal bylaws) imposing caning for certain offences as a corporal-punishment overlay distinct from the national penal regime. Organized or large-scale trafficking of Category I narcotics is capital-eligible — the death penalty is NATIONAL (under Law 35/2009), NOT a separate Aceh statute, and Indonesia actively imposes drug death sentences. Possession and lower-level offences carry imprisonment from 4 years or court-ordered rehabilitation; the precise article and threshold are left to confirmation against the current law. This cell is sourced via the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) and the Library of Congress, with the qanun framing corroborated in free text. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-29

Faroe Islands (Denmark)

Legal status: Controlled under the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control framework (distinct from Denmark) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences; the specific consolidating statute is left to confirmation against current Faroese law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Faroe Islands under the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control framework. In the Faroe Islands, drugs fall under the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control and customs-enforcement framework — the Faroes self-govern health and justice and operate a drug-control regime distinct from Denmark. The specific consolidating statute is left to confirmation against current Faroese law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Faroese Government portal (government.fo) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Faroe Islands, drugs fall under the Faroe Islands' own narcotics-control and customs-enforcement framework — the Faroes self-govern health and justice and operate a drug-control regime distinct from Denmark. The specific consolidating statute is left to confirmation against current Faroese law. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Faroese Government portal (government.fo) and the Library of Congress with UNODC corroboration. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-29

Falkland Islands (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under the Falkland Islands' own misuse-of-drugs / crimes ordinance framework (UK-model) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Falkland Islands law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in the Falkland Islands under the Falkland Islands' own misuse-of-drugs / crimes ordinance framework. In the Falkland Islands, drugs fall under the Islands' own misuse-of-drugs / crimes ordinance framework, built on the UK model. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Falkland Islands law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In the Falkland Islands, drugs fall under the Islands' own misuse-of-drugs / crimes ordinance framework, built on the UK model. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Falkland Islands law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-29

Saint Helena (UK)

Legal status: Controlled under Saint Helena's misuse-of-drugs ordinance (UK-model; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha) — possession, sale and trafficking are offences and the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Saint Helena law; the maximum penalty is imprisonment
Consequences if caught: MDMA is controlled in Saint Helena under Saint Helena's misuse-of-drugs ordinance. In Saint Helena (the territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), drugs fall under Saint Helena's own misuse-of-drugs ordinance, built on the UK model. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Saint Helena law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal.
If prescribed / medical: Not a prescribed traveller medicine in this form.
Documentation: In Saint Helena (the territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), drugs fall under Saint Helena's own misuse-of-drugs ordinance, built on the UK model. Trafficking carries imprisonment together with a fine; the precise ordinance and penalty terms are left to confirmation against current Saint Helena law. The maximum penalty for a drug offence is imprisonment. This cell is sourced via the Library of Congress and the UNODC legal database (unodc.org/cld) pending a clean territory-primary statute portal. Carry any controlled medicine with its prescription and confirm requirements with your embassy before travel.

Source · Updated 2026-06-29

Last updated: 2026-06-29

Drug laws and enforcement change and vary by country. This is not legal advice. Always confirm with the destination’s embassy or official drug authority before traveling — penalties can be severe, including imprisonment.

Before you travel

Verify current rules with the destination country’s official drug authorityand your own country’s embassy before traveling. Find the destination’s U.S. embassy & official country guidance →
Non-U.S. travelers: check your own government’s travel advisory and embassy.

If you’re detained or arrested abroad

Contact your own country’s embassy or consulatein the destination immediately — notthe destination’s authorities. U.S. citizens: contact the nearest U.S. embassy/consulate and the U.S. State Department at +1-202-501-4444 (from abroad). If a U.S. citizen is arrested or detained abroad →

Images

Visual references coming soon.

If it’s too intense

If an experience becomes overwhelming, the goal is to stay safe and let it pass — most difficult experiences ease as the drug wears off.

Get to a calm, safe space with someone you trust who is sober and can stay with you.
Cool down if you’re overheating — move somewhere cool, remove extra layers, rest. Overheating is especially a risk with stimulants and MDMA.
Sip water to thirst — but don’t over-hydrate. Drinking large amounts of plain water (especially after MDMA) can dangerously dilute your blood sodium (hyponatremia). Electrolytes help more than volume.
Slow your breathing — long, slow exhales help settle a racing heart and anxiety.
A sugary drink, fruit juice, or a snack can ease shakiness and the anxiety that comes with low blood sugar.
Do not take more, and do not add another substance to manage it. Redosing or adding something else (including a sedative like a benzodiazepine) can make things worse, not better.

After MDMA, overheating and over-hydration are both dangerous: cool down, and sip to thirst rather than gulping water (forcing plain water can drop your blood sodium dangerously).

Call 911 (or Poison Control, 1-800-222-1222) right away for chest pain, a very high body temperature, a seizure, unconsciousness, or severe confusion. These are medical emergencies, not something to wait out.

Source: general harm-reduction guidance from SAMHSA, NIH/NIDA, and MedlinePlus, in our own words. Draft — not yet medically reviewed.

Forensic dossier

Draft · every field is source-cited or marked “Unknown — pending review”

Identity

PubChem CID: 1615PubChem PUG-REST ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18
IUPAC name: 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-aminePubChem PUG-REST ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18
Molecular formula: C11H15NO2PubChem PUG-REST ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18
SMILES: CC(CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)NCPubChem PUG-REST ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18
InChIKey: SHXWCVYOXRDMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem PUG-REST ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18
Synonyms / aliases: molly, ecstasy, Ecstasy, Midomafetamine, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, midomafetamina, Methylenedioxymetamphetamine, Methylenedioxymethamfetamine, Mandy (Street Name), Molly (Street Name), XTC (Street Name), Ecstasy (Drug)PubChem PUG-REST + seed aliases ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18

Composition

Composition: N/A — single compound (see Identity)

Physical / pill characteristics

Dosage form: Unknown — pending review (no Rx/OTC label; illicit — pill visuals = FIRST-PARTY submissions only, never generated or scraped)
Route: Unknown — pending review
Shape: Unknown — pending review
Color: Unknown — pending review
Imprint: Unknown — pending review
Score: Unknown — pending review

Scheduling & legal status

US schedule: Schedule I (US)DEA / eCFR 21 CFR 1308 ↗ · retrieved 2026-06-18
International: Unknown — pending review

Dosage

Pending medical reviewer

Sources

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